Functional Status for Surgically and Non-surgically Treated Patients With Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture Following a Public Municipal Rehabilitation

Patients are asked to identify 5 activities they are having difficulty with as a result of their current problem.

Each activity is scored on a 0 (unable to perform activity) to 10 (able to perform activity at same level as before injury or problem) points numeric rating scale.

An average Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) score is calculated and can vary from 0 to 10, with higher scores representing higher levels of lower extremity functional status.

The NRS is a modified version of the Visuel Analog Scale that consists of a segmented numerical scale with 11 points ranging from 0 to 10. The 11-point numeric scale ranges from 0 representing "no pain" to 10 representing the other pain extreme: "pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable".

This scale can be administered verbally or graphically.

The Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) is a commonly used patient-reported outcome measure for patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture.

It consists of 10 questions concerning symptoms and physical activity, for which patients are asked to respond using an 11-point Likert scale (0-10). A patient scoring 0 implies major limitations/symptoms and 10 no limitations or symptoms. Answers from all 10 questions are added to a total score, with 100 being the maximum score

Thompsons test (also called Simmonds squeeze test or Simmonds-Thompson test) is used in lower limb examination to test for the rupture of the Achilles tendon. The patient lies face down with feet hanging off the edge of the bed. If the test is positive, there is no movement of the foot (normally plantarflexion) on squeezing the corresponding calf, signifying likely rupture of the Achilles tendon.

Achilles tendon resting angle (ATRA) has been suggested and used as a surrogate measure of tendon length.

In this test, patients are positioned in prone with the knee flexed to 90 degrees, and the passive angle that the foot falls is measured using a goniometer.

The ATRA is the angle between the long axis of the fibula and the line from the tip of the fibula to the head of the fifth metatarsal.

Amount of tendon elongation is defined as the difference between injured and non-injured sides (positive values indicating greater tendon length on the injured side).

Calf muscle atrophy is assessed by measuring the circumference 13 cm. below the distal apex of the patellae with a tape measure. The circumference will be recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. and measured on both injured and the non-injured leg.

The TSK is originally a 17-item self-report scale with a 4-point response scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree".

Items 4, 8, 12, and 16 are reversed for scoring. A 13-item version of the scale (TSK-13) without the four reversed items has also been widely used.

The original 17-item scale results in a total score ranging from 17 to 68 points with increasing values indicating a stronger degree of Kinesiophobia. Therefore the 13-item version results in a total score ranging from 13 to 52 points with increasing values indicating a stronger degree of Kinesiophobia.

The Tegner activity score is developed as a measure of activity level. The rating system scores a person\'s activity level between 0 and 10, where 0 is "sick leave or disability pension because of the specific problem" and 10 is "participation in competitive sports such as soccer at a national or international elite level."