Scapular DyskinesisNCT06606405
The Activation of Serratus Anterior Muscle During the Plank Exercise
An observational study of Scapular Dyskinesis, run by Berivan Beril Kılıç at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Scapular dyskinesia is a condition characterized by changes in the resting position or movement of the scapula, which can impair shoulder function. Issues such as increased glenohumeral angle, reduced rotator cuff strength, and decreased subacromial space are commonly observed in athletes and sedentary individuals. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 to 18 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Scapular Dyskinesis
- What is being tested?
- scapular dyskinesis test
- How many people
- 29 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2024to 4 Jan 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 to 18 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Study population: adolescent athlete
Who may be able to join
- Female athletes aged 13-18 years.
Who cannot join
- Shoulder pain severe enough to interfere with activity in the past 3 months.
- History of shoulder surgery or fractures.
- Recent acute orthopedic injuries to the lower extremities, upper extremities, or lower back.
- History of any neurological or systemic diseases.
- Significant spinal deformities, such as scoliosis.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Serratus Anterior Activation and Its Relationship With Shoulder Rotators in Adolescent Volleyball Players With Scapular Dyskinesia During Plank Exercise
Scapular dyskinesia is a condition characterized by changes in the resting position or movement of the scapula, which can impair shoulder function. Issues such as increased glenohumeral angle, reduced rotator cuff strength, and decreased subacromial space are commonly observed in athletes and sedentary individuals. Scapular muscle imbalances, particularly in the serratus anterior and lower trapezius muscles, are key contributors to dyskinesia. Studies show decreased EMG activity in these muscles among sedentary individuals, while increased activity is noted in overhead athletes. The relationship between serratus anterior activity and shoulder external rotation strength varies, highlighting the importance of strengthening scapular muscles to prevent injury in athletes.
The core, including the spine, hips, pelvis, and abdomen, provides stability and transfers forces throughout the body. Core and scapular stability are interrelated, and impairment in scapular stability can weaken core strength, increasing the risk of injury. Therefore, exercises targeting both the core and scapular muscles are vital in athletic training programs. The plank exercise, which minimizes spinal load and promotes strength, is preferred for enhancing both core and scapular endurance. However, improper form, especially due to weak stabilizer muscles, can lead to compensations that increase injury risk, such as long thoracic nerve injury. Although studies exist on serratus anterior activity during plank exercises, there is limited research on its activation in athletes with scapular dyskinesia.
Read the detailed description
Scapular dyskinesia is defined as changes in the resting position of the scapula or in scapular movement. This condition can lead to negative changes in optimal shoulder function in individuals (Huang, Chen, Du, \& Lin, 2020; Jildeh, Ference, Abbas, Jiang, \& Okoroha, 2021). Changes such as an increase in the glenohumeral angle during horizontal abduction with scapular dyskinesia, a decrease in the maximal strength of the rotator cuff muscles responsible for compression stability, and a decrease in the subacromial space during overhead functions have been reported (Kibler \& Sciascia, 2019). These resulting functional impairments and imbalances are observed in 67-100% of athletes, as well as sedentary individuals, sometimes without symptoms and sometimes accompanied by shoulder pathology (Silva et al., 2022). While many factors contributing to the development of scapular dyskinesia have been identified, one key factor is scapular muscle imbalances. The scapulothoracic muscle groups frequently emphasized in relation to scapular dyskinesia are the lower trapezius and serratus anterior. The serratus anterior muscle is responsible for upward rotation, external rotation, and posterior tilt of the scapula. This muscle is crucial for maintaining normal alignment and the continuity of functional scapular movement (Ludewig, Cook, \& Nawoczenski, 1996; Ludewig \& Reynolds, 2009). In a study conducted with sedentary individuals, it was reported that the EMG activity of the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles decreased in the presence of scapular dyskinesia (Ann MJ Cools et al., 2014). In contrast to this study, the EMG activity of the serratus anterior muscle in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesia was examined during various movement patterns and functions such as shoulder elevation, push-up exercises, and tennis serves. It was suggested that muscle activity increased compared to sedentary individuals, and this increase should be further investigated in the future (de Paula Marques \& Dionisio, 2024). Another point emphasized is the relationship between serratus anterior muscle activation and shoulder external rotation force in individuals with dyskinesia. While it has been stated that serratus anterior muscle activity decreases in the presence of scapular dyskinesia, external rotation muscle strength varies depending on the evaluated position. The importance of scapular muscles for shoulder external rotation strength has also been highlighted (Uga, Nakazawa, \& Sakamoto, 2016). Strengthening the muscles responsible for external rotation in overhead athletes and restoring normal scapular movement are key points that should be emphasized as a whole in injury prevention programs (Ann M. Cools, Johansson, Borms, \& Maenhout, 2015; Tooth et al., 2020).
