FearNCT06611085
Cold Application, Vibration and Vibrating Ice on Pain, Fear and Satisfaction Level in Children
A study testing cold application group, vibration group and vibration and ice group in people with Fear and Pain, run by Tarsus University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cold application, vibration and vibrating ice on pain, fear and satisfaction levels in children aged 7-12 years who underwent blood glucose level measurement.The population of the study will consist of children aged 7-12 years who receive treatment and care in the… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 7 to 12 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Fear, Pain, Satisfaction
- What is being tested?
- cold application group, vibration group and vibration and ice group
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 120 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 17 Oct 2024to 11 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 7 to 12 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- To be between 7-12 years old
- Blood glucose monitoring of the child
- Measurement of blood glucose at least 4 times a day
- Volunteering to participate in the study
Who cannot join
- Having another chronic disease
- Use of painkillers
- Communication, mental or neurological problems
- Having a skin condition on the finger
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Cold Application, Vibration and Vibrating Ice on Pain, Fear and Satisfaction Level in Children Aged 7-12 Years Who Underwent Blood Glucose Level Measurement
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cold application, vibration and vibrating ice on pain, fear and satisfaction levels in children aged 7-12 years who underwent blood glucose level measurement.The population of the study will consist of children aged 7-12 years who receive treatment and care in the pediatric ward of the Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between July 2024 and July 2025. Descriptive Information Form, Child Fear Scale, Numerical Pain Scale and Child Satisfaction Scale will be used to collect the research data.
Read the detailed description
Pain and painful experiences make the child more vulnerable to pain. Since it is not possible to eliminate the feeling of pain in pediatric patients, effective pain management has an important place . This study aimed to determine the effects of cold application, vibration and vibrating ice on pain, fear and satisfaction levels in children aged 7-12 years who underwent blood glucose level measurement.The population of the study will consist of children aged 7-12 years who receive treatment and care in the pediatric ward of the Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between July 2024 and July 2025. Collection of Research Data The study will be started after ethics committee approval and written institutional authorisation.
Data will be collected before blood glucose measurement according to the clinical routine and the time of blood glucose measurement of the child. In the collection of data, pediatric patients admitted to the paediatric ward and their parents who meet the inclusion criteria of the study and agree to participate in the study will be informed about the purpose of the study and the study and their verbal and written permissions will be obtained.
- Data collection forms (Descriptive Information Form, Fear Scale) will be applied to the children and parents in the sample group. Fear assessment of the child will be done by the child, nurse and parent.
- The hand to be used for intervention will be determined by lottery. Cards labelled right and left will be prepared and the child will be asked to draw from the envelope in a closed manner.
- After determining the hands for intervention and control, measurements will be made according to the clinical routine for the first control. In clinical routine practice, in the measurement of blood glucose level, a puncture is performed with a lancet pen, then the first blood is wiped off and the second blood is measured with a glucometer.
- Intervention:
- The index finger of the child will be used in the cold application group. In this group, cold application will be performed by placing the index finger of the designated hand on a 10 x 10 cm ice pack for 30 seconds and then removing the ice pack immediately.
- In the vibration group, the middle finger of the child will be used. In this group, vibration was applied by targeting the tip of the middle finger area using a vibrator device measuring 2x1x3 cm. The insertion of the needle will coincide with the application of the vibration stimulation.
- In the vibration and ice group, cold and vibration stimulation will be applied to the child simultaneously. The ring finger of the designated hand was placed on a 10x10 cm ice pack for 30 seconds and subjected to cold application. Simultaneously, vibration stimulation will be applied to the tip of the middle finger area using a vibrator device with dimensions of 3x1 cm and 2x1 cm. After 30 seconds, the ice bag will be removed and the lancet pen will be adjusted for drilling from the fingertip while vibration stimulation continues.
After blood glucose measurement, Fear Scale, Numerical Pain Scale and Child Satisfaction Scale will be applied after each non-pharmacological intervention. Fear and pain assessment of children will be done by the child, nurse and parent.
