Children, AdultOPRNCT06544824
Accuracy Comparison: Optoelectronic Motion Capture and Markerless System
An observational study of Children, Adult and Motor Disorders, run by IRCCS Eugenio Medea at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study was to assess the Openpose reliability to measure kinematics and spatiotemporal gait parameters and to evaluate the minimum technical requirements. This analysis used video and optoelectronic motion capture simultaneously recorded. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 4 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Children, Adult, Motor Disorders
- What is being tested?
- Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from optoelectronic system, Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless system and Quantify tip toe step during gait from kinematic
- How many people
- 25 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 15 May 2024to 24 Sep 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 4 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Study population: This study includes subjects who previously underwent a functional motor assessment using the SMART DX 100 system at the IRCCS Eugenio Medea Institute. The sample comprises both healthy individuals and those with walking difficulties, all aged over 4 years.
Who may be able to join
- Age over 4 years;
- Ability to walk independently without walking aids and/or orthoses.
Who cannot join
- Inability to walk independently and safely for short distances without walking aids and/or orthoses.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Accuracy of Markerless Motion Analysis in Comparison With Optoelectronic Motion Capture System
The purpose of this study was to assess the Openpose reliability to measure kinematics and spatiotemporal gait parameters and to evaluate the minimum technical requirements. This analysis used video and optoelectronic motion capture simultaneously recorded. We assessed more of 20 subject with different motor gait impairments
Read the detailed description
Marker-based Optical motion tracking is the gold standard in gait analysis, but today, markerless solutions are growing rapidly. Treatment of physical impairments could improve if supported with reliable motion capture. Moreover, the use of markerless technology offers numerous advantages for working with pediatric populations under various conditions. In this paper, we assess the Openpose reliability to measure kinematics and spatiotemporal gait parameters and to evaluate the minimum technical requirements., in a population of children with and without gait impairments. Validating markerless methods can open the way for new motion capture techniques and enhance the accessibility of kinematic measurements and improve the treatment of physical impairments.
- Conditions
- Children, Adult, Motor Disorders
- Being tested
- Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from optoelectronic system, Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless system, Quantify tip toe step during gait from kinematic
- Keywords
- Kinematic, Markerless, OpenPose
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from optoelectronic systemOther
The raw data acquired from motion capture system were processed with Smart Analyzer software (BTS Bioengineering, Milano, Italy). First, the 3D data were filtered and interpolated in case of missing data for short time. Then spatial-temporal parameters (cycle duration, cadence, gait speed, stance phase, swing phase, double-support phase, stride length and step width) and conventional kinematic parameters of traditional Davis marker-set protocols were computed.
Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless systemOther
The two videos were elaborated using OpenPose that returns a set of 25 2D keypoints coordinates for body pose estimation for each video. Key-points were located in relevant body landmarks and it were used to determine the 2D Cartesian coordinates on the sagittal plane and on the frontal plane. The data calculated with routines were filtered and interpolated in case of missing data. With respect to kinematic parameters, the segment and joint angles were measured from the estimated feature points of each joint. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were calculated using successive heel strike and toe-off events.
