Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseNCT06601764
Circuit and Resistance Training in COPD
A study testing Circuit Training and Progressive Resistance in people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by a combination of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations that directly contribute to the increase in exercise intolerance and dyspnea, especially in more advanced stages of the disease, leading to physical inactivity and consequent worsening of… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- What is being tested?
- Circuit Training and Progressive Resistance
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 48 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 30 Aug 2024to 30 Jan 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age range from 40 to 70 years
- Clinical -functional diagnosis of COPD criteria GOLD II and III
- Clinically stable (outside the period of exacerbation of the disease for at least 3 months),
- Independently able to perform instrumental activities of daily living, as assessed by the functional activities questionnaire
- No medical contraindications for physical exercise.
Who cannot join
- Pulmonary diseases such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia and other non-pulmonary
- Sever or difficult to control ( heart disease or sequelae of acute or chronic orthopedic and/or neurological diseases),
- Those who use walking assist devices that could influence the exercise
- Enrolled in a physical training program within the last 3 months at baseline
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects Of Circuit Training and Progressive Resistance Exercise Program On Pulmonary And Physical Parameters In COPD Patients
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by a combination of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations that directly contribute to the increase in exercise intolerance and dyspnea, especially in more advanced stages of the disease, leading to physical inactivity and consequent worsening of these signs and symptoms. COPD is a preventable and treatable lung disease. Solid evidence shows that physical training, the most important component of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation program (PR), reduces dyspnea and fatigue, increases exercise performance, and improves peripheral muscle strength, functional capacity, control of emotional function and quality of life of these patients' lives. Multicomponent physical training (MPT) proposes the performance of 3 or more components or physical training modalities within the same session and has demonstrated its benefits in several studies involving the elderly population. The main objective of the study will be to determine the effects of circuit training and resistive exercises on pulmonary function and physical parameters in population with COPD.
The study will be a randomized clinical trial and conducted for a duration of 09 months after the approval of synopsis. Data will be collected with Non-Probability Convenience Sampling Technique. A sample of 48 COPD patients will be recruited from DHQ Muzaffargarh. This will be a double blinded study with patients and assessor blinded to the intervention. COPD patients will be divided into two groups with group 1 treated with circuit training and group 2 treated with resistance exercise for duration of 10 weeks. Baseline values for Respiratory parameters and physical parameters will be collected and after 5 weeks and 10 weeks of treatment. Data will be analyzed using SPSS v 26. For within the group analysis Repeated Measure ANOVA will be used. For across the group analysis, independent sample T test will be used to compare the mean differences.
Read the detailed description
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease with deteriorating cardiopulmonary function that decreases the health-related quality of life (HRQL) and exercise capacity. Patients with COPD often have cardiovascular and muscular problems that hinder oxygen uptake by peripheral tissues, resulting in poor oxygen consumption efficiency. Only 20% of the estimated COPD cases are currently being identified and diagnosed in primary care in Pakistan.
Circuit training should be considered the most effective strategy to improve exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Supervision of the programs improves exercise capacity. Concerning strength outcome, the Circuit Training increased the strength of the upper and lower extremities. Only the magnitude of strength performance appears to be influenced by the training (number of sessions and frequency) and the training status. Moreover, low and moderate intensities and short rest time between exercises increase the magnitude of change in fat mass loss. Therefore, CT has been shown to be an effective method for improving body composition, cardio-respiratory fitness, and strength of the lower and upper limbs. Moreover, CT has been shown to elicit higher oxygen consumption during the session in comparison to a traditional strength-training session. Modalities of resistance training using elastic components presented similar effects on muscle strength, health status, exercise capacity, body composition and daily level of physical activity in individuals with COPD. The effects of elastic resistance were similar to conventional resistance training. CT significantly improves aerobic performance (i.e., increase maximum aerobic speed and aerobic performance) and VO2max (average 6.3%), showing that this type of training increases cardio-respiratory fitness independent of the training protocol. CT had an overall significant and large effect on upper (bench press) and lower strength (leg extension) performance (1-RM).only the magnitude of strength performance appears to be influenced by the training (i.e., number of sessions and frequency) and population characteristics (i.e., training status).