- Conditions
- Fear, Pain, Satisfaction
- Being tested
- cold application group, vibration group, vibration and ice group
- Keywords
- fear, pain, satisfaction
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Personal Satisfaction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
cold application groupOther
The index finger of the child will be used in the cold application group. In this group, cold application will be performed by placing the index finger of the designated hand on a 10 x 10 cm ice pack for 30 seconds and then removing the ice pack immediately.
vibration groupOther
The middle finger of the child will be used in the vibration group. In this group, vibration was applied by targeting the tip of the middle finger area using a vibrator device measuring 2x1x3 cm. The insertion of the needle will coincide with the application of the vibration stimulation.
vibration and ice groupOther
In the vibration and ice group, cold and vibration stimulation will be applied to the child simultaneously. The ring finger of the designated hand was placed on a 10x10 cm ice pack for 30 seconds and subjected to cold application. Simultaneously, vibration stimulation will be applied to the tip of the middle finger area using a vibrator device with dimensions of 3x1 cm and 2x1 cm. After 30 seconds, the ice bag will be removed and the lancet pen will be adjusted for drilling from the fingertip while vibration stimulation continues.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| cold application group | Experimental | The index finger of the child will be used in the cold application group. In this group, cold application will be performed by placing the index finger of the designated hand on a 10 x 10 cm ice pack for 30 seconds and then removing the ice pack immediately. Receives: Other: cold application group |
| vibration group | Experimental | The middle finger of the child will be used in the vibration group. In this group, vibration was applied by targeting the tip of the middle finger area using a vibrator device measuring 2x1x3 cm. The insertion of the needle will coincide with the application of the vibration stimulation. Receives: Other: vibration group |
| vibration and ice group | Experimental | In the vibration and ice group, cold and vibration stimulation will be applied to the child simultaneously. The ring finger of the designated hand was placed on a 10x10 cm ice pack for 30 seconds and subjected to cold application. Simultaneously, vibration stimulation will be applied to the tip of the middle finger area using a vibrator device with dimensions of 3x1 cm and 2x1 cm. After 30 seconds, the ice bag will be removed and the lancet pen will be adjusted for drilling from the fingertip while vibration stimulation continues. Receives: Other: vibration and ice group |
| Control | No intervention | After determining the hands for intervention and control, measurement will be made according to the clinical routine for the first control. In clinical routine practice, in the measurement of blood glucose level, a puncture is performed with a lancet pen, then the first blood is wiped off and the second blood is measured with a glucometer. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
fear level
Fear Scale: It was developed by Thurillet et al. to evaluate children's fears based on self-report of children aged 4-12 years. Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Tavşan et al. The scale consists of six facial expressions. The scale grades fear with a score ranging from 0 to 10 (gradually graded two by two) consistent with pain rating scales. The first facial expression indicates that there is no fear, the fear increases from right to left, and the sixth facial expression indicates that the level of fear is the highest.
Measured: 1 day
pain level
Numerical Pain Scale, this method, which aims to determine the severity of pain, aims to explain the patient's pain with numbers. In numerical scales, absence of pain (0) is evaluated as unbearable pain.
Measured: 1 day
Satisfaction level
The Child Satisfaction Scale was developed by the researchers in line with the literature in a way that pediatric patients can easily understand. The numbers between 0 and 10 were placed on a horizontal line by circling the point corresponding to the satisfaction of the children with the education given. In the scale, 0 points means 'not satisfied at all' and 10 points means 'extremely satisfied'.
Measured: 1 day
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Sep 2024
- Study start17 Oct 2024
- Primary completion11 Apr 2025
- Study completion11 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for FearStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomised controlled study
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Tarsus University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Atiye Karakul, Tarsus University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06611085
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024-8-17
- Status last verified
- Apr 2025
- First submitted
- 23 Sep 2024
- Last updated
- 15 Apr 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Al Hayek, A. A., Robert, A. A., Babli, S., Almonea, K. ve Al Dawish, M. A. (2017). Fear of Self-Injectingand Self-TestingandtheRelated Risk Factors in AdolescentswithType 1 Diabetes: A Cross-SectionalStudy. DiabetesTherapy, 8(1). doi:10.1007/s13300-016-0221-8
Andersson V, Bergman S, Henoch I, Simonsson H, Ahlberg K. Pain and pain management in children and adolescents receiving hospital care: a cross-sectional study from Sweden. BMC Pediatr. 2022 May 5;22(1):252. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03319-w.
PubMed 35513880Bergomi P, Scudeller L, Pintaldi S, Dal Molin A. Efficacy of Non-pharmacological Methods of Pain Management in Children Undergoing Venipuncture in a Pediatric Outpatient Clinic: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Audiovisual Distraction and External Cold and Vibration. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018 Sep-Oct;42:e66-e72. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.04.011. Epub 2018 May 1.
PubMed 29728296Hanberger L, Tallqvist E, Richert A, Olinder AL, Forsner M, Morelius E, Nilsson S. Needle-Related Pain, Affective Reactions, Fear, and Emotional Coping in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Manag Nurs. 2021 Aug;22(4):516-521. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2021.01.007. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
PubMed 33640255Yu Z, Zhou Y, Xu X, Lin L, Le Q, Gu Y. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in management of peripheral venipuncture-related pain: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Pediatr. 2023 Feb 3;23(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-03855-z.