The core region of the body includes the spine, hips, pelvis, proximal lower extremities, and abdomen (Kibler, Press, \& Sciascia, 2006). The strength of these muscles allows for the transfer of compressive, translational, and shear forces, which serve to mechanically stabilize the spine and distribute forces to the rest of the body (Akuthota, Ferreiro, Moore, \& Fredericson, 2008; Fredericson \& Moore, 2005). Core stability is defined as the ability to control the position and movement of the trunk over the pelvis during integrated kinetic chain activities. It allows for the optimal transfer and control of force and movement to the terminal segment. Similar to the core muscles, the scapula plays an important role in transferring the force produced to the distal segments. Impairment in scapular stability can lead to a decrease in core strength, thereby increasing the risk of injury and reducing athletic performance. For this reason, exercises aimed at increasing scapular muscle and core endurance should be incorporated into athletes\' exercise programs to prevent injury and enhance performance (Cobanoglu, Keklik, Zorlular, Polat, \& Akaras, 2019). One of the exercises frequently included in Korean strength training programs for athletes is the plank exercise. Unlike sit-up exercises, the plank exercise is widely preferred to increase strength and endurance because it does not place a load on the lumbar spine and only minimally loads the spine when performed using body weight (Topçu et al., 2022). It is very important to perform plank exercises with correct segment alignment. The correct plank position is achieved in a push-up stance, with body weight supported by the forearms, elbows, and toes. The arms should be placed directly under the shoulder joints, and the entire body should maintain a straight alignment (Neporent, Schlosberg, \& Archer, 2011; Zhang, Dong, \& El Saddik, 2016). A lack of strength in the core or scapular stabilizer muscles during the plank may cause the person to adopt an incorrect posture by compensating with the thoracic spine or lower hips. In fact, a case report indicated that incorrect and excessive scapular activity during plank exercises may lead to long thoracic nerve injury (Güzel, Ozen, \& Sözay, 2023). There are studies in the literature examining the activity of the serratus anterior muscle, which is responsible for scapular stabilization, in athletes during plank exercises (Can, Harput, \& Turgut, 2024). However, no research has been found that evaluates serratus anterior EMG activity during plank exercises in athletes with scapular dyskinesia.\"
- Conditions
- Scapular Dyskinesis
- Being tested
- scapular dyskinesis test
- Keywords
- scapular dyskinesis, plank exercise, serratus anterior, shoulder rotator strength, athlete
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
scapular dyskinesis testDiagnostic test
Scapular dyskinesia in athletes will be visually evaluated. It will be considered present if, during 3 out of 5 arm elevation attempts, any of the following are observed: prominence of the medial or upper scapular border, lower scapular angle, excessive clavicular elevation, or rapid downward rotation of the scapula. After the tester demonstrates the required movements, the athletes will practice the movement. The test will begin with the arms at the sides of the body, elbows straight, and shoulders in neutral rotation. Two testers will observe from behind and video record the movements. Participants will be instructed to raise their arms as high as possible simultaneously, using the \'thumbs up\' position, and to maintain this position for 3 seconds before lowering their arms for another 3 seconds. Athletes will perform the arm elevation with a dumbbell weight calculated as 1.4% of their body weight (Kamonseki, Haik, Ribeiro, Almeida, \& Camargo, 2023).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Scapular Dyskinesis Group | adolescent volleyball players with scapular dyskinesis Receives: Diagnostic Test: scapular dyskinesis test | |
| Control Group | adolescent volleyball players without scapular dyskinesis Receives: Diagnostic Test: scapular dyskinesis test |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Surface EMG
A NeuroTrac Myoplus Pro (Quintet, Bergen, Norway) EMG device will be used for surface electromyography analysis of the serratus anterior. Disposable 30 x 30 mm round adhesive electrodes will be placed on the dominant side at the 7th intercostal space and at the level of the xiphoid process, while the reference electrode will be positioned on the sternal notch of the sternum. To minimize the negative effects of possible skin movement during the plank exercises, electrodes will be applied while the participant is seated with the trunk in a neutral position and arms flexed at 90 degrees (Januario, Cid, Zanca, Mattiello, \& Oliveira, 2022; Konrad, 2005). Participants will perform front plank, prone plank, and side plank exercises for 30 seconds each. Parameters related to muscle strength, total work, and resting tone will be displayed on the device in microvolts, and maximal voluntary contraction will recorded as a percentage.
