Dietary Supplements: Beetroot Juice Acute SupplementationBEET_TAEKWONDONCT06675305
Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Cognitive Function and Neuromuscular Performance in Elite Female Taekwondo Athletes
A study testing Beetroot juice (James White, UK) in people with Dietary Supplements: Beetroot Juice Acute Supplementation and Dietary Supplement: Placebo Acute Supplementation, run by Universidad Pontificia Comillas at 1 site in Spain.
Trial summary
Beetroot juice is a good source of nitrate (NO3-), which is a precursor of nitric oxide (NO) through the NO3- to nitrite (NO2-) to NO pathway (Lundberg et al., 2008). Consequently, it is thought that a minimum threshold may exist for dietary NO3- consumption of at least 5 mmol to enhance athletic performance (Senefeld… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 to 40 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dietary Supplements: Beetroot Juice Acute Supplementation, Dietary Supplement: Placebo Acute Supplementation
- What is being tested?
- Beetroot juice (James White, UK)
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 7 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSpain
- Study dates
- 1 May 2022to 15 Aug 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 to 40 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age between 16 to 40 years
- Competed in international taekwondo competitions representing her national teams.
- More than6 years of training experience (at least 3 sessions per week).
- Female taekwondo athletes.
Who cannot join
- Male taekwondo athletes.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Beetroot juice is a good source of nitrate (NO3-), which is a precursor of nitric oxide (NO) through the NO3- to nitrite (NO2-) to NO pathway (Lundberg et al., 2008). Consequently, it is thought that a minimum threshold may exist for dietary NO3- consumption of at least 5 mmol to enhance athletic performance (Senefeld et al., 2020). In turn, systematic reviews have documented that the use of beetroot juice supplementation enhances muscle strength and power-related attributes (Gonzalez et al., 2023), as well as performance in repeated high-intensity activity bouts (Alsharif et al., 2023; Dominguez et al., 2018). However, beetroot juice supplementation has been shown to have equivocal effects on neuromuscular performance specifically among individual sport athletes (e.g. taekwondo). Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of acute beetroot juice ingestion (140 mL, 12.8 mmol NO3-) on neuromuscular performance in elite female taekwondo athletes.
Read the detailed description
Beetroot juice is a good source of nitrate (NO3-), which is a precursor of nitric oxide (NO) through the NO3- to nitrite (NO2-) to NO pathway (Lundberg et al., 2008). This pathway is thought to promote increased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release and re-uptake with ensuing enhancements in force output within type II muscle fibers (Hernandez et al., 2012), as well as increased neurotransmitter release (Esen et al., 2022) and attenuated muscle potassium efflux (Wylie et al., 2013) that could benefit neuromuscular performance. Consequently, it is thought that a minimum threshold may exist for dietary NO3- consumption of at least 5 mmol to enhance athletic performance (Senefeld et al., 2020). In turn, systematic reviews have documented that the use of beetroot juice supplementation enhances muscle strength and power-related attributes (Gonzalez et al., 2023), as well as performance in repeated high-intensity activity bouts (Alsharif et al., 2023; Dominguez et al., 2018). However, beetroot juice supplementation has been shown to have equivocal effects on neuromuscular performance specifically among individual sport athletes (e.g. taekwondo). Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of acute beetroot juice ingestion (140 mL, 12.8 mmol NO3-) on neuromuscular performance in elite female taekwondo athletes.
- Conditions
- Dietary Supplements: Beetroot Juice Acute Supplementation, Dietary Supplement: Placebo Acute Supplementation
- Being tested
- Beetroot juice (James White, UK), Placebo acute supplementation (James White, UK)
- Keywords
- nitrate, nitrite, neuromuscular, taekwondo
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Beetroot juice (James White, UK)Dietary supplement
One serving 140 mL of BJ (12.8 mmol of NO3-; Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) after an overnight fast and 2.5 h before initiating the testing session.
