Cervical PainNCT06571253
Comparison of Online and Paper-Based Exercise Efficacy in Forward Head Posture
A study testing Digital Exercise Intervention and Paper-Based Exercise Intervention in people with Cervical Pain, run by Medipol University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Proper posture is a musculoskeletal balance that minimizes stress on the body and is a key component of orthopedic physical examination. Poor posture, including forward head posture (FHP) and round shoulders, can develop as early as puberty and is exacerbated by prolonged use of smartphones and visual display… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Cervical Pain
- What is being tested?
- Digital Exercise Intervention and Paper-Based Exercise Intervention
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2023to 1 Jun 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- participants aged 18-35 years,
- possessing internet access,
- exhibiting a forward head posture (CVA < 50°)
Who cannot join
- participants under 18 or over 35 years of age,
- lacking internet access,
- having a history of head, neck, and shoulder injuries.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Istanbul Medipol University
Istanbul, Kavacık, 34815
About this study
Official title: The Comparison of the Efficacy of Online Exercise Prescriptions Delivered Via the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform and Conventional Paper-Based Exercises in Individuals with Forward Head Posture
Proper posture is a musculoskeletal balance that minimizes stress on the body and is a key component of orthopedic physical examination. Poor posture, including forward head posture (FHP) and round shoulders, can develop as early as puberty and is exacerbated by prolonged use of smartphones and visual display terminals (VDT), leading to neck and shoulder fatigue and degenerative spine changes. FHP, a common postural issue in the sagittal plane, is associated with thoracic hyperkyphosis and can negatively impact respiratory function by reducing thoracic expansion and lung capacity. FHP also contributes to various musculoskeletal issues, such as temporomandibular disorders, myofascial pain syndrome, and cervicogenic headaches, by increasing biomechanical strain on the posterior neck muscles. Kendall and colleagues describe FHP as a forward positioning of the head, with shortened neck extensors and weakened anterior vertebral neck flexors, leading to muscle fiber damage over time. FHP can be measured using methods like craniovertebral angle (CVA), which is a reliable indicator of FHP severity. Exercise therapy, including strengthening, stretching, and proprioceptive exercises, is recommended to correct FHP and improve postural alignment, potentially enhanced by scapular stabilization exercises. The rise of telehealth presents a promising avenue for treating FHP through accessible and effective telerehabilitation methods. This study aimed to compare the effects of a 6-week home exercise program implemented via the Fiziu digital exercise platform and a traditional paper-based program on FHP and to compare the results between the two groups.
Read the detailed description
This study aimed to compare the effects of a corrective exercise program delivered via the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform with those delivered through a paper-based exercise program on volunteers with forward head posture (FHP). The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of these programs on joint range of motion (ROM) and craniocervical angle (CVA) in individuals with FHP and to assess the therapeutic efficacy of a consistent exercise regimen. Additionally, the study sought to determine whether there were differences in outcomes between the digital and paper-based methods, particularly in terms of usability and efficiency.
The study utilized an experimental research design, involving a total of 40 participants, with 20 receiving exercises via the Fiziu platform and 20 following paper-based programs. The intervention lasted six weeks, during which time participants' cervical flexion/extension, lateral flexion (right and left), and rotation (right and left) were measured using a goniometer. The CVA, which represents the angle between the head and the cervical region, was also measured, alongside neck function assessed by the Neck Disability Index (NDI).
Measurements were conducted in a seated position. For cervical flexion and extension, the goniometer's fixed arm was aligned vertically with the floor, with the central point on the C7 vertebra's spinous process. The movable arm was positioned at the external auditory meatus. Participants were instructed to perform maximum flexion and extension movements, and the final angle was recorded. Lateral flexion was measured by placing the goniometer's pivot point on C7, the fixed arm parallel to the floor, and the movable arm aligned with the external occipital protuberance. Participants were asked to bring their ears toward their shoulders, and the final angle was noted. Cervical rotation was measured by placing the goniometer on the vertex of the head, with the fixed arm parallel to the floor and aligned with the nose, and the movable arm following the tip of the nose. Participants rotated their heads to the right and left, and the final angles were recorded.
For CVA measurement, participants maintained a neutral neck position. The goniometer's pivot point was placed on C7, with the fixed arm parallel to the floor and the movable arm aligned with the tragus of the ear. The angle between these two points was recorded.
The NDI was used to measure neck function, which evaluates a person's capacity to perform daily tasks across ten categories: pain intensity, lifting, concentration, reading, headaches, self-care, driving, work, sleep, and recreation. Each category is scored from 0 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater disability.
All measurements were repeated at the end of the study to assess the effectiveness of the interventions.
