NursesNCT06572202
Effectiveness of Positive Psychological Intervention on Resilience Improvement in Nurses
A study testing Positive Psychology Intervention in people with Nurses and Resilience, Psychological, run by Fitria Endah Janitra at 1 site in Indonesia.
Trial summary
The nursing profession, comprising over 27.9 million individuals and representing 59% of the health sector, plays a critical role in frontline healthcare globally. However, nurses face significant workplace stress due to factors like high mortality rates and ethical dilemmas, which can negatively impact their mental… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 60 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nurses, Resilience, Psychological, Positive Psychology
- What is being tested?
- Positive Psychology Intervention
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIndonesia
- Study dates
- 9 Oct 2024to 20 May 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 60 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- registered nurses working in clinical settings
- minimum of one year of work experience as a nurse
- availability to participate in the intervention and follow-up assessments.
Who cannot join
- Recent exposure to severe illness, trauma, or major life events in the past three months,
- having suffered a major traumatic event in the past 6 months,
- currently undergoing other forms of psychological treatment or counseling.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Indonesia1 site
Sultan Agung Islamic Teaching Hospital
Semarang, Central Java
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of Positive Psychological Intervention on Resilience Improvement in Nurses: A Randomised Controlled Trial
The nursing profession, comprising over 27.9 million individuals and representing 59% of the health sector, plays a critical role in frontline healthcare globally. However, nurses face significant workplace stress due to factors like high mortality rates and ethical dilemmas, which can negatively impact their mental health. Resilience has emerged as a crucial concept in mitigating workplace stress and protecting nurses' psychological well-being. Studies show a negative correlation between stress and resilience, with higher resilience linked to better psychological outcomes and lower rates of burnout. Resilience, a dynamic process of positive adaptation to stress, can be enhanced through interventions like positive psychology, which focuses on developing traits such as perseverance, interpersonal skills, and emotional stability. These interventions have been shown to reduce burnout, improve job satisfaction, and potentially enhance patient care, making them vital in addressing the unique challenges nurses face.
Gap of Knowledge:
Read more
Although existing research has demonstrated the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions in reducing depression, anxiety, burnout, and stress among healthcare workers, including nurses, there is a need for more targeted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that specifically address the unique stressors and work environments of nurses. Furthermore, the long-term effects of these interventions on nurses' resilience, stress, burnout, and job satisfaction require further exploration through well-designed RCTs.
Research Aims and Hypothesis:
The present study aims to
- evaluate whether a positive psychology intervention, based on evidence-based activities from several positive psychology theories, can improve resilience in nurses, and
- assess whether this intervention can also enhance stress levels, reduce burnout, and improve job satisfaction among nurses.
The hypotheses are:
- the positive psychology intervention will improve nurses' resilience;
- the intervention will positively impact stress, burnout, and job satisfaction; and
- it will be more effective for nurses with low resilience in improving these outcomes.
- Conditions
- Nurses, Resilience, Psychological, Positive Psychology
- Being tested
- Positive Psychology Intervention
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Positive Psychology InterventionBehavioural
The 14-session intervention program is designed to enhance various internal resiliency factors. It begins with an orientation to positive psychology and setting group guidelines. Cognitive resilience is developed through identifying personal and signature strengths, reappraising memories, and learning savoring techniques. Emotional resilience is strengthened by focusing on forgiveness, managing decision fatigue, and fostering positive communication. Spiritual resilience is cultivated through gratitude practices and exploring hope and optimism. Behavioral resilience is addressed by recognizing strengths in others and engaging in altruism. The final session integrates all these elements to promote lasting positive changes in engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishments. Mid-session feedback ensures the program's effectiveness and responsiveness to participants' needs.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Positive Psychology Intervention | Experimental | The experimental group will receive multicomponent of positive psychology intervention with the specific domain related to resilience enhancement in nurses Ciarrochi et al. (2022). The program consists of five resilience domains/ six positive psychology virtues in fourteen sessions. Each session will take 60 minutes, two sessions per week. The program will last for seven weeks, followed by posttest immediately after intervention, 3-months, and 6-months follow up. Receives: Behavioral: Positive Psychology Intervention |
| Control group | No intervention | The control group will not receive intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Resilience
Resilience will be measure with the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The CD-RISC was developed in the United States to measure individuals' ability to cope effectively when faced with adversity (Connor \& Davidson, 2003). The revised scale includes 25 items and three dimensions (tenacity, strength, and optimism). Each item is rated on a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (almost always). The Cronbach's alpha value for the CDRISC 25 has been reported to be 0.91 in a study on a sample of nurses (Arias González et al., 2015).
