Office WorkersNCT06540053
The Effect of Hamstring Stretching on Lumbar Muscle Activation in Officers
A study testing Active Static Hamstring Stretch Exercise and Waiting List in people with Office Workers and Muscle Tightness, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Prolonged periods of desk work and static postures in office workers lead to various musculoskeletal issues in both the lower and upper extremities. One such issue is hamstring muscle tightness observed in individuals. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 50 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Office Workers, Muscle Tightness, Lumbar Region
- What is being tested?
- Active Static Hamstring Stretch Exercise and Waiting List
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 52 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 30 Jun 2024to 10 Jan 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 50 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Individuals aged between 20 and 50 years
- Who are office workers
- Spending at least 5 hours daily sitting at a desk
- Willing to participate in the study
- And classified as physically inactive according to the International Physical Activity Short Form
Who cannot join
- Individuals with a history of lumbar spine and knee surgery within the last 6 months
- A history of any hamstring muscle injury within the last 6 months
- Presence of osteoporosis
- Concurrent mental, metabolic, rheumatologic, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, or pulmonary conditions
- Currently pregnant
- And individuals classified as obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Active Static Hamstring Stretching Exercises on Lumbar Muscle Activation in Office Workers
Prolonged periods of desk work and static postures in office workers lead to various musculoskeletal issues in both the lower and upper extremities. One such issue is hamstring muscle tightness observed in individuals. Tight hamstring muscles contribute to increased electromyographic muscle activity in the lumbar region, altered lumbopelvic rhythm, and changes in lumbar stabilization, leading to low back pain. The viscoelastic properties of the hamstring muscles play a crucial role in maintaining posture and stabilizing the lumbar region. Insufficient hamstring flexibility or viscoelastic properties can alter pelvic position and result in excessive stress in the lumbar region, thereby increasing the risk of low back pain.
It is anticipated that the activation, stabilization, and viscoelasticity of the muscles in the lumbar region will change through static active hamstring stretching exercises, which aim to restore the length-tension relationship in the hamstring muscles. This study aims to investigate the effect of active static hamstring stretching exercises on lumbar muscle activation, stabilization, and viscoelasticity in office workers.
Read the detailed description
Most office workers spend long hours working at a computer, leading to prolonged periods of sitting. As a result, low back pain is frequently observed among office workers due to extended sitting durations. Issues arising in the lumbar region significantly reduce individuals' quality of life and are the second leading cause of work absenteeism, thus increasing treatment costs.
The movement of the spine occurs through the coordinated functioning of muscles and nerves. While agonist muscles initiate and maintain movement, antagonist muscles control and modulate it. Healthy spinal movements are ensured by the optimal functioning of these muscles. To achieve this, individuals are provided with ergonomic training, core strengthening exercises, and stretching exercises.
The hamstring muscle contributes to the stabilization of the hip and pelvis joints, thereby aiding in the stabilization of the lumbar spine. The relationship between the viscoelastic properties of the hamstring muscle and the lumbar region encompasses a wide range of issues, including low back pain, postural disorders, and pelvic stability. Studies have reported that a minimum of 5-7 hours of sitting leads to hamstring muscle tightness. Hamstring tightness not only reduces the range of motion but also leads to various musculoskeletal problems. The tightness in the hamstring muscles can affect pelvic mobility and lumbopelvic rhythm. Additionally, research has shown a positive relationship between hamstring tightness and the severity of low back pain. Tight hamstring muscles can increase the tension in the muscles and ligaments of the lumbar region, resulting in significantly higher compression loads on the lumbar spine. Other postural changes associated with hamstring tightness may indirectly affect sacroiliac joint stability. Therefore, the flexibility of the hamstring muscles is extremely important for overall health and optimal physical fitness.
Participants will be divided into two groups: control and experimental. Participants will be randomized, stratified by gender, and a total of 50 individuals are planned to participate in the study. The study will last a total of 6 weeks. At the beginning of the study, both groups will receive briefings. The control group will receive training on spinal protection principles within the office. Additionally, participants in this group will receive short text messages on their phones containing information on maintaining proper posture throughout the day, sent on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays for 6 weeks.