Placebo acute supplementation (James White, UK)Dietary supplement
Also called Beetroot juice placebo
One serving 140 mL of BJ (0.04 mmol of NO3-; Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) after an overnight fast and 2.5 h before initiating the testing session.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Beetroot juice supplementation | Experimental | 140 mL of beetroot juice (12.8 mmol of NO3-, Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) made from concentrates of beetroot juice (98%) and lemon juice (2%) (nutritional information (per 100 mL), energy: 373 kJ; fat: 0 g; carbohydrates: 18 g [sugars: 17 g]; protein: 3.7 g; salt: 0.48 g) Receives: Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice (James White, UK) |
| Placebo supplementation | Placebo comparator | 140 mL of beetroot juice placebo without nitrates (0.08 mmol of NO3-, Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) made from concentrates of beetroot juice (98%) and lemon juice (2%) (nutritional information (per 100 mL), energy: 373 kJ; fat: 0 g; carbohydrates: 18 g [sugars: 17 g]; protein: 3.7 g; salt: 0.48 g) Receives: Dietary Supplement: Placebo acute supplementation (James White, UK) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Simulated taekwondo Combat (actions/time)
Simulated taekwondo combat were performed according to the guidelines of the World Taekwondo (WT), and participants were divided based in the Olympic weight categories (WT, 2016). All the combats were executed in an official octagonal and homologated competition area while an international referee (who doesn´t know the experimental treatments) arbitrated. Today the rules of WTF led to use electronic protectors as protecting of athletes and identify electronically the punctuations (Del Vecchio, Franchini, Del Vecchio, \& Pieter, 2011). Variables analyzed were attack time (AT), step time (ST), pause time (PT), period without attack (PWA = ST+PT), numbers of attacks (AN), the ratio for attack time and step time (R1 = AT/ST), and ratio for action time and step time (R2 = (AT+ST) /PT).
Measured: 1-week
Secondary outcomes (4)
Changes in maximal jump height (cm)
Maximal jump height using a contact platform
Measured: 1-week
Reaction time (ms)
Reaction times in a specific reaction test with BlazePod ((Play Coyotta Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel)
Measured: 1-week
Blood lactate concentrations (mmol·L-1)
Previous to the warm-up, just to the end of the simulated combat, and 3 minutes after, a researcher extracted a blood sample of the pad of the index finger of the left hand of the participants.
Measured: 1-week
Rating of percevied exertion (RPE) (measured using scale 6-20 points)
Immediately after each one of the 3 assaults, participants were asked for providing her RPE using a Borg scale from 6 to 20 points
Measured: 1-week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Nov 2024
- Study start1 May 2022
- Primary completion1 Jul 2022
- Study completion15 Aug 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Dietary Supplements: Beetroot Juice Acute SupplementationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 7 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universidad Pontificia Comillas
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, University of Seville
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06675305
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Ethics Committee: 22/172-E_TFM
- Acronym
- BEET_TAEKWONDO
- Status last verified
- Nov 2024
- First submitted
- 4 Nov 2024
- Last updated
- 5 Nov 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Nov 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Cognitive Function and Neuromuscular Performance in Elite Female Taekwondo Athletes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06675305
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BEET_TAEKWONDO / Ethics Committee: 22/172-E_TFM
- Conditions
- Dietary Supplements: Beetroot Juice Acute Supplementation, Dietary Supplement: Placebo Acute Supplementation
- Keywords
- nitrate, nitrite, neuromuscular, taekwondo
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 7 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Universidad Pontificia ComillasUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, University of Seville
- Study start
- 1 May 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jul 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Aug 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Beetroot juice is a good source of nitrate (NO3-), which is a precursor of nitric oxide (NO) through the NO3- to nitrite (NO2-) to NO pathway (Lundberg et al., 2008). Consequently, it is thought that a minimum threshold may exist for dietary NO3- consumption of at least 5 mmol to enhance athletic performance (Senefeld et al., 2020). In turn, systematic reviews have documented that the use of beetroot juice supplementation enhances muscle strength and power-related attributes (Gonzalez et al., 2023), as well as performance in repeated high-intensity activity bouts (Alsharif et al., 2023; Dominguez et al., 2018). However, beetroot juice supplementation has been shown to have equivocal effects on neuromuscular performance specifically among individual sport athletes (e.g. taekwondo). Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of acute beetroot juice ingestion (140 mL, 12.8 mmol NO3-) on neuromuscular performance in elite female taekwondo athletes.