Measured: pre-test, immediately after intervention, 3 months follow-up, 6 months follow-up
Secondary outcomes (4)
Stress
Stress will be measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The PSS-10 is a 10-item questionnaire that is widely used to assess stress levels in young people and adults aged 12 and above. The Cronbach's alpha value for the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) in nurses has been reported to be 0.93 in a study in South Africa (Engelbrecht, 2022). Items are rated on a 5-point scale from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Positively worded items are reverse scored before summation, producing a total score ranging from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress.
Measured: pre-test, immediately after intervention, 3 months follow-up, 6 months follow-up
Depression
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 is a nine-item self-report tool that is used to screen for the presence and severity of depression. Each item is scored from 0 to 3, providing a total score ranging from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater severity of depressive symptoms. The Cronbach's alpha for the PHQ-9 has been reported to be 0.89 in a study by Kroenke et al. (2001).
Measured: pre-test, immediately after intervention, 3 months follow-up, 6 months follow-up
Burnout
Burnout will be measure with The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). MBI is a psychological assessment instrument that measures burnout as a continuum on three different dimensions: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and reduced Personal Accomplishment. The MBI is considered the "gold standard" for measuring burnout. The Cronbach's alpha value for the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in nurses has been reported to range from 0.70 to 0.90, indicating good internal consistency and reliability (Trigo et al., 2018).
Measured: pre-test, immediately after intervention, 3 months follow-up, 6 months follow-up
Work performance
Work performance will be measured by the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ). The IWPQ assesses individual work performance across three dimensions: task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behavior. This questionnaire includes items that evaluate how well nurses plan and execute their work, their willingness to help colleagues and take on additional responsibilities, and their ability to avoid counterproductive behaviors. Items are rated on a 5-point response scale. The IWPQ is known for its reliability, with Cronbach's alpha values typically ranging from 0.70 to 0.85 across different dimensions, making it a dependable tool for measuring work performance.
Measured: pre-test, immediately after intervention, 3 months follow-up, 6 months follow-up
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Aug 2024
- Study start9 Oct 2024
- Primary completion20 May 2025
- Study completion20 May 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for NursesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Fitria Endah Janitra
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Fitria Endah Janitra, Taipei Medical University
- Investigators
- Fitria Endah Janitra, Principal investigator, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06572202
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FRESPP2024
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 22 Aug 2024
- Last updated
- 2 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Silva Ddos S, Tavares NV, Alexandre AR, Freitas DA, Breda MZ, Albuquerque MC, Melo VL. [Depression and suicide risk among nursing professionals: an integrative review]. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2015 Dec;49(6):1027-36. doi: 10.1590/S0080-623420150000600020. Portuguese.
PubMed 27419688Aqtam I, Ayed A, Toqan D, Salameh B, Abd Elhay ES, Zaben K, Mohammad Shouli M. The Relationship Between Stress and Resilience of Nurses in Intensive Care Units During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Inquiry. 2023 Jan-Dec;60:469580231179876. doi: 10.1177/00469580231179876.
PubMed 37278278Mealer M, Jones J, Newman J, McFann KK, Rothbaum B, Moss M. The presence of resilience is associated with a healthier psychological profile in intensive care unit (ICU) nurses: results of a national survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2012 Mar;49(3):292-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.09.015. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
PubMed 21974793Janitra FE, Jen HJ, Chu H, Chen R, Pien LC, Liu D, Lai YJ, Banda KJ, Lee TY, Lin HC, Chang CY, Chou KR. Global prevalence of low resilience among the general population and health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2023 Jul 1;332:29-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.077. Epub 2023 Mar 31.
PubMed 37004902
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Positive Psychological Intervention on Resilience Improvement in Nurses: A Randomised Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06572202
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FRESPP2024
- Conditions
- Nurses, Resilience, Psychological, Positive Psychology
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Fitria Endah JanitraUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 9 Oct 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 May 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 May 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The nursing profession, comprising over 27.9 million individuals and representing 59% of the health sector, plays a critical role in frontline healthcare globally. However, nurses face significant workplace stress due to factors like high mortality rates and ethical dilemmas, which can negatively impact their mental health. Resilience has emerged as a crucial concept in mitigating workplace stress and protecting nurses' psychological well-being. Studies show a negative correlation between stress and resilience, with higher resilience linked to better psychological outcomes and lower rates of burnout. Resilience, a dynamic process of positive adaptation to stress, can be enhanced through interventions like positive psychology, which focuses on developing traits such as perseverance, interpersonal skills, and emotional stability. These interventions have been shown to reduce burnout, improve job satisfaction, and potentially enhance patient care, making them vital in addressing the unique challenges nurses face.
Gap of Knowledge:
Although existing research has demonstrated the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions in reducing depression, anxiety, burnout, and stress among healthcare workers, including nurses, there is a need for more targeted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that specifically address the unique stressors and work environments of nurses. Furthermore, the long-term effects of these interventions on nurses' resilience, stress, burnout, and job satisfaction require further exploration through well-designed RCTs.