Measured: baseline
Secondary outcomes (2)
Core Strength
Core endurance in athletes will be assessed using McGill's core endurance tests (McGill, Childs, \& Liebenson, 1999). Trunk Flexor Endurance Test, Trunk Extensor Endurance Test and Trunk Lateral Endurance Test will be used for assesment. The time the athlete can maintain this position will be recorded in seconds.
Measured: baseline
Shoulder rotator strength
The internal and external rotation muscle strength of athletes will be assessed using a hand dynamometer with demonstrated reliability (Chamorro, Arancibia, Trigo, Arias-Poblete, \& Jerez-Mayorga, 2021). The assessment will be conducted with the athlete in a prone position, with the arm at 90 degrees of abduction and the shoulder in neutral, while the elbow is flexed at 90 degrees (Coinceicao et al., 2018). The dynamometer will be placed proximal to the ulnar styloid process, and the evaluator will stabilize the arm by holding the upper arm with their other hand. The athlete will perform an isometric contraction for 5 seconds. After a 30-second rest, the measurement will be repeated. Each measurement will be conducted three times, and the best score will be recorded. The external rotation/internal rotation (ER/IR) ratio will be calculated using the formula: (External rotation strength / Internal rotation strength) x 100.
Measured: baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Sep 2024
- Study start1 Oct 2024
- Primary completion1 Dec 2024
- Study completion4 Jan 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (26)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Scapular DyskinesisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 29 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Berivan Beril Kılıç
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Berivan Beril Kılıç, Biruni University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06606405
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 69869
- Status last verified
- Nov 2024
- First submitted
- 18 Sep 2024
- Last updated
- 7 Jan 2025
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Conceicao A, Parraca J, Marinho D, Costa M, Louro H, Silva A, Batalha N. Assessment of isometric strength of the shoulder rotators in swimmers using a handheld dynamometer: a reliability study. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2018;20(4):113-119.
PubMed 30821280Cobanoglu, G., Suner Keklik, S., Zorlular, A., Aygun Polat, E., & Akaras, E. (2021). The relationship between scapular and core muscle endurance in professional athletes . Annals of Medical Research, 26(7), 1295-1300. Retrieved from https://annalsmedres.org/index.php/aomr/article/view/1278
Topçu, Huseyin, Arabacı, Ramiz, Güngör, Ali Kamil, Birinci, Yakup Zühtü, Pancar, Serkan, & Şekir, Ufuk. (2022). Muscle activity of kore muscles during plank exercise on different surfaces. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 24(3), 298-305.
Neporent, Liz, Schlosberg, Suzanne, & Archer, Shirley J. (2011). Weight training for dummies: John Wiley & Sons.
Konrad, Peter. (2005). The abc of emg. A practical introduction to kinesiological electromyography, 1(2005), 30-35.
Ludewig PM, Reynolds JF. The association of scapular kinematics and glenohumeral joint pathologies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009 Feb;39(2):90-104. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2009.2808.
PubMed 19194022Kibler WB, Sciascia A. Evaluation and Management of Scapular Dyskinesis in Overhead Athletes. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2019 Dec;12(4):515-526. doi: 10.1007/s12178-019-09591-1.
PubMed 31760624Kibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Med. 2006;36(3):189-98. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001.
PubMed 16526831McGill SM, Childs A, Liebenson C. Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999 Aug;80(8):941-4. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90087-4.
PubMed 10453772da Silva LA, Checchia CS, Goncalves GV, Conte LHG, Santana DS, Barela AMF. EVALUATION OF SCAPULAR DYSKINESIS IN CROSSFIT(R)- PRACTICING ATHLETES. Acta Ortop Bras. 2022 Dec 2;30(spe2):e251074. doi: 10.1590/1413-785220223002e251074. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 36506859Uga D, Nakazawa R, Sakamoto M. Strength and muscle activity of shoulder external rotation of subjects with and without scapular dyskinesis. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Apr;28(4):1100-5. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1100. Epub 2016 Apr 28.
