Motor Vehicle AccidentHazAPPNCT06611241
Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen Drivers
A study testing Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen Drivers in people with Motor Vehicle Accident and Interaction, Parent-Offspring, run by Elizabeth O'Neal at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study will test an intervention that was developed to improve parents\' driving instruction of teens\' hazard anticipation skills when teens are in the learner phase of licensure. Half of the parents in the study will receive the intervention and half will not. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 14 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Motor Vehicle Accident, Interaction, Parent-Offspring
- What is being tested?
- Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen Drivers
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 103 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 12 Jan 2025to 23 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 14 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adolescents must be between the ages of 14 and 17 years. Additionally, they must be in the learner period of licensure.
- Parents must be the primary instructor of their teen's supervised driving.
Who cannot join
- -Surgery where full range of motion has not been regained
- Heart condition (disturbance of heart rhythm, heart attack or a pacemaker implanted within the last 6 months)
- Diagnosed with seizures or epilepsy with an episode in the past 12 months
- Brain damage from a stroke, tumor, head injury, or infection (active tumor, stroke within last 6 months, or any symptoms that still exist) -Meniere's Disease or any inner ear, dizziness, vertigo, or balance problems
- Does not have normal or corrected-to-normal vision (glasses/contacts ok)
- Does not have normal or corrected-to-normal hearing (hearing aids ok)
Show all 10Show fewer
- Current skeletal, muscular, or neurological problems in neck or back regions, chronic neck and back pain, pinched nerves in neck or back, or back surgery in past year
- Diagnosed with a current serious illness (e.g., Huntingtons, ALS, Alzheimer's, Crohn's, Hodgkin's, Parkinson's, cancer, etc)
- Motion sickness where intensity is moderate or above
- Need for special equipment to help drive
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
This study will test an intervention that was developed to improve parents\' driving instruction of teens\' hazard anticipation skills when teens are in the learner phase of licensure. Half of the parents in the study will receive the intervention and half will not. Investigators will then compare driving instructions given by parents in the two groups by recording driving sessions that parents and teens have together in that real world and by recording a drive that parents and teens will complete in a driving simulator. The driving simulator allows us to expose teens and parents to hazards they may encounter on the roadway without putting them in harm\'s way.
Read the detailed description
The project seeks to test an intervention designed to improve parents' communication about roadway hazards by comparing parent instruction and teen driving outcomes between dyads whose parents were assigned to the intervention vs. the control condition. Participants will be 100 parent-teen dyads. Half of the parent-teen dyads will receive the intervention and half will not. Parents who receive the intervention will complete web-based program developed to help parents instruct teens on how to identify hazards on the roadway and respond appropriately before they pose a crash risk. Parents in the intervention arm of the study will be given approximately 1-2 weeks to complete the training. Parents in the control arm of the study will not receive training. After the delivery period, parents and teens will be given approximately two additional weeks to apply the training in their everyday driving instruction. During this period, parents in both groups will complete a minimum of 4 naturalistic drives with their teen that will be recorded. Investigators will then have teens and parents complete a hazard-laden drive in a driving simulator. Teens will drive and parents will instruct from the passenger seat, just like they would in the real world. Compared to parents in the control group, investigators believe that parents in the intervention group will exhibit improved communication about potential hazard detection with their teens.
- Being tested
- Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen Drivers
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen DriversBehavioural
Also called HazAPP
Parents and teens who receive the intervention will complete a web-based training that provides parents with guidance on how to teach their teen to identify potential hazards on the roadway. The program begins by providing background on teens' difficulty learning this skill and the motivational interviewing techniques that are demonstrated in the course. Parents then engage with a series of hazard videos representing 6 common hazard types. For each hazard, parents watch the hazard unfold, provide an example of what they might say to their teen, and are provided with examples of how to coach their teen through the hazard before it becomes a critical event. Parents and teens then jointly watch 12 videos depicting hazards unfolding on the roadway. Teens are asked to identify the hazard indicate what they believe was the key event that caused the hazard without parental input. Then parents and teens are given an opportunity to replay the video and discuss the hazard together.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen Drivers | Experimental | Parents and teens randomly assigned to this arm of the trial will engage in a web-based training that provides parents with guidance on how to train their teen to identify potential hazards on the roadway. Parents are also given an opportunity to practice these new skills with teens when watching videos unfold together. The program will take 2-3 hours to complete and can be done over a one-week period at the parent's convenience. Receives: Behavioral: Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen Drivers |
| Control | No intervention | The parents and teens in this arm of the study will not receive an intervention of any kind. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Parental instruction of teens' driving in vehicle
Investigators will code whether the parent verbally identifies the hazard, whether instruction from parents is functional or higher order in nature, if instruction precedes or follows the hazard event, and if the instruction contains elements of motivational interviewing. Functional instruction refers to instruction that applies only to the current context (e.g., "Slow down."). High-order instruction includes hazard anticipation communication that can be applied more generally to driving (e.g., "When there are brake lights ahead, be ready to brake too.") or why the hazard is dangerous by causally connecting dangerous features and their potential outcomes. When higher-order, hazard anticipation communication is present, investigators will also code if elements of motivational interviewing are present.