Detailed description
Beetroot juice is a good source of nitrate (NO3-), which is a precursor of nitric oxide (NO) through the NO3- to nitrite (NO2-) to NO pathway (Lundberg et al., 2008). This pathway is thought to promote increased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release and re-uptake with ensuing enhancements in force output within type II muscle fibers (Hernandez et al., 2012), as well as increased neurotransmitter release (Esen et al., 2022) and attenuated muscle potassium efflux (Wylie et al., 2013) that could benefit neuromuscular performance. Consequently, it is thought that a minimum threshold may exist for dietary NO3- consumption of at least 5 mmol to enhance athletic performance (Senefeld et al., 2020). In turn, systematic reviews have documented that the use of beetroot juice supplementation enhances muscle strength and power-related attributes (Gonzalez et al., 2023), as well as performance in repeated high-intensity activity bouts (Alsharif et al., 2023; Dominguez et al., 2018). However, beetroot juice supplementation has been shown to have equivocal effects on neuromuscular performance specifically among individual sport athletes (e.g. taekwondo). Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of acute beetroot juice ingestion (140 mL, 12.8 mmol NO3-) on neuromuscular performance in elite female taekwondo athletes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Beetroot juice supplementation | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice (James White, UK)140 mL of beetroot juice (12.8 mmol of NO3-, Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) made from concentrates of beetroot juice (98%) and lemon juice (2%) (nutritional information (per 100 mL), energy: 373 kJ; fat: 0 g; carbohydrates: 18 g [sugars: 17 g]; protein: 3.7 g; salt: 0.48 g) |
| Placebo supplementation | Placebo comparator | Dietary Supplement: Placebo acute supplementation (James White, UK)140 mL of beetroot juice placebo without nitrates (0.08 mmol of NO3-, Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) made from concentrates of beetroot juice (98%) and lemon juice (2%) (nutritional information (per 100 mL), energy: 373 kJ; fat: 0 g; carbohydrates: 18 g [sugars: 17 g]; protein: 3.7 g; salt: 0.48 g) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 to 40 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Age between 16 to 40 years
- Competed in international taekwondo competitions representing her national teams.
- More than6 years of training experience (at least 3 sessions per week).
- Female taekwondo athletes.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Male taekwondo athletes.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Beetroot juice (James White, UK)One serving 140 mL of BJ (12.8 mmol of NO3-; Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) after an overnight fast and 2.5 h before initiating the testing session. | Dietary supplement | Beetroot juice supplementation |
| Placebo acute supplementation (James White, UK)Also: Beetroot juice placeboOne serving 140 mL of BJ (0.04 mmol of NO3-; Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) after an overnight fast and 2.5 h before initiating the testing session. | Dietary supplement | Placebo supplementation |
Primary outcome
Simulated taekwondo Combat (actions/time)
Time frame: 1-week
Simulated taekwondo combat were performed according to the guidelines of the World Taekwondo (WT), and participants were divided based in the Olympic weight categories (WT, 2016). All the combats were executed in an official octagonal and homologated competition area while an international referee (who doesn´t know the experimental treatments) arbitrated. Today the rules of WTF led to use electronic protectors as protecting of athletes and identify electronically the punctuations (Del Vecchio, Franchini, Del Vecchio, \& Pieter, 2011). Variables analyzed were attack time (AT), step time (ST), pause time (PT), period without attack (PWA = ST+PT), numbers of attacks (AN), the ratio for attack time and step time (R1 = AT/ST), and ratio for action time and step time (R2 = (AT+ST) /PT).
4 secondary outcomes
Changes in maximal jump height (cm)
Time frame: 1-week
Reaction time (ms)
Time frame: 1-week
Blood lactate concentrations (mmol·L-1)
Time frame: 1-week
Rating of percevied exertion (RPE) (measured using scale 6-20 points)
Time frame: 1-week
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Nov 2024.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Beetroot juice (James White, UK) in people with Dietary Supplements: Beetroot Juice Acute Supplementation and Dietary Supplement: Placebo Acute Supplementation, run by Universidad Pontificia Comillas at 1 site in Spain.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Nov 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Simulated taekwondo Combat (actions/time) (time frame: 1-week). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Nov 2024.