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AzTrials

Smartphone AddictionNCT06598774

Cervical Parameters and Body Awareness in Relation to Smartphone Addiction

An observational study of Smartphone Addiction, run by Nagihan Acet at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The study was planned as a observational, cross-sectional study Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Smartphone Addiction
What is being tested?
Assessment of head posture:, Assessment of Cervical Pain Pressure Threshold and Assessment of general cervical mobility
How many people
40 participants
Where
1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
Study dates
18 Sep 2024to 18 Dec 2024
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 25 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult

Study population: The study population consists of smartphone users aged between 18 and 25.

Who may be able to join

  • being a smartphone user
  • being between the ages of 18 and 25

Who cannot join

  • neck pain
  • radicular pain
  • neurological symptoms
  • cervical surgery or cervical trauma

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Turkey (Türkiye)1 site

  • Atılım University

    Ankara

Other trials in Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Official title: Does Smartphone Addiction Affect Cervical Spine Mobility, Head Posture, Body Awareness, and Pain Pressure Threshold?

The study was planned as a observational, cross-sectional study

Being tested
Assessment of head posture:, Assessment of Cervical Pain Pressure Threshold, Assessment of general cervical mobility, Assessment of upper cervical mobility, Assessment of Body Awareness
Keywords
Smartphone, Cervical vertebrae, Range of motion, Pain
Medical subject headings
Internet Addiction Disorder, Pain

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Assessment of head posture:Other

    Head posture was assessed using photographic methods and craniovertebral angle

  • Assessment of Cervical Pain Pressure ThresholdOther

    The cervical PPTs were assessed using a mechanical pressure algometer (Baseline Force Gauge Model 12-0304; Baseline, NY, USA).

  • Assessment of general cervical mobilityOther

    Cervical mobility was assessed using the CROM (Cervical Range of Motion) deluxe device.

  • Assessment of upper cervical mobilityOther

    It will be assessed using the CROM device and the flexion-rotation test.

  • Assessment of Body AwarenessOther

    Body awareness will be assessed using a questionnaire designed to determine normal or abnormal sensitivity levels in body composition.

Study groups in NCT06598774
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Smartphone addiction groupParticipants with smartphone addiction
Receives: Other: Assessment of head posture:; Other: Assessment of Cervical Pain Pressure Threshold; Other: Assessment of general cervical mobility; Other: Assessment of upper cervical mobility; Other: Assessment of Body Awareness
Control GroupParticipants without smarthone addiction
Receives: Other: Assessment of head posture:; Other: Assessment of Cervical Pain Pressure Threshold; Other: Assessment of general cervical mobility; Other: Assessment of upper cervical mobility; Other: Assessment of Body Awareness

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Assessment of Body Awareness

    Body awareness will be assessed using a questionnaire designed to determine normal or abnormal sensitivity levels in body composition. The questionnaire consists of four subgroups: 1) Changes in body processes, 2) Sleep-wake cycle, 3) Prediction of disease onset, and 4) Prediction of body responses, with a total of 18 items. Participants were asked to rate each item using a scale from 1 to 7. It has a minimum score of 18 and a maximum score of 126, with higher scores indicating greater body awareness. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire have been reported to be high.

    Measured: Day 1

  2. Assessment of head posture

    Head posture will be assessed using photographic methods and craniovertebral angle. The craniovertebral angle is calculated as the angle between a horizontal line passing through C7 and a line extending from the tragus of the ear to C7 [23]. An angle less than 49 degrees indicates an anterior head position.

    Measured: Day 1

  3. Assessment of Cervical Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT)

    The cervical PPTs will be assessed using a mechanical pressure algometer (Baseline Force Gauge Model 12-0304; Baseline, NY, USA). A force will be applied perpendicularly to a 0.5 cm² area at an approximate rate of 3 N/s. While the patient is seated, pressure is applied at the midpoint of the upper trapezius muscle, and 2 cm lateral to the C2 spinous process bilaterally [25]. For each area, two measurements are taken at intervals, and the average of these measurements is calculated to determine the final value.

