Labor Stage, SecondNCT06648161
Using a Mirror in the Second Stage of Labor: Effects on Duration and Birth Experience
A study testing Labor Mirror in people with Labor Stage, Second, run by Kocaeli University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to investigate the impact of using a labor mirror during the second stage of labor on both the duration of labor and the mother's overall experience. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does using a labor mirror in the second stage of labor affect the duration of labor? Does the use of a labor… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Labor Stage, Second
- What is being tested?
- Labor Mirror
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 122 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2023to 10 Oct 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- between 38-42 weeks of gestation,
- had a healthy fetus,
- had no perinatal and obstetric risk,
- did not have prolonged trauma,
- could understand and speak Turkish
Who cannot join
- preterm labor onset,
- premature rupture of membranes,
- epidural analgesia,
- amniotic fluid with meconium,
- fetal risk
- intervention delivery
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Impact of Using a Mirror in the Second Stage of Labor on Childbirth Duration and Experience
This study aims to investigate the impact of using a labor mirror during the second stage of labor on both the duration of labor and the mother's overall experience. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does using a labor mirror in the second stage of labor affect the duration of labor?
- Does the use of a labor mirror in the second stage of labor affect women's total birth experience scale score? To assess the effect of using a birth mirror during the second stage of labor on the duration of labor and mothers' satisfaction with labor, the researchers will give one group a birth mirror and the other group will receive normal midwifery care.
- In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be positioned so that the woman can see the progress of the baby as she pushes (lithotomy position).
- Within 24 hours after delivery, mothers will complete the Birth Experience Scale and an opinion form about the use of the mirror.
- The control group will not receive any intervention.
Read the detailed description
Childbirth is one of the most significant experiences in a woman's life. The second stage of labor, when the cervix is fully dilated and the baby moves through the birth canal, is a crucial phase. Various techniques and tools are used during this stage to assist delivery, one of which is the labor mirror. This tool allows the mother to visually observe the perineum and monitor the progress of labor, especially in water births. Both handheld and bed-mounted options are available, usually made of acrylic, and they can have adjustable angles for better visualization.
The use of a labor mirror offers several benefits. It enables real-time monitoring of the birthing process, allowing midwives to make timely interventions. More importantly, it helps mothers feel more involved in the birth, boosting their confidence and motivation, especially when they see the baby's head. This can lead to more controlled pushing and potentially shorten the duration of labor.
In summary, the labor mirror can enhance the birth experience by allowing mothers to participate actively and by providing emotional support, which may reduce the length of the second stage of labor. However, its use is not widespread in Turkey. This study aims to investigate the impact of using a labor mirror during the second stage of labor on both the duration of labor and the mother's overall experience.
- Conditions
- Labor Stage, Second
- Being tested
- Labor Mirror
- Medical subject headings
- Neoplasm Metastasis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Labor MirrorOther
The labor mirror used in the second stage of labor allows the mother and midwife to observe the descent and birth of the baby during vaginal delivery and provides instant visualization of progress for the mother and midwife, especially in water births or water births
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experiment | Experimental | In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be used to allow the mother to see her own perineum. Receives: Other: Labor Mirror |
| Control | No intervention | During the birth process, she will receive routine midwifery care and no intervention will be made. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) Total Score
The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) is a validated scale measuring women's birth experiences. It has 22 items across 4 subscales. Total score is the sum of all items converted to a 1-4 scale, yielding a range of 22-88. Higher scores indicate a more positive childbirth experience.
Measured: Within 24 hours postpartum
Secondary outcomes (1)
Duration of the Second Stage of Labor
The duration of the second stage of labor was compared between the experimental and control groups to assess the impact of labor mirror use.
Measured: During the second stage of labor, within the birth process
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Oct 2024
- Study start1 Feb 2023
- Primary completion30 Jun 2024
- Study completion10 Oct 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Labor Stage, SecondStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 122 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kocaeli University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Resmiye Ozdilek, Kocaeli University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06648161
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Suzi-02
- Status last verified
- Aug 2025
- First submitted
- 14 Oct 2024
- Last updated
- 9 Sep 2025
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Sep 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of Using a Mirror in the Second Stage of Labor on Childbirth Duration and Experience
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06648161
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Suzi-02
- Conditions
- Labor Stage, Second
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 122 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Kocaeli UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Oct 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Oct 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 19 Aug 2025
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to investigate the impact of using a labor mirror during the second stage of labor on both the duration of labor and the mother's overall experience. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does using a labor mirror in the second stage of labor affect the duration of labor?
- Does the use of a labor mirror in the second stage of labor affect women's total birth experience scale score? To assess the effect of using a birth mirror during the second stage of labor on the duration of labor and mothers' satisfaction with labor, the researchers will give one group a birth mirror and the other group will receive normal midwifery care.
- In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be positioned so that the woman can see the progress of the baby as she pushes (lithotomy position).
- Within 24 hours after delivery, mothers will complete the Birth Experience Scale and an opinion form about the use of the mirror.
- The control group will not receive any intervention.
Detailed description
Childbirth is one of the most significant experiences in a woman's life. The second stage of labor, when the cervix is fully dilated and the baby moves through the birth canal, is a crucial phase. Various techniques and tools are used during this stage to assist delivery, one of which is the labor mirror. This tool allows the mother to visually observe the perineum and monitor the progress of labor, especially in water births. Both handheld and bed-mounted options are available, usually made of acrylic, and they can have adjustable angles for better visualization.
The use of a labor mirror offers several benefits. It enables real-time monitoring of the birthing process, allowing midwives to make timely interventions. More importantly, it helps mothers feel more involved in the birth, boosting their confidence and motivation, especially when they see the baby's head. This can lead to more controlled pushing and potentially shorten the duration of labor.
In summary, the labor mirror can enhance the birth experience by allowing mothers to participate actively and by providing emotional support, which may reduce the length of the second stage of labor. However, its use is not widespread in Turkey. This study aims to investigate the impact of using a labor mirror during the second stage of labor on both the duration of labor and the mother's overall experience.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experiment | Experimental | Other: Labor MirrorIn the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be used to allow the mother to see her own perineum. |
| Control | No intervention | –During the birth process, she will receive routine midwifery care and no intervention will be made. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- between 38-42 weeks of gestation,
- had a healthy fetus,
- had no perinatal and obstetric risk,
- did not have prolonged trauma,
- could understand and speak Turkish
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- preterm labor onset,
- premature rupture of membranes,
- epidural analgesia,
- amniotic fluid with meconium,
- fetal risk
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Labor MirrorThe labor mirror used in the second stage of labor allows the mother and midwife to observe the descent and birth of the baby during vaginal delivery and provides instant visualization of progress for the mother and midwife, especially in water births or water births | Other | Experiment |
Primary outcome
Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) Total Score
Time frame: Within 24 hours postpartum
The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) is a validated scale measuring women's birth experiences. It has 22 items across 4 subscales. Total score is the sum of all items converted to a 1-4 scale, yielding a range of 22-88. Higher scores indicate a more positive childbirth experience.
1 secondary outcome
Duration of the Second Stage of Labor
Time frame: During the second stage of labor, within the birth process
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Sep 2025.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Labor Mirror in people with Labor Stage, Second, run by Kocaeli University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Sep 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 19 Aug 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) Total Score (time frame: Within 24 hours postpartum). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Sep 2025.