- Conditions
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Being tested
- Circuit Training, Progressive Resistance
- Keywords
- Circuit Training, Resistance Exercise, Pulmonary Function, Physical Function, Progressive Resistance Training
- Medical subject headings
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Circuit TrainingOther
- Warm-up, balance
- Aerobic, balance
- Muscle strength Upper Limbs
- Muscle strength Lower Limbs
- Stretching both Upper Limb and Lower Limb
Progressive ResistanceOther
- Muscle habituation exercises
- Hypertrophic phase 1 exercises
- Hypertrophic phase 2 exercises
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group A: Circuit training | Experimental | Circuits Training Exercise Group Receives: Other: Circuit Training |
| Group B: Progressive Resistance Exercise Group | Active comparator | Progressive Resistance Exercise Group Receives: Other: Progressive Resistance |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
6 Minute Walk Test
6MWT is a sub-maximal exercise test used to examine person aerobic capacity and endurance. This test initially developed to make an assessment of patient with cardiopulmonary issues. It is used to check the functional capacity of the individual and it provides useful information regarding all the body systems during physical activity, including cardiovascular and pulmonary system. It can used for all age group range 2 to above 64 years The test is easy to perfume , with standardized limited instructions and encouragement being given as person walk as far as possible over 6 minutes through a flat corridor. The final distance is recorded in meters.(
Measured: Baseline; 5th Week; 10th Week
Pulmonary function test: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
The FVC is the forced vital capacity. It requires that the subject make a maximal inspiration to TLC, then make a maximal forced expiratory effort, leaving only the RV. In a normal subject, the FEV1/FVC is greater than 0.8; patients with obstructive lung disease, such as asthma or COPD, show a decreased FEV1/FVC
Measured: Baseline; 5th Week; 10th Week
Pulmonary function test: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)
Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) calculates the amount of air that a person can force out of their lungs in 1 second. FEV1 values that are lower than average suggest the presence of COPD.
Measured: Baseline; 5th Week; 10th Week
Pulmonary function test: FEV1/FVC Ratio
The FEV1/FVC ratio is a measurement of lung function that compares the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to the forced vital capacity (FVC). It\'s used to help diagnose and monitor lung conditions.
Measured: Baseline; 5th Week; 10th Week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Sep 2024
- Study start30 Aug 2024
- Primary completion30 Dec 2024
- Study completion30 Jan 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Zubair Khalid, MS*, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06601764
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Zubair Khalid
- Status last verified
- Jun 2025
- First submitted
- 16 Sep 2024
- Last updated
- 12 Jun 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Priego-Jimenez S, Torres-Costoso A, Guzman-Pavon MJ, Lorenzo-Garcia P, Luceron-Lucas-Torres MI, Alvarez-Bueno C. Efficacy of Different Types of Physical Activity Interventions on Exercise Capacity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Network Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 5;19(21):14539. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114539.
PubMed 36361418Spielmanns M, Muller K, Schott N, Winkler A, Polanski H, Nell C, Boeselt T, Koczulla AR, Storre JH, Windisch W, Magnet FS, Baum K. [Impact of a Senso-Motoric Intervention in COPD-Patients Participating in an Outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial]. Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 2017 Jun;56(3):159-166. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-119248. Epub 2017 Feb 23. German.
PubMed 28231596Mazzarin CM, Silveira BR, Lamezon AC, Cavon Luna B, Valderramas S. Effectiveness and Safety of Multicomponent Physical Training in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. Health Serv Insights. 2023 May 2;16:11786329231169255. doi: 10.1177/11786329231169255. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 37153879Spielmanns M, Gloeckl R, Gropp JM, Nell C, Koczulla AR, Boeselt T, Storre JH, Windisch W. Whole-Body Vibration Training During a Low Frequency Outpatient Exercise Training Program in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Clin Med Res. 2017 May;9(5):396-402. doi: 10.14740/jocmr2763w. Epub 2017 Apr 1.
PubMed 28392859Chao KY, Liu WL, Nassef Y, Lai PZ, Wang JS. A pilot crossover trial assessing the exercise performance patients chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 9;12(1):4158. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07698-z.
PubMed 35264615de Lima FF, Camillo CA, Grigoletto I, Uzeloto JS, Vanderlei FM, Ramos D, Ramos EMC. Effects of combining functional exercises with exercise training on daily physical activities and functionality in patients with COPD: a protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials. 2019 Dec 5;20(1):680. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3780-y.
