Healthy VolunteersNCT06604416
Forward and Backward Walking Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Functions
An observational study of Healthy Volunteers, run by Atlas University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
To investigate the acute effects of forward and backward walking exercise on physical functions such as static and dynamic balance and cognitive functions such as attention, concentration, memory, processing speed, visual structuring skills, calculation and orientation. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy Volunteers
- What is being tested?
- Forward walking and Backward walking
- How many people
- 50 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 7 Nov 2023to 1 Feb 2024
- How long will I take part?
- 1 Day
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Healthy university students aged 18-25 years were included in the study, excluding physically active individuals according to the International Physical Activity Scale Short Form.
Who may be able to join
- To be between the ages of 18-25,
- To be able to communicate verbally and in written Turkish,
- Not complaining of pain in any part of the body during physical activity,
- Performing a normal walking pattern without compensatory movements.
Who cannot join
- Participants participating in a routine exercise program
- History of upper or lower extremity pathology or injury in the last 6 months
- Diagnosed neurological disease
- Diagnosed cognitive impairment
- Having a diagnosed orthopedic disease
- Using a walking aid
Show all 10Show fewer
- Inadequate cardiovascular fitness
- Dyspnea on exertion
- Contraindication to walking
- Receiving medical treatment that causes imbalance.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Acute Effect of Forward and Backward Walking Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Functions
To investigate the acute effects of forward and backward walking exercise on physical functions such as static and dynamic balance and cognitive functions such as attention, concentration, memory, processing speed, visual structuring skills, calculation and orientation.
Read the detailed description
This study is planned to investigate the acute effects of forward and backward walking on physical functions such as static and dynamic balance and cognitive functions such as attention, concentration, memory, processing speed, visual structuring skills, calculation and orientation. 50 healthy individuals were randomly divided into three groups for the study. The groups were divided into Backward Walking Exercise Group (GYE) (n=17), Forward Walking Exercise Group (FWE) (n=16) and Control Group (CG)(n=17). Before treatment for all three groups; sociodemographic and clinical data with the sociodemographic information form, physical activity levels with the International Physical Activity Survey Short Form, pain severity with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), fatigue levels with the Borg Scale, the person's selective attention capacity and skills, processing speed and general executive processing abilities. Stroop Test with TBAG Form to evaluate executive functions such as working memory, complex attention, planning and set shifting, with Trail Making Test, evaluation of dynamic balance, neuromuscular control and movement asymmetries with Y-Balance Test, static balance, postural stability evaluation on One Leg It was evaluated with the Standing Test. The GYE group completed a 25-minute backward walking exercise session, the FWE group completed a 25-minute forward walking exercise session, and the control group completed a 30-minute sitting rest between evaluation tests. After the exercises, there were significant differences in parameters such as attention, processing speed, concentration and maintenance of attention, working memory, planning, static and dynamic balance, and in the comparison between groups, significant differences were found in static balance and postural control (p<0.05). It was observed that individuals in the backward walking group showed better improvements in some parameters after walking. However, these results need to be supported by future studies.
- Conditions
- Healthy Volunteers
- Being tested
- Forward walking, Backward walking
- Keywords
- backward walking, aerobic exercise, cognitive functions
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Forward walkingOther
The exercises consisted of a 5-minute warm-up on a treadmill followed by a 25-minute period of moderate forward walking.