Inclusion criteria were as follows: participants aged 18-35 years, possessing internet access, and exhibiting a forward head posture (CVA < 50°). Exclusion criteria included: participants under 18 or over 35 years of age, lacking internet access, or having a history of head, neck, or shoulder injuries or surgeries.
The results demonstrated that both the digital and paper-based exercise programs effectively improved joint ROM and CVA in participants with FHP. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of their impact on CVA. Despite this, the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform was found to be more user-friendly and efficient compared to the traditional paper-based method, suggesting that digital platforms may offer a practical alternative for delivering therapeutic exercises, especially in telemedicine contexts.
This study fills a gap in the literature by providing insights into the effectiveness of digital exercise platforms for managing FHP, contributing to the broader discussion on the use of new technologies in physical therapy and rehabilitation.
- Conditions
- Cervical Pain
- Being tested
- Digital Exercise Intervention, Paper-Based Exercise Intervention
- Medical subject headings
- Neck Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Digital Exercise InterventionBehavioural
Participants in this intervention arm used the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform. This digital platform provided a structured 6-week corrective exercise program through visual and auditory-guided videos. The intervention included interactive features such as reminders and progress tracking to enhance adherence and engagement.
Paper-Based Exercise InterventionBehavioural
Participants in this intervention arm followed a traditional paper-based exercise program. This included printed exercise instructions and illustrations for a 6-week period. The program was designed to mimic standard physical therapy exercises without digital support.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform Arm | Experimental | Participants in this arm received a 6-week corrective exercise program delivered via the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform. The program included guided exercise videos, visual and auditory instructions, and automated reminders to ensure adherence. This arm was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital exercise delivery in improving forward head posture (FHP). Receives: Behavioral: Digital Exercise Intervention |
| Paper-Based Exercise Program Arm | Experimental | Participants in this arm followed a traditional paper-based exercise program for 6 weeks. The program included written instructions and images illustrating the exercises. This arm served as a comparison to evaluate the effectiveness of the traditional exercise delivery method against the digital platform. Receives: Behavioral: Paper-Based Exercise Intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Cervical Joint Range of Motion (ROM)
The range of motion of the cervical spine will be measured in flexion, extension, lateral flexion (both right and left), and rotation (both right and left) using a goniometer. These measurements assess improvements in the mobility of the neck, which is directly affected by forward head posture (FHP).
Measured: 6 weeks
Craniocervical Angle (CVA)
The craniocervical angle, defined as the angle between the horizontal line through the external auditory meatus and the line through the 7th cervical vertebra (C7), will be measured using a goniometer. This angle provides an indicator of the severity of FHP.
Measured: 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Aug 2024
- Study start1 Mar 2023
- Primary completion15 Apr 2023
- Study completion1 Jun 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cervical PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Medipol UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Screening
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This clinical trial employed a randomized controlled design to investigate the effects of a corrective exercise program delivered via the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform compared to a paper-based exercise program on forward head posture (FHP) in a cohort of adult volunteers.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Medipol University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Seda GÖZENER CANBÜLBÜL, Medipol University
- Investigators
- Seda Gözener Canbülbül, PhD(c), Principal investigator, İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Kavacık Güney Kampüs
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06571253
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- İMU-SEDAGOZENER-003
- Status last verified
- Sep 2024
- First submitted
- 22 Aug 2024
- Last updated
- 19 Sep 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Shaghayegh Fard B, Ahmadi A, Maroufi N, Sarrafzadeh J. Evaluation of forward head posture in sitting and standing positions. Eur Spine J. 2016 Nov;25(11):3577-3582. doi: 10.1007/s00586-015-4254-x. Epub 2015 Oct 17.
PubMed 26476717Mylonas K, Tsekoura M, Billis E, Aggelopoulos P, Tsepis E, Fousekis K. Reliability and Validity of Non-radiographic Methods of Forward Head Posture Measurement: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2022 Aug 5;14(8):e27696. doi: 10.7759/cureus.27696. eCollection 2022 Aug.
PubMed 35935117Jung SI, Lee NK, Kang KW, Kim K, Lee DY. The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Jan;28(1):186-9. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.186. Epub 2016 Jan 30.
PubMed 26957754Szeto GP, Lee R. An ergonomic evaluation comparing desktop, notebook, and subnotebook computers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 Apr;83(4):527-32. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2002.30627.
PubMed 11932856Smithwick W 3rd, Gertner HR Jr, Zuidema GD. Injection of Hypaque (sodium diatrizoate) in the management of abdominal stab wounds. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1968 Dec;127(6):1215-24. No abstract available.
PubMed 5727966van der Torn M, Thuma PE, Mabeza GF, Biemba G, Moyo VM, McLaren CE, Brittenham GM, Gordeuk VR. Loading dose of quinine in African children with cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1998 May-Jun;92(3):325-31. doi: 10.1016/s0035-9203(98)91032-x.