The experimental group, in addition to the spinal protection principles training, will perform active static hamstring stretching exercises in the office environment, consisting of 10 repetitions of 30-40 seconds of stretching and 30 seconds of rest, for a total of 10 minutes per session, 5 days a week. Participants in the experimental group will be supervised during the stretching exercises.
To ensure participants' eligibility according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form will be administered. The primary outcome measures of the study are electromyographic muscle activity, stabilization, and viscoelastic properties; the secondary outcome measures are myoton, sit-and-reach test, and photographic posture analysis. Assessments will be conducted on a single day and will be performed twice, at the beginning and at the end of the study, by the same researcher who is blinded to the treatment method.
- Conditions
- Office Workers, Muscle Tightness, Lumbar Region, Muscle Shortness, Stretch, Hamstring Flexibility
- Being tested
- Active Static Hamstring Stretch Exercise, Waiting List
- Keywords
- Muscle Activation, Electromyographic Muscle Activity, Stabilization, Viscoelastic Properties, Hamstring Flexibility, Posture, Low back
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Active Static Hamstring Stretch ExerciseOther
In the first session, participants will be instructed on the principles of spinal protection. Following this, members of the experimental group will engage in active hamstring exercises within the office environment. These exercises will be conducted for 10 minutes, consisting of 10 repetitions of 30-40 seconds of stretching followed by 30 seconds of rest, five days a week for six weeks. Participants in the experimental group will be remotely supervised during the stretching exercises.
Waiting ListOther
Participants will receive workplace training on spine protection principles and subsequently be placed on a waiting list. Throughout this process, individuals in the designated group will receive text messages on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays over the course of six weeks. These messages will contain information aimed at assisting them in maintaining correct posture throughout the workday.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Study Group | Experimental | Active Static Hamstring Stretching Participants will perform 10-minute active static hamstring exercises for 5 days a week over a period of 6 weeks. Receives: Other: Active Static Hamstring Stretch Exercise |
| Control Group | Other | Participants will receive training on spinal protection principles within the office setting and will be sent short messages containing information on maintaining proper posture throughout the day on their phones for a period of 6 weeks. Receives: Other: Waiting List |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Surface Electromyograph
The electromyographic muscle activity of the rectus abdominis, erector spinae, internal and external oblique muscles will be evaluated. Muscle contraction activations will be measured using a two-channel Delsys Trigno Avanti Wireless surface EMG system (Delsys, Inc., Boston, MA, USA). Surface EMG electrodes will be used with the Trigno Avanti EMG sensor, placed at the motor points of the muscles. EMG data sampling will be conducted at a rate of 1000 Hz, with a bandwidth of 20-400 Hz, common mode rejection ratio greater than 80 dB, and root mean square calculated using EMG Works 4.0 analysis software (Delsys, Boston, MA, USA). Prior to electrode placement, skin will be cleaned according to criteria specified by SENIAM for the non-invasive assessment of muscles using Surface Electromyography.
Measured: 6 weeks
Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Unit
Participants will be assessed using "The Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Unit" (Chattanooga Group, Inc., US). The pressure cell of the device will be positioned under the lumbar vertebrae, aligned with the midpoint of the posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS). After inflating the manometer to 40 mmHg, participants will be instructed to draw their abdominal wall inwardly. Success is defined as maintaining 40 mmHg pressure without any compensation. Participants will then lie prone, with the pressure cell positioned under the lower abdominal region, aligned with the midpoint of the anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS). After setting the manometer's pressure to 70 mmHg, participants will be asked to contract their muscles. A successful test requires a pressure decrease of 6-10 mmHg. A decrease of less than 2 mmHg, no change, or an increase in pressure indicates muscle inadequacy.