    Measured: Day 1

  4. Assessment of general cervical mobility

    Cervical mobility will assessed using the CROM (Cervical Range of Motion) deluxe device, developed by the University of Minnesota. The CROM is an inclinometer system that utilizes gravity and magnetic effects [26]. It is validated for accuracy and reliability. The device consists of two fixed inclinometers for the sagittal and frontal planes, a horizontal inclinometer with a magnetic needle mounted on the top of the device, a magnetic neck brace, a scale-equipped arm with a ruler mounted on the top, and a vertebra locator arm with a weighing system.

    Measured: Day 1

  5. Assessment of upper cervical mobility

    The CROM device is securely attached to the participant\'s head while they lay supine on a treatment table. The evaluator asks the participant to relax while the neck is brought to its maximum cervical flexion. In the full flexion position, the head and neck are passively rotated as far as possible within the limits of comfortable pain or physiological stiffness. The procedure is repeated twice on each side with a 30-second rest between tests. The sensitivity of the flexion-rotation test was found to be 91%, its specificity 90%, and its overall diagnostic accuracy 91% . The cervical flexion-rotation test is an important tool in identifying movement impairment at the C1/2 segment and can be used accurately and reliably even by inexperienced examiners.

    Measured: Day 1

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted19 Sep 2024
  2. Study start18 Sep 2024
  3. Primary completion18 Nov 2024
  4. Study completion18 Dec 2024

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Other
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrolment
40 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06598774
Sponsor's protocol ID
Atılım Üniversitesi
Status last verified
Nov 2025
First submitted
12 Sep 2024
Last updated
25 Nov 2025
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Undecided

Publications

  • Sarraf F, Varmazyar S. Comparing the effect of the posture of using smartphones on head and neck angles among college students. Ergonomics. 2022 Dec;65(12):1631-1638. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2047229. Epub 2022 May 4.

    PubMed 35199629

  • Ruivo RM, Pezarat-Correia P, Carita AI. Cervical and shoulder postural assessment of adolescents between 15 and 17 years old and association with upper quadrant pain. Braz J Phys Ther. 2014 Jul-Aug;18(4):364-71. doi: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0027. Epub 2014 Jul 18.

    PubMed 25054381

  • Hanten WP, Lucio RM, Russell JL, Brunt D. Assessment of total head excursion and resting head posture. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1991 Oct;72(11):877-80. doi: 10.1016/0003-9993(91)90003-2.

    PubMed 1929804

  • Braun BL, Amundson LR. Quantitative assessment of head and shoulder posture. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989 Apr;70(4):322-9.

    PubMed 2930348

  • Niewiadomski C, Bianco RJ, Afquir S, Evin M, Arnoux PJ. Experimental assessment of cervical ranges of motion and compensatory strategies. Chiropr Man Therap. 2019 Jan 22;27:9. doi: 10.1186/s12998-018-0223-x. eCollection 2019.

    PubMed 30680090

  • Mehling WE, Gopisetty V, Daubenmier J, Price CJ, Hecht FM, Stewart A. Body awareness: construct and self-report measures. PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5614. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005614. Epub 2009 May 19.

    PubMed 19440300

  • Karaca, S., Vücut farkındalığı anketinin Türkçe uyarlaması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Muğla, 2017.

  • Jung SI, Lee NK, Kang KW, Kim K, Lee DY. The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Jan;28(1):186-9. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.186. Epub 2016 Jan 30.

    PubMed 26957754

  • AlZarea, B.K. and S.R. Patil, Mobile phone head and neck pain syndrome: proposal of a new entity. Headache, 2015. 251(63): p. 313-317.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Smartphone Addiction, run by Nagihan Acet at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Assessment of Body Awareness (time frame: Day 1). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06598774, which also lists 9 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Nov 2025.

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