Research Aims and Hypothesis:
The present study aims to
- evaluate whether a positive psychology intervention, based on evidence-based activities from several positive psychology theories, can improve resilience in nurses, and
- assess whether this intervention can also enhance stress levels, reduce burnout, and improve job satisfaction among nurses.
The hypotheses are:
- the positive psychology intervention will improve nurses' resilience;
- the intervention will positively impact stress, burnout, and job satisfaction; and
- it will be more effective for nurses with low resilience in improving these outcomes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Positive Psychology Intervention | Experimental | Behavioral: Positive Psychology InterventionThe experimental group will receive multicomponent of positive psychology intervention with the specific domain related to resilience enhancement in nurses Ciarrochi et al. (2022). The program consists of five resilience domains/ six positive psychology virtues in fourteen sessions. Each session will take 60 minutes, two sessions per week. The program will last for seven weeks, followed by posttest immediately after intervention, 3-months, and 6-months follow up. |
| Control group | No intervention | –The control group will not receive intervention |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- registered nurses working in clinical settings
- minimum of one year of work experience as a nurse
- availability to participate in the intervention and follow-up assessments.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Recent exposure to severe illness, trauma, or major life events in the past three months,
- having suffered a major traumatic event in the past 6 months,
- currently undergoing other forms of psychological treatment or counseling.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Positive Psychology InterventionThe 14-session intervention program is designed to enhance various internal resiliency factors. It begins with an orientation to positive psychology and setting group guidelines. Cognitive resilience is developed through identifying personal and signature strengths, reappraising memories, and learning savoring techniques. Emotional resilience is strengthened by focusing on forgiveness, managing decision fatigue, and fostering positive communication. Spiritual resilience is cultivated through gratitude practices and exploring hope and optimism. Behavioral resilience is addressed by recognizing strengths in others and engaging in altruism. The final session integrates all these elements to promote lasting positive changes in engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishments. Mid-session feedback ensures the program's effectiveness and responsiveness to participants' needs. | Behavioural | Positive Psychology Intervention |
Primary outcome
Resilience
Time frame: pre-test, immediately after intervention, 3 months follow-up, 6 months follow-up
Resilience will be measure with the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The CD-RISC was developed in the United States to measure individuals' ability to cope effectively when faced with adversity (Connor \& Davidson, 2003). The revised scale includes 25 items and three dimensions (tenacity, strength, and optimism). Each item is rated on a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (almost always). The Cronbach's alpha value for the CDRISC 25 has been reported to be 0.91 in a study on a sample of nurses (Arias González et al., 2015).
4 secondary outcomes
Stress
Time frame: pre-test, immediately after intervention, 3 months follow-up, 6 months follow-up
Depression
Time frame: pre-test, immediately after intervention, 3 months follow-up, 6 months follow-up
Burnout
Time frame: pre-test, immediately after intervention, 3 months follow-up, 6 months follow-up
Work performance
Time frame: pre-test, immediately after intervention, 3 months follow-up, 6 months follow-up
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Sep 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 27419688Silva Ddos S, Tavares NV, Alexandre AR, Freitas DA, Breda MZ, Albuquerque MC, Melo VL. [Depression and suicide risk among nursing professionals: an integrative review]. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2015 Dec;49(6):1027-36. doi: 10.1590/S0080-623420150000600020. Portuguese.
- Results publication: PubMed 37278278Aqtam I, Ayed A, Toqan D, Salameh B, Abd Elhay ES, Zaben K, Mohammad Shouli M. The Relationship Between Stress and Resilience of Nurses in Intensive Care Units During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Inquiry. 2023 Jan-Dec;60:469580231179876. doi: 10.1177/00469580231179876.
- Results publication: PubMed 21974793Mealer M, Jones J, Newman J, McFann KK, Rothbaum B, Moss M. The presence of resilience is associated with a healthier psychological profile in intensive care unit (ICU) nurses: results of a national survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2012 Mar;49(3):292-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.09.015. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
- Results publication: PubMed 37004902Janitra FE, Jen HJ, Chu H, Chen R, Pien LC, Liu D, Lai YJ, Banda KJ, Lee TY, Lin HC, Chang CY, Chou KR. Global prevalence of low resilience among the general population and health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2023 Jul 1;332:29-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.077. Epub 2023 Mar 31.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Fitria Endah Janitra principal investigator
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Positive Psychology Intervention in people with Nurses and Resilience, Psychological, run by Fitria Endah Janitra at 1 site in Indonesia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Indonesia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Resilience (time frame: pre-test, immediately after intervention, 3 months follow-up, 6 months follow-up). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06572202, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Sep 2026.