Quantify tip toe step during gait from kinematicOther
The kinematic features calculated are used to identify and count the number of tip toe steps during gait or standing
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Healthy subjects | This group includes healthy subjects over 4 years of age; with the ability to walk independently without walking aids and/or orthoses. Receives: Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from optoelectronic system; Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless system | |
| Subjects with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and right hemiplegia | This group includes subjects with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and right hemiplegia over 4 years of age; with the ability to walk independently without walking aids and/or orthoses. Receives: Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from optoelectronic system; Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless system | |
| Subjects with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and left hemiplegia | This group includes subjects with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and left hemiplegia over 4 years of age; with the ability to walk independently without walking aids and/or orthoses. Receives: Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from optoelectronic system; Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless system | |
| Subjects with a diagnosis of spastic paraparesis | TThis group includes subjects with a diagnosis of spastic paraparesis over 4 years of age; with the ability to walk independently without walking aids and/or orthoses. Receives: Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from optoelectronic system; Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless system | |
| healthy children mimic gesture | This group includes a sample of healthy subjects who mimic the chimney tip typical of some diseases such as cerebral palsy and autism. Receives: Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless system; Other: Quantify tip toe step during gait from kinematic |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Absolute Error
Absolute errors were calculated for the kinematics parameters and for each spatiotemporal variable by taking the absolute value after subtracting the values obtained using pose estimation methods from the value measured using markerbased motion capture
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
intraclass correlation coefficients
To confirm whether the data obtained by OpenPose agreed with the data from the optoelectronic system, investigators calculated the ICCs (two-way mixed effects model, absolute agreement, average measurements) between the spatiotemporal and kinematic data from both systems. The ICC values were interpreted as follows: poor agreement for ICC < 0.5, moderate agreement for values between 0.5 and 0.75, good agreement for values between 0.75 and 0.9, and excellent agreement for values greater than 0.90.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
cross-correlation coefficients
The cross-correlation coefficients (CCC) between both systems were used to evaluate the similarity of angles during the gait cycle. The CCC values were interpreted as follows: weak or no coupling for values between -0.3 and 0.3, moderate coupling for values between 0.3 and 0.7 or -0.7 and -0.3, and strong coupling for values greater than 0.7 or less than -0.7.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Aug 2024
- Study start15 May 2024
- Primary completion24 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion24 Sep 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Children, AdultStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- IRCCS Eugenio Medea
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Giuseppe Andreoni, Principal investigator, IRCCS E.Medea
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06544824
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- GIP1121
- Acronym
- OPR
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 5 Aug 2024
- Last updated
- 27 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Accuracy of Markerless Motion Analysis in Comparison With Optoelectronic Motion Capture System
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06544824
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- OPR / GIP1121
- Conditions
- Children, Adult, Motor Disorders
- Keywords
- Kinematic, Markerless, OpenPose
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- IRCCS Eugenio MedeaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 May 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 24 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 24 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 9 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study was to assess the Openpose reliability to measure kinematics and spatiotemporal gait parameters and to evaluate the minimum technical requirements. This analysis used video and optoelectronic motion capture simultaneously recorded. We assessed more of 20 subject with different motor gait impairments
Detailed description
Marker-based Optical motion tracking is the gold standard in gait analysis, but today, markerless solutions are growing rapidly. Treatment of physical impairments could improve if supported with reliable motion capture. Moreover, the use of markerless technology offers numerous advantages for working with pediatric populations under various conditions. In this paper, we assess the Openpose reliability to measure kinematics and spatiotemporal gait parameters and to evaluate the minimum technical requirements., in a population of children with and without gait impairments. Validating markerless methods can open the way for new motion capture techniques and enhance the accessibility of kinematic measurements and improve the treatment of physical impairments.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 5
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Healthy subjects | – | Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from optoelectronic system, Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless systemThis group includes healthy subjects over 4 years of age; with the ability to walk independently without walking aids and/or orthoses. |
| Subjects with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and right hemiplegia | – | Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from optoelectronic system, Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless systemThis group includes subjects with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and right hemiplegia over 4 years of age; with the ability to walk independently without walking aids and/or orthoses. |
| Subjects with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and left hemiplegia | – | Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from optoelectronic system, Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless systemThis group includes subjects with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and left hemiplegia over 4 years of age; with the ability to walk independently without walking aids and/or orthoses. |
| Subjects with a diagnosis of spastic paraparesis | – | Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from optoelectronic system, Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless systemTThis group includes subjects with a diagnosis of spastic paraparesis over 4 years of age; with the ability to walk independently without walking aids and/or orthoses. |
| healthy children mimic gesture | – | Other: Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless system, Other: Quantify tip toe step during gait from kinematicThis group includes a sample of healthy subjects who mimic the chimney tip typical of some diseases such as cerebral palsy and autism. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 4 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- This study includes subjects who previously underwent a functional motor assessment using the SMART DX 100 system at the IRCCS Eugenio Medea Institute. The sample comprises both healthy individuals and those with walking difficulties, all aged over 4 years.