Measured: Measures of parental instruction of teen's driving in the simulator will take place approximately between weeks 2 and 4 weeks of study enrollment.
Parental instruction of teens' driving in simulator
For the simulator drive, investigators will code whether the parent verbally identifies the hazard, whether instruction from parents is functional or higher order in nature, if instruction precedes or follows the hazard event, and if the instruction contains elements of motivational interviewing. Functional instruction refers to instruction that applies only to the current context (e.g., "Slow down."). High-order instruction includes hazard anticipation communication that can be applied more generally to driving (e.g., "When there are brake lights ahead, be ready to brake too.") or why the hazard is dangerous by causally connecting dangerous features and their potential outcomes. When higher-order, hazard anticipation communication is present, investigators will also code if elements of motivational interviewing are present.
Measured: Measures of parental instruction of teen's driving in the simulator will take place approximately 4 weeks after enrollment.
Secondary outcomes (3)
Teens' driving performance - accelerator release
For the simulator driver investigators will also measure if condition assignment is related to improved driving performance among teens. Investigators will specifically measure differences in accelerator release among the two groups in response to roadway hazards and parental instruction.
Measured: Measures of teen's accelerator release in the simulator will take place approximately 4 weeks after enrollment.
Teens' driving performance in simulator - brake force
For the simulator driver investigators will also measure if parental instruction is related to improved driving performance among teens. Investigators will specifically measure differences in brake force among the two groups in response to roadway hazards and parental instruction.
Measured: Measures of teens' driving performance in the simulator will take place approximately 4 weeks after enrollment.
Teens' driving performance in simulator - lane position
For the simulator driver investigators will also measure if condition assignment is related to improved driving performance among teens. The investigators will specifically measure differences in lane position among the two groups in response to roadway hazards and parental instruction.
Measured: Measures of teens' driving performance in the simulator will take place approximately 4 weeks after enrollment.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Sep 2024
- Study start12 Jan 2025
- Primary completion23 Dec 2025
- Study completion23 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Motor Vehicle AccidentStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 103 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Elizabeth O'Neal
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Elizabeth O'Neal, University of Iowa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06611241
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 202010535
- Acronym
- HazAPP
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 2 Sep 2024
- Last updated
- 31 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Data that will program performance metrics (reaction time, accuracy). Data gathered during testing includes reduced metrics of simulator driving performance (speed, lane position, brake force, and acceleration), video capture of parent-teen interactions in naturalistic and simulated roadway environments, parent-teen interaction data reduced via reliable conversation coding, and questionnaire data reported by both parents and teens (e.g., family communication pattern, parenting style, teen temperament, assessment of the driving environment during driving sessions). Shared data will be de-identified and original data will be maintained at the primary investigator's institution. Video data will be deidentified to the extent possible. The investigators will archive all data, metadata, study protocols, and demonstration videos on Databrary (https://nyu.databrary.org/). Databrary is an NSF- and NIH-supported data sharing and archiving site, specializing in studies with children.
Publications
O'Neal EE, Mucciolo E, Rokke-Smith G, Swanson B. HazAPP: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial to enhance parental instruction of teens' hazard anticipation skill during the learner phase of licensure. Inj Epidemiol. 2026 Sep 15;13(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s40621-026-00695-0.
PubMed 42736569
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen Drivers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06611241
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HazAPP / 202010535
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 103 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Elizabeth O'NealUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 12 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 23 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will test an intervention that was developed to improve parents\' driving instruction of teens\' hazard anticipation skills when teens are in the learner phase of licensure. Half of the parents in the study will receive the intervention and half will not. Investigators will then compare driving instructions given by parents in the two groups by recording driving sessions that parents and teens have together in that real world and by recording a drive that parents and teens will complete in a driving simulator. The driving simulator allows us to expose teens and parents to hazards they may encounter on the roadway without putting them in harm\'s way.
Detailed description
The project seeks to test an intervention designed to improve parents' communication about roadway hazards by comparing parent instruction and teen driving outcomes between dyads whose parents were assigned to the intervention vs. the control condition. Participants will be 100 parent-teen dyads. Half of the parent-teen dyads will receive the intervention and half will not. Parents who receive the intervention will complete web-based program developed to help parents instruct teens on how to identify hazards on the roadway and respond appropriately before they pose a crash risk. Parents in the intervention arm of the study will be given approximately 1-2 weeks to complete the training. Parents in the control arm of the study will not receive training. After the delivery period, parents and teens will be given approximately two additional weeks to apply the training in their everyday driving instruction. During this period, parents in both groups will complete a minimum of 4 naturalistic drives with their teen that will be recorded. Investigators will then have teens and parents complete a hazard-laden drive in a driving simulator. Teens will drive and parents will instruct from the passenger seat, just like they would in the real world. Compared to parents in the control group, investigators believe that parents in the intervention group will exhibit improved communication about potential hazard detection with their teens.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen Drivers | Experimental | Behavioral: Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen DriversParents and teens randomly assigned to this arm of the trial will engage in a web-based training that provides parents with guidance on how to train their teen to identify potential hazards on the roadway. Parents are also given an opportunity to practice these new skills with teens when watching videos unfold together. The program will take 2-3 hours to complete and can be done over a one-week period at the parent's convenience. |
| Control | No intervention | –The parents and teens in this arm of the study will not receive an intervention of any kind. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 14 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Adolescents must be between the ages of 14 and 17 years. Additionally, they must be in the learner period of licensure.
