Food HabitsNCT06681909
University at Buffalo Campus Veggie Van Mobile Market
An observational study of Food Habits and Food Selection, run by University at Buffalo at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The goal of this observational study is to develop an adaptable mobile produce market model to be used on college campuses to increase college students' access to fresh fruits and vegetables. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Food Habits, Food Selection
- What is being tested?
- UB Campus Veggie Van
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- How many people
- 125 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 23 Aug 2024to 12 Jun 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Food-insecure undergraduate students at the University at Buffalo in Buffalo, NY who are attending classes for the 2024-2025 school year.
Who may be able to join
- current students at the University at Buffalo
- completed the online campus survey (Aim 1 of larger funded project)
- experienced food insecurity during Spring 2024
- undergraduate students
- at least 18 years of age
- speak English
- must plan to return to the University at Buffalo campus in Spring 2025.
Who cannot join
- non-students
- non-English speaking
- students who will not return to campus in Spring 2025
- graduate students
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Adapting the Veggie Van Mobile Market Intervention to Address Disparities in Nutrition Security Among College Students
The goal of this observational study is to develop an adaptable mobile produce market model to be used on college campuses to increase college students' access to fresh fruits and vegetables. Food insecurity on college campuses threatens academic success and student well-being, and affects first generation, lower-income, and racial/ethnic minority students at higher rates. This research will include a pilot campus mobile market operated on the University at Buffalo campus. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1.) What makes it hard for students to eat healthy foods on the University at Buffalo campus, 2.) How does a mobile market need to operate on a college campus to best reach students, and 3.) What is the relationship between mobile market use and changes in how many fruits and vegetables students eat, students' ability to consistently eat foods that promote health and well-being, and participation in the Special Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).
Read the detailed description
As first-generation, low-income, and racial/ethnic minority students have improved their access to higher education, food insecurity in United States campuses has increased and threatens their academic success and well-being. College food pantries have been the most common solution but only offer short-term emergency relief, and stigma has prevented their use. To provide a longer-term evidence-based approach that honors students' choices and dignity, this research will inform the development of an adaptable campus mobile market model that consistently provides access to healthy food and promotes nutrition security. The clinical trial portion of the research will evaluate how intervention dosage, gauged by University at Buffalo Campus Veggie Van (UB Veggie Van) visits, total fruit and vegetable purchasing, and incentive redemption, is associated with changes in fruit and vegetable consumption (including skin carotenoids), nutrition security measures, and Special Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) enrollment from the beginning to the end of the semester.
- Conditions
- Food Habits, Food Selection
- Being tested
- UB Campus Veggie Van
- Medical subject headings
- Feeding Behavior, Food Preferences
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
UB Campus Veggie VanBehavioural
Also called UB Veggie Van
The UB Veggie Van is based on the Veggie Van, an evidence-based mobile produce market intervention. Mobile markets are like farmers' markets on wheels that travel to underserved communities selling high-quality, low-cost produce and healthy foods. The Veggie Van mobile market model was developed through multiple research studies on the efficacy, effectiveness, and implementation of the intervention, and is a multi-level intervention that addresses the five components of nutrition security (availability, accessibility, affordability, stability, and utilization). The UB Veggie Van is operated according to the Veggie Van model, with specific adaptations made to more effectively reach the campus community (Aim 1 of the larger funded study).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Food Insecure Students | Undergraduate students who reported high to moderate food insecurity, are at least 18 years of age, speak English, and plan to return to the University at Buffalo campus in Spring 2025 will receive weekly fruit and vegetable incentives encouraging them to shop at the UB Veggie Van (intervention). They will complete incentivized data collection after 13 weeks of the intervention (incentives/access to UB Veggie Van). Receives: Behavioral: UB Campus Veggie Van |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Fruit and vegetable consumption using items from the National Cancer Institute Dietary Screener Questionnaire and expressed as times per day. The Difference Row represents the change in the number of times fruits and vegetables were consumed per day at baseline and 13 weeks.
Measured: Collected at baseline and after the 13-week intervention period
Change in Nutrition Security Status
To capture broader aspects of nutritional well-being, we administered the 4-item Household Nutrition Security scale (developed by the Center for Nutrition and Health Impact). This scale asks how often (on a 5-point scale where "Always" equals 0 and "Never" equals 5) respondents experienced situations like: having to eat unhealthy foods due to limited options, being unable to obtain foods they felt they should eat, worrying that available food might harm their health, or eating the same thing for days due to lack of resources. We averaged the items to create a nutrition security score (0-4) for each participant, with higher scores reflecting greater nutrition security (i.e. rarely encountering those limitations). This measure is intended to complement food security by focusing on the quality and desirability of foods accessible to the individual. The Difference Row represents the change in nutrition security status scores recorded at baseline and 13 weeks.