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Age over 4 years;
- Ability to walk independently without walking aids and/or orthoses.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Inability to walk independently and safely for short distances without walking aids and/or orthoses.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from optoelectronic systemThe raw data acquired from motion capture system were processed with Smart Analyzer software (BTS Bioengineering, Milano, Italy). First, the 3D data were filtered and interpolated in case of missing data for short time. Then spatial-temporal parameters (cycle duration, cadence, gait speed, stance phase, swing phase, double-support phase, stride length and step width) and conventional kinematic parameters of traditional Davis marker-set protocols were computed. | Other | Healthy subjects, Subjects with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and left hemiplegia, Subjects with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and right hemiplegia, Subjects with a diagnosis of spastic paraparesis |
| Measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics from markerless systemThe two videos were elaborated using OpenPose that returns a set of 25 2D keypoints coordinates for body pose estimation for each video. Key-points were located in relevant body landmarks and it were used to determine the 2D Cartesian coordinates on the sagittal plane and on the frontal plane. The data calculated with routines were filtered and interpolated in case of missing data. With respect to kinematic parameters, the segment and joint angles were measured from the estimated feature points of each joint. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were calculated using successive heel strike and toe-off events. | Other | Healthy subjects, Subjects with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and left hemiplegia, Subjects with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and right hemiplegia, Subjects with a diagnosis of spastic paraparesis, healthy children mimic gesture |
| Quantify tip toe step during gait from kinematicThe kinematic features calculated are used to identify and count the number of tip toe steps during gait or standing | Other | healthy children mimic gesture |
Primary outcome
Absolute Error
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Absolute errors were calculated for the kinematics parameters and for each spatiotemporal variable by taking the absolute value after subtracting the values obtained using pose estimation methods from the value measured using markerbased motion capture
intraclass correlation coefficients
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
To confirm whether the data obtained by OpenPose agreed with the data from the optoelectronic system, investigators calculated the ICCs (two-way mixed effects model, absolute agreement, average measurements) between the spatiotemporal and kinematic data from both systems. The ICC values were interpreted as follows: poor agreement for ICC < 0.5, moderate agreement for values between 0.5 and 0.75, good agreement for values between 0.75 and 0.9, and excellent agreement for values greater than 0.90.
cross-correlation coefficients
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
The cross-correlation coefficients (CCC) between both systems were used to evaluate the similarity of angles during the gait cycle. The CCC values were interpreted as follows: weak or no coupling for values between -0.3 and 0.3, moderate coupling for values between 0.3 and 0.7 or -0.7 and -0.3, and strong coupling for values greater than 0.7 or less than -0.7.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Feb 2026.
Related trials for Children, Adult
Recruiting
Comparison of Uncomplicated Candidemia Therapy Duration in Children and Adults
Invasive Candidiasis
Recruiting
Cerebellar tDCS Stimulation in Children and Adult Women With Anorexia Nervosa Disorder
Anorexia Nervosa
Enrolling by invitationObservational study
Natural History Study of Early Life Exposures in Agriculture (ELEA)
Prostate Cancer, Leukemia
Recruiting
A Multicenter Study to Evaluate Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Testing and Monitoring of B-Cell Recovery to Guide Management Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CART) Induced Remission in Children and Young Adults With B Lineage Acute Lymph...
B-All, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Active, not recruiting
Online Written Imagery Rescripting for Shame and Negative Self-Cognitions in Malaysian Adults With Childhood Emotional Neglect
Shame, Childhood Emotional Neglect
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Giuseppe Andreoni principal investigator
IRCCS E.Medea
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Children, Adult and Motor Disorders, run by IRCCS Eugenio Medea at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Absolute Error (time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Feb 2026.