Physical PerformanceNCT06602895
Assessing Physical Performance in Male and Female National Kho-Kho Players Following Intensive Functional Training
A study testing Intensive short-term functional strength training and Balance Training in people with Physical Performance, run by King Saud University at 1 site in India.
Trial summary
This clinical trial aims to learn if intensive short-term functional strength training works to improve agility, functional movement, and balance among male and female national Kho-Kho players. It will also teach about the effect of gender on physical performance. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Physical Performance
- What is being tested?
- Intensive short-term functional strength training and Balance Training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIndia
- Study dates
- 3 May 2021to 19 Oct 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Kho-Kho players aged between 18 and 25 years, all at the national level.
- Both male and female participants.
- Expressed eagerness to participate in the camp and training.
- Participants needed foundational experience with functional training relevant to Kho-Kho to ensure they could safely engage in and benefit from the specific training protocols designed for this study.
Who cannot join
- The participants were unable to perform the required tests and training sessions at the outset.
- Participants with a history of serious injuries related to strength and balance training were also excluded to minimize the risk of re-injury.
- Participants who experienced issues such as low back pain, vestibular problems, or lower extremity injuries during the camp training were removed from the final analysis to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the study\'s results
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Short-Term Functional Strength and Balance Training on Agility, Functional Movement, and Postural Stability in National-Level Male and Female Kho-Kho Players: An Experimental Study
This clinical trial aims to learn if intensive short-term functional strength training works to improve agility, functional movement, and balance among male and female national Kho-Kho players. It will also teach about the effect of gender on physical performance. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does the intensive short-term functional strength training work to improve agility, functional movement, and balance among male and female national Kho-Kho players?
- Which gender brings the greater impact on the physical performance of national Kho-Kho players? Researchers will investigate the impact of intensive short-term functional strength training on agility, functional movement, and balance among male and female national Kho-Kho players and compare the impact of male and female differences on physical performance.
Read more
Participants will:
- Both male and female groups of participants received an application of intensive short-term functional strength training and balance training or balance training and intensive short-term functional strength training consecutively for one hour each, six days a week for two weeks.
Read the detailed description
Kho-Kho and kabaddi are two of the most beloved team sports in rural India, and they are celebrated for their historical roots. As Indigenous games of India, they stand out for requiring players to evade contact with opponents. These games are highly competitive, starting from the elementary level and continuing to the national stage, driving both enthusiasm and rivalry. Playing Kho-Kho not only improves physical fitness but also positively impacts mental health, stress management, and overall well-being, contributing to high performance in sports. Notably, adolescent girls face distinct biomechanical and anatomical challenges in Kho-Kho. Functional Strength Training (FST), a comprehensive method, improves athletes\' movement efficiency by engaging multiple muscle groups across different planes, making it ideal for improving athletic performance. Intensive FST is essential for optimizing athlete readiness, offering valuable insights to both scientists and coaches on the effectiveness of training programs.
- Conditions
- Physical Performance
- Being tested
- Intensive short-term functional strength training, Balance Training
- Keywords
- Agility, Functional performance, Kho-Kho, Static Balance, Dynamic balance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Intensive short-term functional strength trainingOther
All players underwent a rigorous 2-week intensive short-term functional strength training program, with training sessions held for 5 days a week. One group engaged in intensive short-term functional strength training exercises, while the other group focused on balance training. The training regimen was then reversed for the two groups. Each daily training session lasted approximately 2 hours, with 1 hour of either intensive short-term functional strength training or balance training. Every intensive short-term functional strength training session spanned roughly 60 minutes, starting with a 10-minute warm-up followed by dynamic mobility exercises targeting key joints. During the 40-minute core segment of our intensive short-term functional strength training sessions, participants first engaged in stability exercises for 10 minutes, focusing on core stability and balance through plank variations and stability.