PubMed 27190434Tooth C, Gofflot A, Schwartz C, Croisier JL, Beaudart C, Bruyere O, Forthomme B. Risk Factors of Overuse Shoulder Injuries in Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sports Health. 2020 Sep/Oct;12(5):478-487. doi: 10.1177/1941738120931764. Epub 2020 Aug 6.
PubMed 32758080Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Translations of the humerus in persons with shoulder impingement symptoms. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2002 Jun;32(6):248-59. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2002.32.6.248.
PubMed 12061706Kuniki M, Iwamoto Y, Konishi R, Kuwahara D, Yamagiwa D, Kito N. Neural Drive and Motor Unit Characteristics of the Serratus Anterior in Individuals With Scapular Dyskinesis. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2024 Jun 1;24(2):148-158.
PubMed 38825997Kamonseki DH, Haik MN, Ribeiro LP, Almeida RF, Camargo PR. Scapular movement training is not superior to standardized exercises in the treatment of individuals with chronic shoulder pain and scapular dyskinesis: randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2023 Sep;45(18):2925-2935. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2114552. Epub 2022 Aug 24.
PubMed 36000960
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Jan 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Serratus Anterior Activation and Its Relationship With Shoulder Rotators in Adolescent Volleyball Players With Scapular Dyskinesia During Plank Exercise
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06606405
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 69869
- Conditions
- Scapular Dyskinesis
- Keywords
- scapular dyskinesis, plank exercise, serratus anterior, shoulder rotator strength, athlete
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 29 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Berivan Beril KılıçUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 4 Jan 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Scapular dyskinesia is a condition characterized by changes in the resting position or movement of the scapula, which can impair shoulder function. Issues such as increased glenohumeral angle, reduced rotator cuff strength, and decreased subacromial space are commonly observed in athletes and sedentary individuals. Scapular muscle imbalances, particularly in the serratus anterior and lower trapezius muscles, are key contributors to dyskinesia. Studies show decreased EMG activity in these muscles among sedentary individuals, while increased activity is noted in overhead athletes. The relationship between serratus anterior activity and shoulder external rotation strength varies, highlighting the importance of strengthening scapular muscles to prevent injury in athletes.
The core, including the spine, hips, pelvis, and abdomen, provides stability and transfers forces throughout the body. Core and scapular stability are interrelated, and impairment in scapular stability can weaken core strength, increasing the risk of injury. Therefore, exercises targeting both the core and scapular muscles are vital in athletic training programs. The plank exercise, which minimizes spinal load and promotes strength, is preferred for enhancing both core and scapular endurance. However, improper form, especially due to weak stabilizer muscles, can lead to compensations that increase injury risk, such as long thoracic nerve injury. Although studies exist on serratus anterior activity during plank exercises, there is limited research on its activation in athletes with scapular dyskinesia.
Detailed description
Scapular dyskinesia is defined as changes in the resting position of the scapula or in scapular movement. This condition can lead to negative changes in optimal shoulder function in individuals (Huang, Chen, Du, \& Lin, 2020; Jildeh, Ference, Abbas, Jiang, \& Okoroha, 2021). Changes such as an increase in the glenohumeral angle during horizontal abduction with scapular dyskinesia, a decrease in the maximal strength of the rotator cuff muscles responsible for compression stability, and a decrease in the subacromial space during overhead functions have been reported (Kibler \& Sciascia, 2019). These resulting functional impairments and imbalances are observed in 67-100% of athletes, as well as sedentary individuals, sometimes without symptoms and sometimes accompanied by shoulder pathology (Silva et al., 2022). While many factors contributing to the development of scapular dyskinesia have been identified, one key factor is scapular muscle imbalances. The scapulothoracic muscle groups frequently emphasized in relation to scapular dyskinesia are the lower trapezius and serratus anterior. The serratus anterior muscle is responsible for upward rotation, external rotation, and posterior tilt of the scapula. This muscle is crucial for maintaining normal alignment and the continuity of functional scapular movement (Ludewig, Cook, \& Nawoczenski, 1996; Ludewig \& Reynolds, 2009). In a study conducted with sedentary individuals, it was reported that the EMG activity of the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles decreased in the presence of scapular dyskinesia (Ann MJ Cools et al., 2014). In contrast to this study, the EMG activity of the serratus anterior muscle in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesia was examined during various movement patterns and functions such as shoulder elevation, push-up exercises, and tennis serves. It was suggested that muscle activity increased compared to sedentary individuals, and this increase should be further investigated in the future (de Paula Marques \& Dionisio, 2024). Another point emphasized is the relationship between serratus anterior muscle activation and shoulder external rotation force in individuals with dyskinesia. While it has been stated that serratus anterior muscle activity decreases in the presence of scapular dyskinesia, external rotation muscle strength varies depending on the evaluated position. The importance of scapular muscles for shoulder external rotation strength has also been highlighted (Uga, Nakazawa, \& Sakamoto, 2016). Strengthening the muscles responsible for external rotation in overhead athletes and restoring normal scapular movement are key points that should be emphasized as a whole in injury prevention programs (Ann M. Cools, Johansson, Borms, \& Maenhout, 2015; Tooth et al., 2020).