PubMed 9861410Mininni N. [The ethics of appropriateness and the appropriateness of ethics. Comments on a current topic of which we know little and which we discuss even less]. Ital Heart J Suppl. 2000 Apr;1(4):543-6. Italian.
PubMed 10832142
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Sep 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Comparison of the Efficacy of Online Exercise Prescriptions Delivered Via the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform and Conventional Paper-Based Exercises in Individuals with Forward Head Posture
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06571253
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- İMU-SEDAGOZENER-003
- Conditions
- Cervical Pain
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Medipol UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Apr 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Proper posture is a musculoskeletal balance that minimizes stress on the body and is a key component of orthopedic physical examination. Poor posture, including forward head posture (FHP) and round shoulders, can develop as early as puberty and is exacerbated by prolonged use of smartphones and visual display terminals (VDT), leading to neck and shoulder fatigue and degenerative spine changes. FHP, a common postural issue in the sagittal plane, is associated with thoracic hyperkyphosis and can negatively impact respiratory function by reducing thoracic expansion and lung capacity. FHP also contributes to various musculoskeletal issues, such as temporomandibular disorders, myofascial pain syndrome, and cervicogenic headaches, by increasing biomechanical strain on the posterior neck muscles. Kendall and colleagues describe FHP as a forward positioning of the head, with shortened neck extensors and weakened anterior vertebral neck flexors, leading to muscle fiber damage over time. FHP can be measured using methods like craniovertebral angle (CVA), which is a reliable indicator of FHP severity. Exercise therapy, including strengthening, stretching, and proprioceptive exercises, is recommended to correct FHP and improve postural alignment, potentially enhanced by scapular stabilization exercises. The rise of telehealth presents a promising avenue for treating FHP through accessible and effective telerehabilitation methods. This study aimed to compare the effects of a 6-week home exercise program implemented via the Fiziu digital exercise platform and a traditional paper-based program on FHP and to compare the results between the two groups.
Detailed description
This study aimed to compare the effects of a corrective exercise program delivered via the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform with those delivered through a paper-based exercise program on volunteers with forward head posture (FHP). The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of these programs on joint range of motion (ROM) and craniocervical angle (CVA) in individuals with FHP and to assess the therapeutic efficacy of a consistent exercise regimen. Additionally, the study sought to determine whether there were differences in outcomes between the digital and paper-based methods, particularly in terms of usability and efficiency.
The study utilized an experimental research design, involving a total of 40 participants, with 20 receiving exercises via the Fiziu platform and 20 following paper-based programs. The intervention lasted six weeks, during which time participants' cervical flexion/extension, lateral flexion (right and left), and rotation (right and left) were measured using a goniometer. The CVA, which represents the angle between the head and the cervical region, was also measured, alongside neck function assessed by the Neck Disability Index (NDI).
Measurements were conducted in a seated position. For cervical flexion and extension, the goniometer's fixed arm was aligned vertically with the floor, with the central point on the C7 vertebra's spinous process. The movable arm was positioned at the external auditory meatus. Participants were instructed to perform maximum flexion and extension movements, and the final angle was recorded. Lateral flexion was measured by placing the goniometer's pivot point on C7, the fixed arm parallel to the floor, and the movable arm aligned with the external occipital protuberance. Participants were asked to bring their ears toward their shoulders, and the final angle was noted. Cervical rotation was measured by placing the goniometer on the vertex of the head, with the fixed arm parallel to the floor and aligned with the nose, and the movable arm following the tip of the nose. Participants rotated their heads to the right and left, and the final angles were recorded.
For CVA measurement, participants maintained a neutral neck position. The goniometer's pivot point was placed on C7, with the fixed arm parallel to the floor and the movable arm aligned with the tragus of the ear. The angle between these two points was recorded.
The NDI was used to measure neck function, which evaluates a person's capacity to perform daily tasks across ten categories: pain intensity, lifting, concentration, reading, headaches, self-care, driving, work, sleep, and recreation. Each category is scored from 0 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater disability.
All measurements were repeated at the end of the study to assess the effectiveness of the interventions.
Inclusion criteria were as follows: participants aged 18-35 years, possessing internet access, and exhibiting a forward head posture (CVA < 50°). Exclusion criteria included: participants under 18 or over 35 years of age, lacking internet access, or having a history of head, neck, or shoulder injuries or surgeries.
The results demonstrated that both the digital and paper-based exercise programs effectively improved joint ROM and CVA in participants with FHP. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of their impact on CVA. Despite this, the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform was found to be more user-friendly and efficient compared to the traditional paper-based method, suggesting that digital platforms may offer a practical alternative for delivering therapeutic exercises, especially in telemedicine contexts.