Balance TrainingOther
Participants first engaged in stability exercises for 10 minutes, focusing on core stability and balance through plank variations and stability ball exercises. This was followed by 15 minutes of multi-joint strength exercises, where athletes performed compound movements like squats, deadlifts, push-ups or bench presses, and pull-ups or lat pull-downs, each for t sets of 8-10 repetitions. The session concluded with 15 minutes of agility and coordination drills, incorporating high-intensity activities such as lateral sprints and rope pulling, specifically designed to improve quickness and neuromuscular coordination, thereby enhancing overall athletic performance. The session concluded with a 10-minute cooldown involving flexibility exercises for the limbs and trunk. Exercise intensity was regulated to correspond with a 6-7 on the repetitions in the reserve-based Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale, where a s indicates that the exerciser feels they could perform approximately.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Male group | Active comparator | The male group received intensive short-term functional strength training and balance training consecutively for one hour each, six days a week for two weeks. Receives: Other: Intensive short-term functional strength training; Other: Balance Training |
| Female group | Active comparator | The female group received balance training and intensive short-term functional strength training consecutively for one hour each, six days a week for two weeks. Receives: Other: Intensive short-term functional strength training; Other: Balance Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a screening tool that consists of seven motor tasks, encompassing overhead squats, inline lunges, step downs, shoulder flexibility, straight leg lifts, trunk stability pushups, and pushups. Each task is assessed using a conventional 0-3 ordinal system.
A score of 3 indicates correct execution without pain or compensatory movements, a score of 2 indicates compensatory movements were observed, a score of 1 signifies an inability to complete the movement, and a score of 0 implies no pain during the movement.
Each exercise is repeated three times, and the best performance is recorded.
The FMS yields a maximum score of 21, with a total score of 14 or below indicating a higher risk of sports injury development.
Measured: 2weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Balance
For the balance study, a biomechanical examination of stability was conducted. Tecnobody, Italy, Prokin 252 N system, was employed to assess both static and dynamic stability components.
To evaluate static stability, stabilometric tests were performed with both open and closed eyes. To determine dynamic stability balance, the Stability Index was assessed while participants stood on one foot (in the Romberg position) and both feet (in the sharpened Romberg posture).
Postural sway in degrees was measured for both static and dynamic balance.
Measured: 2weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Sep 2024
- Study start3 May 2021
- Primary completion26 Aug 2021
- Study completion19 Oct 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Physical PerformanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- pretest-posttest gender-based parallel group comparative design
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- King Saud University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, AMIR IQBAL, King Saud University
- Investigators
- Moattar R. Rizvi, PhD, Principal investigator, Department of Physiotherapy, Manav Rachna International Institute and Studies, Faridabad, India
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06602895
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- MRIIRS/FAHS/DEC/2021-S006
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 12 Sep 2024
- Last updated
- 9 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Kumar M, Rizvi MR, Sharma A, Almutairi HJ, Ahmad F, Arora S, Uddin S, Ahamed WM, Khan M, Iqbal A, Alghadir AH. Pre-post changes in agility, balance, and functional movement during short-term functional strength and balance training in national-level Kho-Kho players. Sci Rep. 2026 Jul 6. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-60434-9. Online ahead of print.
PubMed 42410000
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Short-Term Functional Strength and Balance Training on Agility, Functional Movement, and Postural Stability in National-Level Male and Female Kho-Kho Players: An Experimental Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06602895
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MRIIRS/FAHS/DEC/2021-S006
- Conditions
- Physical Performance
- Keywords
- Agility, Functional performance, Kho-Kho, Static Balance, Dynamic balance
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- King Saud UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 3 May 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 26 Aug 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 19 Oct 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This clinical trial aims to learn if intensive short-term functional strength training works to improve agility, functional movement, and balance among male and female national Kho-Kho players. It will also teach about the effect of gender on physical performance. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does the intensive short-term functional strength training work to improve agility, functional movement, and balance among male and female national Kho-Kho players?
- Which gender brings the greater impact on the physical performance of national Kho-Kho players? Researchers will investigate the impact of intensive short-term functional strength training on agility, functional movement, and balance among male and female national Kho-Kho players and compare the impact of male and female differences on physical performance.
Participants will:
- Both male and female groups of participants received an application of intensive short-term functional strength training and balance training or balance training and intensive short-term functional strength training consecutively for one hour each, six days a week for two weeks.