PubMed 31805981Rinaldo N, Bacchi E, Coratella G, Vitali F, Milanese C, Rossi A, Schena F, Lanza M. Effects of Combined Aerobic-Strength Training vs Fitness Education Program in COPD Patients. Int J Sports Med. 2017 Nov;38(13):1001-1008. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-112339. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
PubMed 28982202
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects Of Circuit Training and Progressive Resistance Exercise Program On Pulmonary And Physical Parameters In COPD Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06601764
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Zubair Khalid
- Conditions
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Keywords
- Circuit Training, Resistance Exercise, Pulmonary Function, Physical Function, Progressive Resistance Training
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jan 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by a combination of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations that directly contribute to the increase in exercise intolerance and dyspnea, especially in more advanced stages of the disease, leading to physical inactivity and consequent worsening of these signs and symptoms. COPD is a preventable and treatable lung disease. Solid evidence shows that physical training, the most important component of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation program (PR), reduces dyspnea and fatigue, increases exercise performance, and improves peripheral muscle strength, functional capacity, control of emotional function and quality of life of these patients' lives. Multicomponent physical training (MPT) proposes the performance of 3 or more components or physical training modalities within the same session and has demonstrated its benefits in several studies involving the elderly population. The main objective of the study will be to determine the effects of circuit training and resistive exercises on pulmonary function and physical parameters in population with COPD.
The study will be a randomized clinical trial and conducted for a duration of 09 months after the approval of synopsis. Data will be collected with Non-Probability Convenience Sampling Technique. A sample of 48 COPD patients will be recruited from DHQ Muzaffargarh. This will be a double blinded study with patients and assessor blinded to the intervention. COPD patients will be divided into two groups with group 1 treated with circuit training and group 2 treated with resistance exercise for duration of 10 weeks. Baseline values for Respiratory parameters and physical parameters will be collected and after 5 weeks and 10 weeks of treatment. Data will be analyzed using SPSS v 26. For within the group analysis Repeated Measure ANOVA will be used. For across the group analysis, independent sample T test will be used to compare the mean differences.
Detailed description
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease with deteriorating cardiopulmonary function that decreases the health-related quality of life (HRQL) and exercise capacity. Patients with COPD often have cardiovascular and muscular problems that hinder oxygen uptake by peripheral tissues, resulting in poor oxygen consumption efficiency. Only 20% of the estimated COPD cases are currently being identified and diagnosed in primary care in Pakistan.
Circuit training should be considered the most effective strategy to improve exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Supervision of the programs improves exercise capacity. Concerning strength outcome, the Circuit Training increased the strength of the upper and lower extremities. Only the magnitude of strength performance appears to be influenced by the training (number of sessions and frequency) and the training status. Moreover, low and moderate intensities and short rest time between exercises increase the magnitude of change in fat mass loss. Therefore, CT has been shown to be an effective method for improving body composition, cardio-respiratory fitness, and strength of the lower and upper limbs. Moreover, CT has been shown to elicit higher oxygen consumption during the session in comparison to a traditional strength-training session. Modalities of resistance training using elastic components presented similar effects on muscle strength, health status, exercise capacity, body composition and daily level of physical activity in individuals with COPD. The effects of elastic resistance were similar to conventional resistance training. CT significantly improves aerobic performance (i.e., increase maximum aerobic speed and aerobic performance) and VO2max (average 6.3%), showing that this type of training increases cardio-respiratory fitness independent of the training protocol. CT had an overall significant and large effect on upper (bench press) and lower strength (leg extension) performance (1-RM).only the magnitude of strength performance appears to be influenced by the training (i.e., number of sessions and frequency) and population characteristics (i.e., training status).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group A: Circuit training | Experimental | Other: Circuit TrainingCircuits Training Exercise Group |
| Group B: Progressive Resistance Exercise Group | Active comparator | Other: Progressive ResistanceProgressive Resistance Exercise Group |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Age range from 40 to 70 years
- Clinical -functional diagnosis of COPD criteria GOLD II and III
- Clinically stable (outside the period of exacerbation of the disease for at least 3 months),
- Independently able to perform instrumental activities of daily living, as assessed by the functional activities questionnaire