The core region of the body includes the spine, hips, pelvis, proximal lower extremities, and abdomen (Kibler, Press, \& Sciascia, 2006). The strength of these muscles allows for the transfer of compressive, translational, and shear forces, which serve to mechanically stabilize the spine and distribute forces to the rest of the body (Akuthota, Ferreiro, Moore, \& Fredericson, 2008; Fredericson \& Moore, 2005). Core stability is defined as the ability to control the position and movement of the trunk over the pelvis during integrated kinetic chain activities. It allows for the optimal transfer and control of force and movement to the terminal segment. Similar to the core muscles, the scapula plays an important role in transferring the force produced to the distal segments. Impairment in scapular stability can lead to a decrease in core strength, thereby increasing the risk of injury and reducing athletic performance. For this reason, exercises aimed at increasing scapular muscle and core endurance should be incorporated into athletes\' exercise programs to prevent injury and enhance performance (Cobanoglu, Keklik, Zorlular, Polat, \& Akaras, 2019). One of the exercises frequently included in Korean strength training programs for athletes is the plank exercise. Unlike sit-up exercises, the plank exercise is widely preferred to increase strength and endurance because it does not place a load on the lumbar spine and only minimally loads the spine when performed using body weight (Topçu et al., 2022). It is very important to perform plank exercises with correct segment alignment. The correct plank position is achieved in a push-up stance, with body weight supported by the forearms, elbows, and toes. The arms should be placed directly under the shoulder joints, and the entire body should maintain a straight alignment (Neporent, Schlosberg, \& Archer, 2011; Zhang, Dong, \& El Saddik, 2016). A lack of strength in the core or scapular stabilizer muscles during the plank may cause the person to adopt an incorrect posture by compensating with the thoracic spine or lower hips. In fact, a case report indicated that incorrect and excessive scapular activity during plank exercises may lead to long thoracic nerve injury (Güzel, Ozen, \& Sözay, 2023). There are studies in the literature examining the activity of the serratus anterior muscle, which is responsible for scapular stabilization, in athletes during plank exercises (Can, Harput, \& Turgut, 2024). However, no research has been found that evaluates serratus anterior EMG activity during plank exercises in athletes with scapular dyskinesia.\"
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Scapular Dyskinesis Group | – | Diagnostic Test: scapular dyskinesis testadolescent volleyball players with scapular dyskinesis |
| Control Group | – | Diagnostic Test: scapular dyskinesis testadolescent volleyball players without scapular dyskinesis |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 to 18 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
- Study population
- adolescent athlete
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Female athletes aged 13-18 years.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Shoulder pain severe enough to interfere with activity in the past 3 months.
- History of shoulder surgery or fractures.
- Recent acute orthopedic injuries to the lower extremities, upper extremities, or lower back.
- History of any neurological or systemic diseases.