PubMed 36737707Yaz SB, Basdemir S, Gectan E. The effect of vibrating cold application and puppet use on pain and fear during phlebotomy in children: A randomized controlled study. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024 Jan-Feb;74:77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.11.018. Epub 2023 Nov 28.
PubMed 38029689
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Apr 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Cold Application, Vibration and Vibrating Ice on Pain, Fear and Satisfaction Level in Children Aged 7-12 Years Who Underwent Blood Glucose Level Measurement
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06611085
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2024-8-17
- Conditions
- Fear, Pain, Satisfaction
- Keywords
- fear, pain, satisfaction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Tarsus UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 17 Oct 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 11 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 11 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cold application, vibration and vibrating ice on pain, fear and satisfaction levels in children aged 7-12 years who underwent blood glucose level measurement.The population of the study will consist of children aged 7-12 years who receive treatment and care in the pediatric ward of the Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between July 2024 and July 2025. Descriptive Information Form, Child Fear Scale, Numerical Pain Scale and Child Satisfaction Scale will be used to collect the research data.
Detailed description
Pain and painful experiences make the child more vulnerable to pain. Since it is not possible to eliminate the feeling of pain in pediatric patients, effective pain management has an important place . This study aimed to determine the effects of cold application, vibration and vibrating ice on pain, fear and satisfaction levels in children aged 7-12 years who underwent blood glucose level measurement.The population of the study will consist of children aged 7-12 years who receive treatment and care in the pediatric ward of the Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between July 2024 and July 2025. Collection of Research Data The study will be started after ethics committee approval and written institutional authorisation.
Data will be collected before blood glucose measurement according to the clinical routine and the time of blood glucose measurement of the child. In the collection of data, pediatric patients admitted to the paediatric ward and their parents who meet the inclusion criteria of the study and agree to participate in the study will be informed about the purpose of the study and the study and their verbal and written permissions will be obtained.
- Data collection forms (Descriptive Information Form, Fear Scale) will be applied to the children and parents in the sample group. Fear assessment of the child will be done by the child, nurse and parent.
- The hand to be used for intervention will be determined by lottery. Cards labelled right and left will be prepared and the child will be asked to draw from the envelope in a closed manner.
- After determining the hands for intervention and control, measurements will be made according to the clinical routine for the first control. In clinical routine practice, in the measurement of blood glucose level, a puncture is performed with a lancet pen, then the first blood is wiped off and the second blood is measured with a glucometer.
- Intervention:
- The index finger of the child will be used in the cold application group. In this group, cold application will be performed by placing the index finger of the designated hand on a 10 x 10 cm ice pack for 30 seconds and then removing the ice pack immediately.
- In the vibration group, the middle finger of the child will be used. In this group, vibration was applied by targeting the tip of the middle finger area using a vibrator device measuring 2x1x3 cm. The insertion of the needle will coincide with the application of the vibration stimulation.
- In the vibration and ice group, cold and vibration stimulation will be applied to the child simultaneously. The ring finger of the designated hand was placed on a 10x10 cm ice pack for 30 seconds and subjected to cold application. Simultaneously, vibration stimulation will be applied to the tip of the middle finger area using a vibrator device with dimensions of 3x1 cm and 2x1 cm. After 30 seconds, the ice bag will be removed and the lancet pen will be adjusted for drilling from the fingertip while vibration stimulation continues.