Measured: 6 weeks
Myoton
To measure the viscoelastic properties of the rectus abdominis, erector spinae, internal, and external oblique muscles, the MyotonPRO (Muomeetria Ltd., Tallinn, Estonia) will be used. Participants will lie comfortably in a prone position. The device probe (3mm diameter, polycarbonate) will be positioned perpendicular to the skin projection of the muscle being measured. A fixed pre-load of 0.18 N will be applied to compress the superficial tissues of the skin. Beneath the compressed subcutaneous tissues, a fixed mechanical force of 0.4 N will apply rapid impulses (15ms) by the device. These mechanical impulses induce local and elastic deformation in the measured muscle. After this deformation, the muscle responds with natural damped oscillations as it returns to its initial state, and these oscillations are recorded as an acceleration graph by sensitive accelerometers at the other end of the probe, which operate frictionlessly and precisely.
Measured: 6 weeks
Secondary outcomes (3)
Myoton
To measure the tone, stiffness, and elasticity of the hamstring muscle, the MyotonPRO (Muomeetria Ltd., Tallinn, Estonia) will be utilized. Muscle stiffness (N/m) is associated with the maximum acceleration of oscillation and the tissue deformation recorded by the transducer. The Myotonometer can measure the stiffness of tissues up to 2 cm below the epidermis (Liang et al., 2022). Participants will be rested for 5 minutes before measurement, seated with arms relaxed along the body, and measurements will be taken at the thickest point of the relevant muscles. During measurement, the Myotonometer's testing probe will be positioned vertically on the skin surface. The probe will be pushed to the required depth to initiate measurement, and proper depth will be confirmed by the indicator light on the device turning from red to green.
Measured: 6 weeks
Sit and Reach Test
This test is a valid and reliable measure widely used in clinical settings to assess hamstring flexibility in young adult populations (ICC: 0.92). The participant sits on the floor with their back and head against the wall, legs extended out to a testing platform where the soles of their feet are in full contact and knees are fully extended. During the test, the feet are bare and the platform base is 26 cm long. With hands stacked on top of each other, the participant slowly and controlledly leans forward without bending their knees during expiration. At the maximum reach point, they hold the position for 2 seconds. Measurement is taken from the tip of the third finger, subtracting 26 cm if the measurement falls short or adding if it exceeds, noted against the 26 cm baseline. A measurement below 30 cm indicates loss of flexibility in the hamstring muscles. The test is repeated twice, and the highest value recorded.
Measured: 6 weeks
PostureScreen Mobile® App
For this research, a device running iOS 17.1.2 will be used. The application allows evaluation of individuals' standing posture from right and left lateral angles, as well as their seated posture from a lateral perspective. Compared to normal posture, the application numerically reports deviations. Within the application, specific reference points are marked on captured photographs using a touchscreen interface. These reference points are utilized to determine postural deviation values and their severity. During image capture, the application displays a green cursor when the phone is level. A distance of 1.5 meters between the phone and the participant is maintained to ensure consistent and accurate measurements across all evaluations. Postural deviation values, calculated in centimeters or degrees for each variable, are reported through the software.
Measured: 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Aug 2024
- Study start30 Jun 2024
- Primary completion25 Dec 2024
- Study completion10 Jan 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Office WorkersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istanbul University - CerrahpasaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 52 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ayse Zengin Alpozgen, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
- Investigators
- Ayse Zengin Alpözgen, Assoc. Prof., Principal investigator, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06540053
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 005-HsR
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 1 Aug 2024
- Last updated
- 18 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Active Static Hamstring Stretching Exercises on Lumbar Muscle Activation in Office Workers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06540053
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 005-HsR
- Conditions
- Office Workers, Muscle Tightness, Lumbar Region, Muscle Shortness, Stretch, Hamstring Flexibility
- Keywords
- Muscle Activation, Electromyographic Muscle Activity, Stabilization, Viscoelastic Properties, Hamstring Flexibility, Posture, Low back
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 52 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - CerrahpasaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 25 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Jan 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Prolonged periods of desk work and static postures in office workers lead to various musculoskeletal issues in both the lower and upper extremities. One such issue is hamstring muscle tightness observed in individuals. Tight hamstring muscles contribute to increased electromyographic muscle activity in the lumbar region, altered lumbopelvic rhythm, and changes in lumbar stabilization, leading to low back pain. The viscoelastic properties of the hamstring muscles play a crucial role in maintaining posture and stabilizing the lumbar region. Insufficient hamstring flexibility or viscoelastic properties can alter pelvic position and result in excessive stress in the lumbar region, thereby increasing the risk of low back pain.
