Diet SurveysGENDPCANCT06654674
Gender Differences in Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity: A PCA Approach
An observational study of Diet Surveys and Food Preferences, run by San Raffaele Telematic University at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
This study investigates gender differences in dietary patterns and physical activity using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It aims to identify distinct eating and activity behaviors between men and women in order to develop gender-specific interventions that promote better metabolic health. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Diet Surveys, Food Preferences
- How many people
- 2,509 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2023to 1 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The study population consists of 2,509 adults attending a metabolic health center in Rome, Italy. These participants were recruited between May 2023 and June 2024. The sample includes both men and women, with a focus on identifying gender-specific patterns in dietary behaviors, physical activity, and body composition. Participants underwent bioimpedance analysis and completed questionnaires regarding their eating habits and physical activity levels.
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 18 years or older.
- Participants attending the metabolic health center in Rome, Italy.
- Participants who provided informed consent.
- Participants with complete data on dietary patterns, physical activity, and body composition.
Who cannot join
- Individuals under 18 years of age.
- Participants with diagnosed psychiatric disorders.
- Pregnant women.
- Participants with incomplete or inconsistent data.
- Individuals with alcohol dependence.
- Participants with significant medical conditions that could affect dietary or physical activity assessments (e.g., severe chronic illnesses).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Gender Differences in Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity: An Insight With Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
This study investigates gender differences in dietary patterns and physical activity using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It aims to identify distinct eating and activity behaviors between men and women in order to develop gender-specific interventions that promote better metabolic health. The study was conducted at a metabolic health center in Rome, Italy, with 2,509 participants. Data were collected through questionnaires and body composition assessments, and PCA was applied to classify participants into groups based on their behaviors.
Read the detailed description
The study was designed as a cross-sectional analysis of gender differences in dietary patterns and physical activity, utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify distinct behavioral groups. A total of 2,509 participants were recruited from a metabolic health center in Rome, Italy, between May 2023 and June 2024. The study collected detailed data on eating habits, physical activity, and body composition through questionnaires and bioimpedance analysis. Five distinct behavioral groups were identified through PCA, with significant differences in dietary patterns and physical activity levels between men and women. Men were found to consume more meat and participate in strength training, while women favored vegetable-rich diets and had more structured eating routines. These differences also translated into body composition, with men having more lean mass and women more fat mass.
The study highlights the importance of gender-specific interventions in nutrition and physical activity to improve metabolic health outcomes. The results suggest that men could benefit from increased vegetable consumption, while women could benefit from engaging in more physical activity, particularly strength training. Future research should explore these patterns longitudinally to better understand how these behaviors evolve over time and to develop more tailored interventions.
- Conditions
- Diet Surveys, Food Preferences
- Keywords
- Gender Differences, Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Body Composition, Metabolic Health
- Medical subject headings
- Food Preferences, Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Study Participants | This group consists of 2,509 adult participants recruited from a metabolic health center in Rome, Italy. Data on dietary patterns, physical activity, and body composition were collected and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify trends and patterns related to gender differences in eating behaviors and physical activity. No specific intervention was applied, as this is an observational study. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
The primary outcome is the identification of distinct dietary patterns and physical activity behaviors based on gender differences.
Measured: Cross-sectional assessment at baseline
Secondary outcomes (1)
Physical activity levels based on gender differences
The study will evaluate how gender differences in physical activity are distributed across different PCA-identified groups
Measured: Cross-sectional assessment at baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Oct 2024
- Study start1 Jan 2023
- Primary completion1 Jun 2024
- Study completion1 Jun 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Diet SurveysStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 2,509 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- San Raffaele Telematic University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Mauro Lombardo, San Raffaele Telematic University
- Investigators
- Massimiliano Caprio, MD, PhD, Study chair, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06654674
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PCA_Gender_2024
- Other IDs
- 23/13
- Acronym
- GENDPCA
- Status last verified
- Oct 2024
- First submitted
- 17 Oct 2024
- Last updated
- 23 Oct 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: Individual participant data (IPD) will be made available to researchers upon reasonable request, provided they submit an appropriate justification for its use.
Publications
Alosaimi N, Sherar LB, Griffiths P, Pearson N. Clustering of diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour and related physical and mental health outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2023 Aug 18;23(1):1572. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16372-6.
PubMed 37596591Lombardo M, Krakauer JC, Krakauer NY. Behavioral and dietary determinants of central adiposity assessed by ABSI in a mediterranean clinical sample. Public Health Nutr. 2025 Dec 26;29(1):e10. doi: 10.1017/S1368980025101729.
PubMed 41451686Feraco A, Gorini S, Camajani E, Filardi T, Karav S, Cava E, Strollo R, Padua E, Caprio M, Armani A, Lombardo M. Gender differences in dietary patterns and physical activity: an insight with principal component analysis (PCA). J Transl Med. 2024 Dec 18;22(1):1112. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05965-3.