After blood glucose measurement, Fear Scale, Numerical Pain Scale and Child Satisfaction Scale will be applied after each non-pharmacological intervention. Fear and pain assessment of children will be done by the child, nurse and parent.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 4
- Model description
- Randomised controlled study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| cold application group | Experimental | Other: cold application groupThe index finger of the child will be used in the cold application group. In this group, cold application will be performed by placing the index finger of the designated hand on a 10 x 10 cm ice pack for 30 seconds and then removing the ice pack immediately. |
| vibration group | Experimental | Other: vibration groupThe middle finger of the child will be used in the vibration group. In this group, vibration was applied by targeting the tip of the middle finger area using a vibrator device measuring 2x1x3 cm. The insertion of the needle will coincide with the application of the vibration stimulation. |
| vibration and ice group | Experimental | Other: vibration and ice groupIn the vibration and ice group, cold and vibration stimulation will be applied to the child simultaneously. The ring finger of the designated hand was placed on a 10x10 cm ice pack for 30 seconds and subjected to cold application. Simultaneously, vibration stimulation will be applied to the tip of the middle finger area using a vibrator device with dimensions of 3x1 cm and 2x1 cm. After 30 seconds, the ice bag will be removed and the lancet pen will be adjusted for drilling from the fingertip while vibration stimulation continues. |
| Control | No intervention | –After determining the hands for intervention and control, measurement will be made according to the clinical routine for the first control. In clinical routine practice, in the measurement of blood glucose level, a puncture is performed with a lancet pen, then the first blood is wiped off and the second blood is measured with a glucometer. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 7 to 12 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- To be between 7-12 years old
- Blood glucose monitoring of the child
- Measurement of blood glucose at least 4 times a day
- Volunteering to participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Having another chronic disease
- Use of painkillers
- Communication, mental or neurological problems
- Having a skin condition on the finger
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| cold application groupThe index finger of the child will be used in the cold application group. In this group, cold application will be performed by placing the index finger of the designated hand on a 10 x 10 cm ice pack for 30 seconds and then removing the ice pack immediately. | Other | cold application group |
| vibration groupThe middle finger of the child will be used in the vibration group. In this group, vibration was applied by targeting the tip of the middle finger area using a vibrator device measuring 2x1x3 cm. The insertion of the needle will coincide with the application of the vibration stimulation. | Other | vibration group |
| vibration and ice groupIn the vibration and ice group, cold and vibration stimulation will be applied to the child simultaneously. The ring finger of the designated hand was placed on a 10x10 cm ice pack for 30 seconds and subjected to cold application. Simultaneously, vibration stimulation will be applied to the tip of the middle finger area using a vibrator device with dimensions of 3x1 cm and 2x1 cm. After 30 seconds, the ice bag will be removed and the lancet pen will be adjusted for drilling from the fingertip while vibration stimulation continues. | Other | vibration and ice group |
Primary outcome
fear level
Time frame: 1 day
Fear Scale: It was developed by Thurillet et al. to evaluate children's fears based on self-report of children aged 4-12 years. Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Tavşan et al. The scale consists of six facial expressions. The scale grades fear with a score ranging from 0 to 10 (gradually graded two by two) consistent with pain rating scales. The first facial expression indicates that there is no fear, the fear increases from right to left, and the sixth facial expression indicates that the level of fear is the highest.
pain level
Time frame: 1 day
Numerical Pain Scale, this method, which aims to determine the severity of pain, aims to explain the patient's pain with numbers. In numerical scales, absence of pain (0) is evaluated as unbearable pain.
Satisfaction level
Time frame: 1 day
The Child Satisfaction Scale was developed by the researchers in line with the literature in a way that pediatric patients can easily understand. The numbers between 0 and 10 were placed on a horizontal line by circling the point corresponding to the satisfaction of the children with the education given. In the scale, 0 points means 'not satisfied at all' and 10 points means 'extremely satisfied'.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Apr 2025.
- BackgroundAl Hayek, A. A., Robert, A. A., Babli, S., Almonea, K. ve Al Dawish, M. A. (2017). Fear of Self-Injectingand Self-TestingandtheRelated Risk Factors in AdolescentswithType 1 Diabetes: A Cross-SectionalStudy. DiabetesTherapy, 8(1). doi:10.1007/s13300-016-0221-8
- Background: PubMed 35513880Andersson V, Bergman S, Henoch I, Simonsson H, Ahlberg K. Pain and pain management in children and adolescents receiving hospital care: a cross-sectional study from Sweden. BMC Pediatr. 2022 May 5;22(1):252. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03319-w.
- Background: PubMed 29728296Bergomi P, Scudeller L, Pintaldi S, Dal Molin A. Efficacy of Non-pharmacological Methods of Pain Management in Children Undergoing Venipuncture in a Pediatric Outpatient Clinic: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Audiovisual Distraction and External Cold and Vibration. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018 Sep-Oct;42:e66-e72. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.04.011. Epub 2018 May 1.
- Background: PubMed 33640255Hanberger L, Tallqvist E, Richert A, Olinder AL, Forsner M, Morelius E, Nilsson S. Needle-Related Pain, Affective Reactions, Fear, and Emotional Coping in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Manag Nurs. 2021 Aug;22(4):516-521. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2021.01.007. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
- Background: PubMed 36737707Yu Z, Zhou Y, Xu X, Lin L, Le Q, Gu Y. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in management of peripheral venipuncture-related pain: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Pediatr. 2023 Feb 3;23(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-03855-z.
- Background: PubMed 38029689Yaz SB, Basdemir S, Gectan E. The effect of vibrating cold application and puppet use on pain and fear during phlebotomy in children: A randomized controlled study. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024 Jan-Feb;74:77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.11.018. Epub 2023 Nov 28.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing cold application group, vibration group and vibration and ice group in people with Fear and Pain, run by Tarsus University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Apr 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
fear level (time frame: 1 day). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06611085, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Apr 2025.