- No medical contraindications for physical exercise.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Pulmonary diseases such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia and other non-pulmonary
- Sever or difficult to control ( heart disease or sequelae of acute or chronic orthopedic and/or neurological diseases),
- Those who use walking assist devices that could influence the exercise
- Enrolled in a physical training program within the last 3 months at baseline
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Circuit Training1. Warm-up, balance 2. Aerobic, balance 3. Muscle strength Upper Limbs 4. Muscle strength Lower Limbs 5. Stretching both Upper Limb and Lower Limb | Other | Group A: Circuit training |
| Progressive Resistance1. Muscle habituation exercises 2. Hypertrophic phase 1 exercises 3. Hypertrophic phase 2 exercises | Other | Group B: Progressive Resistance Exercise Group |
Primary outcome
6 Minute Walk Test
Time frame: Baseline; 5th Week; 10th Week
6MWT is a sub-maximal exercise test used to examine person aerobic capacity and endurance. This test initially developed to make an assessment of patient with cardiopulmonary issues. It is used to check the functional capacity of the individual and it provides useful information regarding all the body systems during physical activity, including cardiovascular and pulmonary system. It can used for all age group range 2 to above 64 years The test is easy to perfume , with standardized limited instructions and encouragement being given as person walk as far as possible over 6 minutes through a flat corridor. The final distance is recorded in meters.(
Pulmonary function test: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Time frame: Baseline; 5th Week; 10th Week
The FVC is the forced vital capacity. It requires that the subject make a maximal inspiration to TLC, then make a maximal forced expiratory effort, leaving only the RV. In a normal subject, the FEV1/FVC is greater than 0.8; patients with obstructive lung disease, such as asthma or COPD, show a decreased FEV1/FVC
Pulmonary function test: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)
Time frame: Baseline; 5th Week; 10th Week
Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) calculates the amount of air that a person can force out of their lungs in 1 second. FEV1 values that are lower than average suggest the presence of COPD.
Pulmonary function test: FEV1/FVC Ratio
Time frame: Baseline; 5th Week; 10th Week
The FEV1/FVC ratio is a measurement of lung function that compares the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to the forced vital capacity (FVC). It\'s used to help diagnose and monitor lung conditions.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Jun 2025.
- Background: PubMed 36361418Priego-Jimenez S, Torres-Costoso A, Guzman-Pavon MJ, Lorenzo-Garcia P, Luceron-Lucas-Torres MI, Alvarez-Bueno C. Efficacy of Different Types of Physical Activity Interventions on Exercise Capacity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Network Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 5;19(21):14539. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114539.
- Background: PubMed 28231596Spielmanns M, Muller K, Schott N, Winkler A, Polanski H, Nell C, Boeselt T, Koczulla AR, Storre JH, Windisch W, Magnet FS, Baum K. [Impact of a Senso-Motoric Intervention in COPD-Patients Participating in an Outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial]. Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 2017 Jun;56(3):159-166. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-119248. Epub 2017 Feb 23. German.
- Background: PubMed 37153879Mazzarin CM, Silveira BR, Lamezon AC, Cavon Luna B, Valderramas S. Effectiveness and Safety of Multicomponent Physical Training in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. Health Serv Insights. 2023 May 2;16:11786329231169255. doi: 10.1177/11786329231169255. eCollection 2023.
- Background: PubMed 28392859Spielmanns M, Gloeckl R, Gropp JM, Nell C, Koczulla AR, Boeselt T, Storre JH, Windisch W. Whole-Body Vibration Training During a Low Frequency Outpatient Exercise Training Program in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Clin Med Res. 2017 May;9(5):396-402. doi: 10.14740/jocmr2763w. Epub 2017 Apr 1.
- Background: PubMed 35264615Chao KY, Liu WL, Nassef Y, Lai PZ, Wang JS. A pilot crossover trial assessing the exercise performance patients chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 9;12(1):4158. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07698-z.
- Background: PubMed 31805981de Lima FF, Camillo CA, Grigoletto I, Uzeloto JS, Vanderlei FM, Ramos D, Ramos EMC. Effects of combining functional exercises with exercise training on daily physical activities and functionality in patients with COPD: a protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials. 2019 Dec 5;20(1):680. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3780-y.
- Background: PubMed 28982202Rinaldo N, Bacchi E, Coratella G, Vitali F, Milanese C, Rossi A, Schena F, Lanza M. Effects of Combined Aerobic-Strength Training vs Fitness Education Program in COPD Patients. Int J Sports Med. 2017 Nov;38(13):1001-1008. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-112339. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Zubair Khalid, MS* principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Circuit Training and Progressive Resistance in people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
6 Minute Walk Test (time frame: Baseline; 5th Week; 10th Week). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06601764, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Jun 2025.