PubMed 39696430Feraco A, Armani A, Gorini S, Camajani E, Quattrini C, Filardi T, Karav S, Strollo R, Caprio M, Lombardo M. Gender Differences in Dietary Patterns and Eating Behaviours in Individuals with Obesity. Nutrients. 2024 Dec 6;16(23):4226. doi: 10.3390/nu16234226.
PubMed 39683619
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Oct 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Gender Differences in Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity: An Insight With Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06654674
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- GENDPCA / PCA_Gender_2024
- Conditions
- Diet Surveys, Food Preferences
- Keywords
- Gender Differences, Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Body Composition, Metabolic Health
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 2,509 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- San Raffaele Telematic UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Oct 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study investigates gender differences in dietary patterns and physical activity using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It aims to identify distinct eating and activity behaviors between men and women in order to develop gender-specific interventions that promote better metabolic health. The study was conducted at a metabolic health center in Rome, Italy, with 2,509 participants. Data were collected through questionnaires and body composition assessments, and PCA was applied to classify participants into groups based on their behaviors.
Detailed description
The study was designed as a cross-sectional analysis of gender differences in dietary patterns and physical activity, utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify distinct behavioral groups. A total of 2,509 participants were recruited from a metabolic health center in Rome, Italy, between May 2023 and June 2024. The study collected detailed data on eating habits, physical activity, and body composition through questionnaires and bioimpedance analysis. Five distinct behavioral groups were identified through PCA, with significant differences in dietary patterns and physical activity levels between men and women. Men were found to consume more meat and participate in strength training, while women favored vegetable-rich diets and had more structured eating routines. These differences also translated into body composition, with men having more lean mass and women more fat mass.
The study highlights the importance of gender-specific interventions in nutrition and physical activity to improve metabolic health outcomes. The results suggest that men could benefit from increased vegetable consumption, while women could benefit from engaging in more physical activity, particularly strength training. Future research should explore these patterns longitudinally to better understand how these behaviors evolve over time and to develop more tailored interventions.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Study Participants | – | –This group consists of 2,509 adult participants recruited from a metabolic health center in Rome, Italy. Data on dietary patterns, physical activity, and body composition were collected and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify trends and patterns related to gender differences in eating behaviors and physical activity. No specific intervention was applied, as this is an observational study. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The study population consists of 2,509 adults attending a metabolic health center in Rome, Italy. These participants were recruited between May 2023 and June 2024. The sample includes both men and women, with a focus on identifying gender-specific patterns in dietary behaviors, physical activity, and body composition. Participants underwent bioimpedance analysis and completed questionnaires regarding their eating habits and physical activity levels.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Adults aged 18 years or older.
- Participants attending the metabolic health center in Rome, Italy.
- Participants who provided informed consent.
- Participants with complete data on dietary patterns, physical activity, and body composition.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Individuals under 18 years of age.
- Participants with diagnosed psychiatric disorders.
- Pregnant women.
- Participants with incomplete or inconsistent data.
- Individuals with alcohol dependence.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Time frame: Cross-sectional assessment at baseline
The primary outcome is the identification of distinct dietary patterns and physical activity behaviors based on gender differences.
1 secondary outcome
Physical activity levels based on gender differences
Time frame: Cross-sectional assessment at baseline
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Oct 2024.
- Background: PubMed 37596591Alosaimi N, Sherar LB, Griffiths P, Pearson N. Clustering of diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour and related physical and mental health outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2023 Aug 18;23(1):1572. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16372-6.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41451686Lombardo M, Krakauer JC, Krakauer NY. Behavioral and dietary determinants of central adiposity assessed by ABSI in a mediterranean clinical sample. Public Health Nutr. 2025 Dec 26;29(1):e10. doi: 10.1017/S1368980025101729.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39696430Feraco A, Gorini S, Camajani E, Filardi T, Karav S, Cava E, Strollo R, Padua E, Caprio M, Armani A, Lombardo M. Gender differences in dietary patterns and physical activity: an insight with principal component analysis (PCA). J Transl Med. 2024 Dec 18;22(1):1112. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05965-3.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39683619Feraco A, Armani A, Gorini S, Camajani E, Quattrini C, Filardi T, Karav S, Strollo R, Caprio M, Lombardo M. Gender Differences in Dietary Patterns and Eating Behaviours in Individuals with Obesity. Nutrients. 2024 Dec 6;16(23):4226. doi: 10.3390/nu16234226.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. Individual participant data (IPD) will be made available to researchers upon reasonable request, provided they submit an appropriate justification for its use.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Massimiliano Caprio, MD, PhD study chair
IRCCS San Raffaele Roma
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Diet Surveys and Food Preferences, run by San Raffaele Telematic University at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Oct 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (time frame: Cross-sectional assessment at baseline). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06654674, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Oct 2024.