It is anticipated that the activation, stabilization, and viscoelasticity of the muscles in the lumbar region will change through static active hamstring stretching exercises, which aim to restore the length-tension relationship in the hamstring muscles. This study aims to investigate the effect of active static hamstring stretching exercises on lumbar muscle activation, stabilization, and viscoelasticity in office workers.
Detailed description
Most office workers spend long hours working at a computer, leading to prolonged periods of sitting. As a result, low back pain is frequently observed among office workers due to extended sitting durations. Issues arising in the lumbar region significantly reduce individuals' quality of life and are the second leading cause of work absenteeism, thus increasing treatment costs.
The movement of the spine occurs through the coordinated functioning of muscles and nerves. While agonist muscles initiate and maintain movement, antagonist muscles control and modulate it. Healthy spinal movements are ensured by the optimal functioning of these muscles. To achieve this, individuals are provided with ergonomic training, core strengthening exercises, and stretching exercises.
The hamstring muscle contributes to the stabilization of the hip and pelvis joints, thereby aiding in the stabilization of the lumbar spine. The relationship between the viscoelastic properties of the hamstring muscle and the lumbar region encompasses a wide range of issues, including low back pain, postural disorders, and pelvic stability. Studies have reported that a minimum of 5-7 hours of sitting leads to hamstring muscle tightness. Hamstring tightness not only reduces the range of motion but also leads to various musculoskeletal problems. The tightness in the hamstring muscles can affect pelvic mobility and lumbopelvic rhythm. Additionally, research has shown a positive relationship between hamstring tightness and the severity of low back pain. Tight hamstring muscles can increase the tension in the muscles and ligaments of the lumbar region, resulting in significantly higher compression loads on the lumbar spine. Other postural changes associated with hamstring tightness may indirectly affect sacroiliac joint stability. Therefore, the flexibility of the hamstring muscles is extremely important for overall health and optimal physical fitness.
Participants will be divided into two groups: control and experimental. Participants will be randomized, stratified by gender, and a total of 50 individuals are planned to participate in the study. The study will last a total of 6 weeks. At the beginning of the study, both groups will receive briefings. The control group will receive training on spinal protection principles within the office. Additionally, participants in this group will receive short text messages on their phones containing information on maintaining proper posture throughout the day, sent on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays for 6 weeks.
The experimental group, in addition to the spinal protection principles training, will perform active static hamstring stretching exercises in the office environment, consisting of 10 repetitions of 30-40 seconds of stretching and 30 seconds of rest, for a total of 10 minutes per session, 5 days a week. Participants in the experimental group will be supervised during the stretching exercises.