Backward walkingOther
The exercises consisted of a 5-minute warm-up on a treadmill followed by a 25-minute period of moderate backward walking.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Backward walking exercise group | Healthy subjects aged 18-25 years were included in the study. Cognitive and physical function assessments were performed face-to-face by a physiotherapist before and after backward walking exercise. In addition, assessments during the exercise were performed by the same physiotherapist. Assessments were made immediately before and immediately after the walking exercise. All assessments were supervised by the physiotherapist. Receives: Other: Backward walking | |
| Forward walking exercise group | Healthy subjects aged 18-25 years were included in the study. Cognitive and physical function assessments were performed face-to-face by a physiotherapist before and after forward walking exercise. In addition, assessments during the exercise were performed by the same physiotherapist. Assessments were made immediately before and immediately after the walking exercise. All assessments were supervised by the physiotherapist. Receives: Other: Forward walking | |
| Control group | Participants did not perform any walking exercise. Cognitive and physical function assessments were performed before and after the assessment tests, with 30 minutes of rest in between. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Stroop Test TBAG Form
Stroop Test TBAG Form was used to assess executive functions such as attention, memory, concentration, visual structuring skills, computational working memory, planning, visual scanning ability.
Measured: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise
Trail Making Test
The Trail Making Test was used to assess executive functions such as working memory, complex attention, planning and set switching, visual-spatial processing and motor abilities. The Trail Making Test consists of two parts, A and B.
Measured: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise
Y-Balance Test
Y-Balance Test was used to evaluate dynamic balance, neuromuscular control and movement asymmetries.
Measured: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise
One Leg Standing Test
One-leg Standing Test was used to assess static balance.
Measured: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise
Secondary outcomes (5)
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short Form
The IPAQ Short Form was used to determine the physical activity levels of the participants.
Measured: pre-assessments
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
This scale scores from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate worse pain.
Measured: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise
Borg Fatigue Scale
It was used to determine the level of fatigue perceived by individuals before, during and after completing walking exercises.
Measured: immediately pre-exercises, during exercise and immediately post-exercise
Oxygen Saturation
In the study, saturation values were measured by pulse oximetry before, during and after exercise by the same physiotherapist.
Measured: immediately pre-exercises, during exercise and immediately post-exercise
Blood Pressure Assessment
Blood pressure assessment was performed with a syphinguometer.
Measured: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Sep 2024
- Study start7 Nov 2023
- Primary completion15 Dec 2023
- Study completion1 Feb 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Healthy VolunteersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 1 Day
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Atlas University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hilal Denizoğlu Külli, Atlas University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06604416
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- edaserenkarakaya
- Status last verified
- Sep 2024
- First submitted
- 17 Sep 2024
- Last updated
- 20 Sep 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Sep 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Acute Effect of Forward and Backward Walking Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Functions
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06604416
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- edaserenkarakaya
- Conditions
- Healthy Volunteers
- Keywords
- backward walking, aerobic exercise, cognitive functions
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Atlas UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Feb 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To investigate the acute effects of forward and backward walking exercise on physical functions such as static and dynamic balance and cognitive functions such as attention, concentration, memory, processing speed, visual structuring skills, calculation and orientation.
Detailed description
This study is planned to investigate the acute effects of forward and backward walking on physical functions such as static and dynamic balance and cognitive functions such as attention, concentration, memory, processing speed, visual structuring skills, calculation and orientation. 