- Significant spinal deformities, such as scoliosis.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| scapular dyskinesis testScapular dyskinesia in athletes will be visually evaluated. It will be considered present if, during 3 out of 5 arm elevation attempts, any of the following are observed: prominence of the medial or upper scapular border, lower scapular angle, excessive clavicular elevation, or rapid downward rotation of the scapula. After the tester demonstrates the required movements, the athletes will practice the movement. The test will begin with the arms at the sides of the body, elbows straight, and shoulders in neutral rotation. Two testers will observe from behind and video record the movements. Participants will be instructed to raise their arms as high as possible simultaneously, using the \'thumbs up\' position, and to maintain this position for 3 seconds before lowering their arms for another 3 seconds. Athletes will perform the arm elevation with a dumbbell weight calculated as 1.4% of their body weight (Kamonseki, Haik, Ribeiro, Almeida, \& Camargo, 2023). | Diagnostic test | Control Group, Scapular Dyskinesis Group |
Primary outcome
Surface EMG
Time frame: baseline
A NeuroTrac Myoplus Pro (Quintet, Bergen, Norway) EMG device will be used for surface electromyography analysis of the serratus anterior. Disposable 30 x 30 mm round adhesive electrodes will be placed on the dominant side at the 7th intercostal space and at the level of the xiphoid process, while the reference electrode will be positioned on the sternal notch of the sternum. To minimize the negative effects of possible skin movement during the plank exercises, electrodes will be applied while the participant is seated with the trunk in a neutral position and arms flexed at 90 degrees (Januario, Cid, Zanca, Mattiello, \& Oliveira, 2022; Konrad, 2005). Participants will perform front plank, prone plank, and side plank exercises for 30 seconds each. Parameters related to muscle strength, total work, and resting tone will be displayed on the device in microvolts, and maximal voluntary contraction will recorded as a percentage.
2 secondary outcomes
Core Strength
Time frame: baseline
Shoulder rotator strength
Time frame: baseline
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Jan 2025.
- Results publication: PubMed 30821280Conceicao A, Parraca J, Marinho D, Costa M, Louro H, Silva A, Batalha N. Assessment of isometric strength of the shoulder rotators in swimmers using a handheld dynamometer: a reliability study. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2018;20(4):113-119.
- Results publicationCobanoglu, G., Suner Keklik, S., Zorlular, A., Aygun Polat, E., & Akaras, E. (2021). The relationship between scapular and core muscle endurance in professional athletes . Annals of Medical Research, 26(7), 1295-1300. Retrieved from https://annalsmedres.org/index.php/aomr/article/view/1278
- Results publicationTopçu, Huseyin, Arabacı, Ramiz, Güngör, Ali Kamil, Birinci, Yakup Zühtü, Pancar, Serkan, & Şekir, Ufuk. (2022). Muscle activity of kore muscles during plank exercise on different surfaces. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 24(3), 298-305.
- Results publicationNeporent, Liz, Schlosberg, Suzanne, & Archer, Shirley J. (2011). Weight training for dummies: John Wiley & Sons.
- Results publicationKonrad, Peter. (2005). The abc of emg. A practical introduction to kinesiological electromyography, 1(2005), 30-35.
- Results publication: PubMed 19194022Ludewig PM, Reynolds JF. The association of scapular kinematics and glenohumeral joint pathologies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009 Feb;39(2):90-104. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2009.2808.
- Results publication: PubMed 31760624Kibler WB, Sciascia A. Evaluation and Management of Scapular Dyskinesis in Overhead Athletes. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2019 Dec;12(4):515-526. doi: 10.1007/s12178-019-09591-1.
- Results publication: PubMed 16526831Kibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Med. 2006;36(3):189-98. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001.
- Results publication: PubMed 10453772McGill SM, Childs A, Liebenson C. Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999 Aug;80(8):941-4. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90087-4.
- Results publication: PubMed 36506859da Silva LA, Checchia CS, Goncalves GV, Conte LHG, Santana DS, Barela AMF. EVALUATION OF SCAPULAR DYSKINESIS IN CROSSFIT(R)- PRACTICING ATHLETES. Acta Ortop Bras. 2022 Dec 2;30(spe2):e251074. doi: 10.1590/1413-785220223002e251074. eCollection 2022.
- Results publication: PubMed 27190434Uga D, Nakazawa R, Sakamoto M. Strength and muscle activity of shoulder external rotation of subjects with and without scapular dyskinesis. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Apr;28(4):1100-5. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1100. Epub 2016 Apr 28.
- Results publication: PubMed 32758080Tooth C, Gofflot A, Schwartz C, Croisier JL, Beaudart C, Bruyere O, Forthomme B. Risk Factors of Overuse Shoulder Injuries in Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sports Health. 2020 Sep/Oct;12(5):478-487. doi: 10.1177/1941738120931764. Epub 2020 Aug 6.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Scapular Dyskinesis
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Scapular Dyskinesis, run by Berivan Beril Kılıç at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Jan 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Surface EMG (time frame: baseline). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06606405, which also lists 26 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Jan 2025.