To ensure participants' eligibility according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form will be administered. The primary outcome measures of the study are electromyographic muscle activity, stabilization, and viscoelastic properties; the secondary outcome measures are myoton, sit-and-reach test, and photographic posture analysis. Assessments will be conducted on a single day and will be performed twice, at the beginning and at the end of the study, by the same researcher who is blinded to the treatment method.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Study Group | Experimental | Other: Active Static Hamstring Stretch ExerciseActive Static Hamstring Stretching Participants will perform 10-minute active static hamstring exercises for 5 days a week over a period of 6 weeks. |
| Control Group | Other | Other: Waiting ListParticipants will receive training on spinal protection principles within the office setting and will be sent short messages containing information on maintaining proper posture throughout the day on their phones for a period of 6 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Individuals aged between 20 and 50 years
- Who are office workers
- Spending at least 5 hours daily sitting at a desk
- Willing to participate in the study
- And classified as physically inactive according to the International Physical Activity Short Form
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Individuals with a history of lumbar spine and knee surgery within the last 6 months
- A history of any hamstring muscle injury within the last 6 months
- Presence of osteoporosis
- Concurrent mental, metabolic, rheumatologic, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, or pulmonary conditions
- Currently pregnant
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Active Static Hamstring Stretch ExerciseIn the first session, participants will be instructed on the principles of spinal protection. Following this, members of the experimental group will engage in active hamstring exercises within the office environment. These exercises will be conducted for 10 minutes, consisting of 10 repetitions of 30-40 seconds of stretching followed by 30 seconds of rest, five days a week for six weeks. Participants in the experimental group will be remotely supervised during the stretching exercises. | Other | Study Group |
| Waiting ListParticipants will receive workplace training on spine protection principles and subsequently be placed on a waiting list. Throughout this process, individuals in the designated group will receive text messages on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays over the course of six weeks. These messages will contain information aimed at assisting them in maintaining correct posture throughout the workday. | Other | Control Group |
Primary outcome
Surface Electromyograph
Time frame: 6 weeks
The electromyographic muscle activity of the rectus abdominis, erector spinae, internal and external oblique muscles will be evaluated. Muscle contraction activations will be measured using a two-channel Delsys Trigno Avanti Wireless surface EMG system (Delsys, Inc., Boston, MA, USA). Surface EMG electrodes will be used with the Trigno Avanti EMG sensor, placed at the motor points of the muscles. EMG data sampling will be conducted at a rate of 1000 Hz, with a bandwidth of 20-400 Hz, common mode rejection ratio greater than 80 dB, and root mean square calculated using EMG Works 4.0 analysis software (Delsys, Boston, MA, USA). Prior to electrode placement, skin will be cleaned according to criteria specified by SENIAM for the non-invasive assessment of muscles using Surface Electromyography.
Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Unit
Time frame: 6 weeks
Participants will be assessed using "The Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Unit" (Chattanooga Group, Inc., US). The pressure cell of the device will be positioned under the lumbar vertebrae, aligned with the midpoint of the posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS). After inflating the manometer to 40 mmHg, participants will be instructed to draw their abdominal wall inwardly. Success is defined as maintaining 40 mmHg pressure without any compensation. Participants will then lie prone, with the pressure cell positioned under the lower abdominal region, aligned with the midpoint of the anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS). After setting the manometer's pressure to 70 mmHg, participants will be asked to contract their muscles. A successful test requires a pressure decrease of 6-10 mmHg. A decrease of less than 2 mmHg, no change, or an increase in pressure indicates muscle inadequacy.
Myoton
Time frame: 6 weeks
To measure the viscoelastic properties of the rectus abdominis, erector spinae, internal, and external oblique muscles, the MyotonPRO (Muomeetria Ltd., Tallinn, Estonia) will be used. Participants will lie comfortably in a prone position. The device probe (3mm diameter, polycarbonate) will be positioned perpendicular to the skin projection of the muscle being measured. A fixed pre-load of 0.18 N will be applied to compress the superficial tissues of the skin. Beneath the compressed subcutaneous tissues, a fixed mechanical force of 0.4 N will apply rapid impulses (15ms) by the device. These mechanical impulses induce local and elastic deformation in the measured muscle. After this deformation, the muscle responds with natural damped oscillations as it returns to its initial state, and these oscillations are recorded as an acceleration graph by sensitive accelerometers at the other end of the probe, which operate frictionlessly and precisely.
3 secondary outcomes
Myoton
Time frame: 6 weeks
Sit and Reach Test
Time frame: 6 weeks
PostureScreen Mobile® App
Time frame: 6 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 May 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ayse Zengin Alpözgen, Assoc. Prof. principal investigator
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Active Static Hamstring Stretch Exercise and Waiting List in people with Office Workers and Muscle Tightness, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Surface Electromyograph (time frame: 6 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 May 2026.