50 healthy individuals were randomly divided into three groups for the study. The groups were divided into Backward Walking Exercise Group (GYE) (n=17), Forward Walking Exercise Group (FWE) (n=16) and Control Group (CG)(n=17). Before treatment for all three groups; sociodemographic and clinical data with the sociodemographic information form, physical activity levels with the International Physical Activity Survey Short Form, pain severity with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), fatigue levels with the Borg Scale, the person's selective attention capacity and skills, processing speed and general executive processing abilities. Stroop Test with TBAG Form to evaluate executive functions such as working memory, complex attention, planning and set shifting, with Trail Making Test, evaluation of dynamic balance, neuromuscular control and movement asymmetries with Y-Balance Test, static balance, postural stability evaluation on One Leg It was evaluated with the Standing Test. The GYE group completed a 25-minute backward walking exercise session, the FWE group completed a 25-minute forward walking exercise session, and the control group completed a 30-minute sitting rest between evaluation tests. After the exercises, there were significant differences in parameters such as attention, processing speed, concentration and maintenance of attention, working memory, planning, static and dynamic balance, and in the comparison between groups, significant differences were found in static balance and postural control (p<0.05). It was observed that individuals in the backward walking group showed better improvements in some parameters after walking. However, these results need to be supported by future studies.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Target follow-up
- 1 Day
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Backward walking exercise group | – | Other: Backward walkingHealthy subjects aged 18-25 years were included in the study. Cognitive and physical function assessments were performed face-to-face by a physiotherapist before and after backward walking exercise. In addition, assessments during the exercise were performed by the same physiotherapist. Assessments were made immediately before and immediately after the walking exercise. All assessments were supervised by the physiotherapist. |
| Forward walking exercise group | – | Other: Forward walkingHealthy subjects aged 18-25 years were included in the study. Cognitive and physical function assessments were performed face-to-face by a physiotherapist before and after forward walking exercise. In addition, assessments during the exercise were performed by the same physiotherapist. Assessments were made immediately before and immediately after the walking exercise. All assessments were supervised by the physiotherapist. |
| Control group | – | –Participants did not perform any walking exercise. Cognitive and physical function assessments were performed before and after the assessment tests, with 30 minutes of rest in between. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Healthy university students aged 18-25 years were included in the study, excluding physically active individuals according to the International Physical Activity Scale Short Form.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- To be between the ages of 18-25,
- To be able to communicate verbally and in written Turkish,
- Not complaining of pain in any part of the body during physical activity,
- Performing a normal walking pattern without compensatory movements.
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Participants participating in a routine exercise program
- History of upper or lower extremity pathology or injury in the last 6 months
- Diagnosed neurological disease
- Diagnosed cognitive impairment
- Having a diagnosed orthopedic disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Forward walkingThe exercises consisted of a 5-minute warm-up on a treadmill followed by a 25-minute period of moderate forward walking. | Other | Forward walking exercise group |
| Backward walkingThe exercises consisted of a 5-minute warm-up on a treadmill followed by a 25-minute period of moderate backward walking. | Other | Backward walking exercise group |
Primary outcome
Stroop Test TBAG Form
Time frame: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise
Stroop Test TBAG Form was used to assess executive functions such as attention, memory, concentration, visual structuring skills, computational working memory, planning, visual scanning ability.
Trail Making Test
Time frame: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise
The Trail Making Test was used to assess executive functions such as working memory, complex attention, planning and set switching, visual-spatial processing and motor abilities. The Trail Making Test consists of two parts, A and B.
Y-Balance Test
Time frame: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise
Y-Balance Test was used to evaluate dynamic balance, neuromuscular control and movement asymmetries.
One Leg Standing Test
Time frame: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise
One-leg Standing Test was used to assess static balance.
5 secondary outcomes
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short Form
Time frame: pre-assessments
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Time frame: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise
Borg Fatigue Scale
Time frame: immediately pre-exercises, during exercise and immediately post-exercise
Oxygen Saturation
Time frame: immediately pre-exercises, during exercise and immediately post-exercise
Blood Pressure Assessment
Time frame: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Sep 2024.
Related trials for Healthy Volunteers
RecruitingObservational study
Development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques for Studying Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders
Not yet recruiting
Positron Emission Tomography and Organ-Specific Changes in Participants Co-Enrolled in NIH Studies of Plasmodium Vivax Controlled Human Malaria Infection
Healthy Volunteer, Malaria
RecruitingPhase 1
A Single Ascending Dose Study of DTI-117 Given Intramuscularly in Healthy Participants.
Healthy Adult
RecruitingObservational study
Collection of Lung Fluid and Tissue Samples for Research
Leukocyte Disorders, Respiratory Tract Diseases
Not yet recruitingPhase 2
Effects of Meal Macronutrients on Postprandial Lipids
Nephrotic Syndrome, Lipodystrophy
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Healthy Volunteers, run by Atlas University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Sep 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Stroop Test TBAG Form (time frame: immediately pre and immediately post-exercise). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Sep 2024.