Detailed description
Kho-Kho and kabaddi are two of the most beloved team sports in rural India, and they are celebrated for their historical roots. As Indigenous games of India, they stand out for requiring players to evade contact with opponents. These games are highly competitive, starting from the elementary level and continuing to the national stage, driving both enthusiasm and rivalry. Playing Kho-Kho not only improves physical fitness but also positively impacts mental health, stress management, and overall well-being, contributing to high performance in sports. Notably, adolescent girls face distinct biomechanical and anatomical challenges in Kho-Kho. Functional Strength Training (FST), a comprehensive method, improves athletes\' movement efficiency by engaging multiple muscle groups across different planes, making it ideal for improving athletic performance. Intensive FST is essential for optimizing athlete readiness, offering valuable insights to both scientists and coaches on the effectiveness of training programs.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- pretest-posttest gender-based parallel group comparative design
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Male group | Active comparator | Other: Intensive short-term functional strength training, Other: Balance TrainingThe male group received intensive short-term functional strength training and balance training consecutively for one hour each, six days a week for two weeks. |
| Female group | Active comparator | Other: Intensive short-term functional strength training, Other: Balance TrainingThe female group received balance training and intensive short-term functional strength training consecutively for one hour each, six days a week for two weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Kho-Kho players aged between 18 and 25 years, all at the national level.
- Both male and female participants.
- Expressed eagerness to participate in the camp and training.
- Participants needed foundational experience with functional training relevant to Kho-Kho to ensure they could safely engage in and benefit from the specific training protocols designed for this study.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- The participants were unable to perform the required tests and training sessions at the outset.
- Participants with a history of serious injuries related to strength and balance training were also excluded to minimize the risk of re-injury.
- Participants who experienced issues such as low back pain, vestibular problems, or lower extremity injuries during the camp training were removed from the final analysis to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the study\'s results
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Intensive short-term functional strength trainingAll players underwent a rigorous 2-week intensive short-term functional strength training program, with training sessions held for 5 days a week. One group engaged in intensive short-term functional strength training exercises, while the other group focused on balance training. The training regimen was then reversed for the two groups. Each daily training session lasted approximately 2 hours, with 1 hour of either intensive short-term functional strength training or balance training. Every intensive short-term functional strength training session spanned roughly 60 minutes, starting with a 10-minute warm-up followed by dynamic mobility exercises targeting key joints. During the 40-minute core segment of our intensive short-term functional strength training sessions, participants first engaged in stability exercises for 10 minutes, focusing on core stability and balance through plank variations and stability. | Other | Female group, Male group |
| Balance TrainingParticipants first engaged in stability exercises for 10 minutes, focusing on core stability and balance through plank variations and stability ball exercises. This was followed by 15 minutes of multi-joint strength exercises, where athletes performed compound movements like squats, deadlifts, push-ups or bench presses, and pull-ups or lat pull-downs, each for t sets of 8-10 repetitions. The session concluded with 15 minutes of agility and coordination drills, incorporating high-intensity activities such as lateral sprints and rope pulling, specifically designed to improve quickness and neuromuscular coordination, thereby enhancing overall athletic performance. The session concluded with a 10-minute cooldown involving flexibility exercises for the limbs and trunk. Exercise intensity was regulated to correspond with a 6-7 on the repetitions in the reserve-based Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale, where a s indicates that the exerciser feels they could perform approximately. | Other | Female group, Male group |
Primary outcome
Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
Time frame: 2weeks
The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a screening tool that consists of seven motor tasks, encompassing overhead squats, inline lunges, step downs, shoulder flexibility, straight leg lifts, trunk stability pushups, and pushups. Each task is assessed using a conventional 0-3 ordinal system. A score of 3 indicates correct execution without pain or compensatory movements, a score of 2 indicates compensatory movements were observed, a score of 1 signifies an inability to complete the movement, and a score of 0 implies no pain during the movement. Each exercise is repeated three times, and the best performance is recorded. The FMS yields a maximum score of 21, with a total score of 14 or below indicating a higher risk of sports injury development.
1 secondary outcome
Balance
Time frame: 2weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Apr 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42410000Kumar M, Rizvi MR, Sharma A, Almutairi HJ, Ahmad F, Arora S, Uddin S, Ahamed WM, Khan M, Iqbal A, Alghadir AH. Pre-post changes in agility, balance, and functional movement during short-term functional strength and balance training in national-level Kho-Kho players. Sci Rep. 2026 Jul 6. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-60434-9. Online ahead of print.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Moattar R. Rizvi, PhD principal investigator
Department of Physiotherapy, Manav Rachna International Institute and Studies, Faridabad, India
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Intensive short-term functional strength training and Balance Training in people with Physical Performance, run by King Saud University at 1 site in India.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in India. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Functional Movement Screen (FMS) (time frame: 2weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06602895, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Apr 2026.