- Parents must be the primary instructor of their teen's supervised driving.
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- -Surgery where full range of motion has not been regained
- Heart condition (disturbance of heart rhythm, heart attack or a pacemaker implanted within the last 6 months)
- Diagnosed with seizures or epilepsy with an episode in the past 12 months
- Brain damage from a stroke, tumor, head injury, or infection (active tumor, stroke within last 6 months, or any symptoms that still exist) -Meniere's Disease or any inner ear, dizziness, vertigo, or balance problems
- Does not have normal or corrected-to-normal vision (glasses/contacts ok)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen DriversAlso: HazAPPParents and teens who receive the intervention will complete a web-based training that provides parents with guidance on how to teach their teen to identify potential hazards on the roadway. The program begins by providing background on teens' difficulty learning this skill and the motivational interviewing techniques that are demonstrated in the course. Parents then engage with a series of hazard videos representing 6 common hazard types. For each hazard, parents watch the hazard unfold, provide an example of what they might say to their teen, and are provided with examples of how to coach their teen through the hazard before it becomes a critical event. Parents and teens then jointly watch 12 videos depicting hazards unfolding on the roadway. Teens are asked to identify the hazard indicate what they believe was the key event that caused the hazard without parental input. Then parents and teens are given an opportunity to replay the video and discuss the hazard together. | Behavioural | Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen Drivers |
Primary outcome
Parental instruction of teens' driving in vehicle
Time frame: Measures of parental instruction of teen's driving in the simulator will take place approximately between weeks 2 and 4 weeks of study enrollment.
Investigators will code whether the parent verbally identifies the hazard, whether instruction from parents is functional or higher order in nature, if instruction precedes or follows the hazard event, and if the instruction contains elements of motivational interviewing. Functional instruction refers to instruction that applies only to the current context (e.g., "Slow down."). High-order instruction includes hazard anticipation communication that can be applied more generally to driving (e.g., "When there are brake lights ahead, be ready to brake too.") or why the hazard is dangerous by causally connecting dangerous features and their potential outcomes. When higher-order, hazard anticipation communication is present, investigators will also code if elements of motivational interviewing are present.
Parental instruction of teens' driving in simulator
Time frame: Measures of parental instruction of teen's driving in the simulator will take place approximately 4 weeks after enrollment.
For the simulator drive, investigators will code whether the parent verbally identifies the hazard, whether instruction from parents is functional or higher order in nature, if instruction precedes or follows the hazard event, and if the instruction contains elements of motivational interviewing. Functional instruction refers to instruction that applies only to the current context (e.g., "Slow down."). High-order instruction includes hazard anticipation communication that can be applied more generally to driving (e.g., "When there are brake lights ahead, be ready to brake too.") or why the hazard is dangerous by causally connecting dangerous features and their potential outcomes. When higher-order, hazard anticipation communication is present, investigators will also code if elements of motivational interviewing are present.
3 secondary outcomes
Teens' driving performance - accelerator release
Time frame: Measures of teen's accelerator release in the simulator will take place approximately 4 weeks after enrollment.
Teens' driving performance in simulator - brake force
Time frame: Measures of teens' driving performance in the simulator will take place approximately 4 weeks after enrollment.
Teens' driving performance in simulator - lane position
Time frame: Measures of teens' driving performance in the simulator will take place approximately 4 weeks after enrollment.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Aug 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42736569O'Neal EE, Mucciolo E, Rokke-Smith G, Swanson B. HazAPP: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial to enhance parental instruction of teens' hazard anticipation skill during the learner phase of licensure. Inj Epidemiol. 2026 Sep 15;13(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s40621-026-00695-0.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Data that will program performance metrics (reaction time, accuracy). Data gathered during testing includes reduced metrics of simulator driving performance (speed, lane position, brake force, and acceleration), video capture of parent-teen interactions in naturalistic and simulated roadway environments, parent-teen interaction data reduced via reliable conversation coding, and questionnaire data reported by both parents and teens (e.g., family communication pattern, parenting style, teen temperament, assessment of the driving environment during driving sessions). Shared data will be de-identified and original data will be maintained at the primary investigator's institution. Video data will be deidentified to the extent possible. The investigators will archive all data, metadata, study protocols, and demonstration videos on Databrary (https://nyu.databrary.org/). Databrary is an NSF- and NIH-supported data sharing and archiving site, specializing in studies with children.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen Drivers in people with Motor Vehicle Accident and Interaction, Parent-Offspring, run by Elizabeth O'Neal at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Parental instruction of teens' driving in vehicle (time frame: Measures of parental instruction of teen's driving in the simulator will take place approximately between weeks 2 and 4 weeks of study enrollment.). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06611241, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Aug 2026.