This study fills a gap in the literature by providing insights into the effectiveness of digital exercise platforms for managing FHP, contributing to the broader discussion on the use of new technologies in physical therapy and rehabilitation.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Screening
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This clinical trial employed a randomized controlled design to investigate the effects of a corrective exercise program delivered via the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform compared to a paper-based exercise program on forward head posture (FHP) in a cohort of adult volunteers.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform Arm | Experimental | Behavioral: Digital Exercise InterventionParticipants in this arm received a 6-week corrective exercise program delivered via the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform. The program included guided exercise videos, visual and auditory instructions, and automated reminders to ensure adherence. This arm was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital exercise delivery in improving forward head posture (FHP). |
| Paper-Based Exercise Program Arm | Experimental | Behavioral: Paper-Based Exercise InterventionParticipants in this arm followed a traditional paper-based exercise program for 6 weeks. The program included written instructions and images illustrating the exercises. This arm served as a comparison to evaluate the effectiveness of the traditional exercise delivery method against the digital platform. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- participants aged 18-35 years,
- possessing internet access,
- exhibiting a forward head posture (CVA < 50°)
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- participants under 18 or over 35 years of age,
- lacking internet access,
- having a history of head, neck, and shoulder injuries.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Digital Exercise InterventionParticipants in this intervention arm used the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform. This digital platform provided a structured 6-week corrective exercise program through visual and auditory-guided videos. The intervention included interactive features such as reminders and progress tracking to enhance adherence and engagement. | Behavioural | Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform Arm |
| Paper-Based Exercise InterventionParticipants in this intervention arm followed a traditional paper-based exercise program. This included printed exercise instructions and illustrations for a 6-week period. The program was designed to mimic standard physical therapy exercises without digital support. | Behavioural | Paper-Based Exercise Program Arm |
Primary outcome
Cervical Joint Range of Motion (ROM)
Time frame: 6 weeks
The range of motion of the cervical spine will be measured in flexion, extension, lateral flexion (both right and left), and rotation (both right and left) using a goniometer. These measurements assess improvements in the mobility of the neck, which is directly affected by forward head posture (FHP).
Craniocervical Angle (CVA)
Time frame: 6 weeks
The craniocervical angle, defined as the angle between the horizontal line through the external auditory meatus and the line through the 7th cervical vertebra (C7), will be measured using a goniometer. This angle provides an indicator of the severity of FHP.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Sep 2024.
- Background: PubMed 26476717Shaghayegh Fard B, Ahmadi A, Maroufi N, Sarrafzadeh J. Evaluation of forward head posture in sitting and standing positions. Eur Spine J. 2016 Nov;25(11):3577-3582. doi: 10.1007/s00586-015-4254-x. Epub 2015 Oct 17.
- Background: PubMed 35935117Mylonas K, Tsekoura M, Billis E, Aggelopoulos P, Tsepis E, Fousekis K. Reliability and Validity of Non-radiographic Methods of Forward Head Posture Measurement: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2022 Aug 5;14(8):e27696. doi: 10.7759/cureus.27696. eCollection 2022 Aug.
- Background: PubMed 26957754Jung SI, Lee NK, Kang KW, Kim K, Lee DY. The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Jan;28(1):186-9. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.186. Epub 2016 Jan 30.
- Background: PubMed 11932856Szeto GP, Lee R. An ergonomic evaluation comparing desktop, notebook, and subnotebook computers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 Apr;83(4):527-32. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2002.30627.
- Background: PubMed 5727966Smithwick W 3rd, Gertner HR Jr, Zuidema GD. Injection of Hypaque (sodium diatrizoate) in the management of abdominal stab wounds. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1968 Dec;127(6):1215-24. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 9861410van der Torn M, Thuma PE, Mabeza GF, Biemba G, Moyo VM, McLaren CE, Brittenham GM, Gordeuk VR. Loading dose of quinine in African children with cerebral malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1998 May-Jun;92(3):325-31. doi: 10.1016/s0035-9203(98)91032-x.
- Background: PubMed 10832142Mininni N. [The ethics of appropriateness and the appropriateness of ethics. Comments on a current topic of which we know little and which we discuss even less]. Ital Heart J Suppl. 2000 Apr;1(4):543-6. Italian.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Seda Gözener Canbülbül, PhD(c) principal investigator
İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Kavacık Güney Kampüs
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Digital Exercise Intervention and Paper-Based Exercise Intervention in people with Cervical Pain, run by Medipol University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Sep 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Cervical Joint Range of Motion (ROM) (time frame: 6 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06571253, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Sep 2024.