Measured: Collected at baseline and after the 13-week intervention period
Change in Skin Carotenoids Score
We will use the "Veggie Meter", a noninvasive finger scan technology that relies on pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy. Skin carotenoid measurements correlate positively and significantly with blood carotenoids and reported dietary fruit and vegetable intake. Skin carotenoid scores are measured using a 0-800 score, with 0 meaning no detected skin carotenoids and therefore low fruit and vegetable intake. Higher scores indicate greater skin carotenoid presence and therefore higher fruit and vegetable consumption. The Difference Row represents the change in skin carotenoid scores between baseline and 13 weeks.
Measured: Collected at baseline and after the 13-week intervention period
Change in Food Security Score
Food security was measured using the 10-item USDA Adult Food Security Survey Module (score range 0-10). This instrument yields a score from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater food insecurity (more frequent or severe food access problems). As per standard thresholds, we classified scores ≥3 as food insecure (which was part of our eligibility criteria). In analysis, we treated food security as a continuous outcome (change in raw score). The Difference Row represents the change in food security score between baseline and 13 weeks.
Measured: Collected at baseline and after the 13-week intervention period
Secondary outcomes (2)
Change in Dietary Choice Score
A 3-item scale assessing the ability to meet dietary preferences and avoid undesired foods. Items included, for example, "I had to eat foods I did not want to because I couldn't get other types of food," with responses from 0 ("always") to 4 ("never"). We reverse-scored as needed and averaged the items so that higher scores (0-4) signify greater dietary autonomy - being able to eat preferred foods and not forced into less-desired choices. The Difference Row represents the change in dietary choice score between baseline and 13 weeks.
Measured: Collected at baseline and after the 13-week intervention period
Change in Healthfulness Choice Score
a 3-item scale assessing perceived control over obtaining healthy foods. Students rated statements such as "I could control if I was able to eat quality fruits and vegetables" on a 0 ("never") to 4 ("always") scale. We computed an average score (0-4) where a higher value indicates a greater ability to access foods that meet one's health needs. The Difference Row represents the change in Healthfulness Choice score between baseline and 13 weeks.
Measured: From baseline to 13-week follow-up
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Nov 2024
- Study start23 Aug 2024
- Primary completion12 Jun 2025
- Study completion12 Jun 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Food HabitsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 125 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University at Buffalo
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Lucia A Leone, University at Buffalo
- Investigators
- Lucia Leone, PhD, Principal investigator, University at Buffalo
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06681909
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1R21MD019367-01
- Other IDs
- R21MD019367
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 6 Nov 2024
- Last updated
- 27 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Adapting the Veggie Van Mobile Market Intervention to Address Disparities in Nutrition Security Among College Students
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06681909
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1R21MD019367-01
- Conditions
- Food Habits, Food Selection
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 125 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University at BuffaloUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)
- Study start
- 23 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 12 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 12 Jun 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 27 Oct 2026
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this observational study is to develop an adaptable mobile produce market model to be used on college campuses to increase college students' access to fresh fruits and vegetables. Food insecurity on college campuses threatens academic success and student well-being, and affects first generation, lower-income, and racial/ethnic minority students at higher rates. This research will include a pilot campus mobile market operated on the University at Buffalo campus. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1.) What makes it hard for students to eat healthy foods on the University at Buffalo campus, 2.) How does a mobile market need to operate on a college campus to best reach students, and 3.) What is the relationship between mobile market use and changes in how many fruits and vegetables students eat, students' ability to consistently eat foods that promote health and well-being, and participation in the Special Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).
Detailed description
As first-generation, low-income, and racial/ethnic minority students have improved their access to higher education, food insecurity in United States campuses has increased and threatens their academic success and well-being. College food pantries have been the most common solution but only offer short-term emergency relief, and stigma has prevented their use. To provide a longer-term evidence-based approach that honors students' choices and dignity, this research will inform the development of an adaptable campus mobile market model that consistently provides access to healthy food and promotes nutrition security. The clinical trial portion of the research will evaluate how intervention dosage, gauged by University at Buffalo Campus Veggie Van (UB Veggie Van) visits, total fruit and vegetable purchasing, and incentive redemption, is associated with changes in fruit and vegetable consumption (including skin carotenoids), nutrition security measures, and Special Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) enrollment from the beginning to the end of the semester.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Food Insecure Students | – | Behavioral: UB Campus Veggie VanUndergraduate students who reported high to moderate food insecurity, are at least 18 years of age, speak English, and plan to return to the University at Buffalo campus in Spring 2025 will receive weekly fruit and vegetable incentives encouraging them to shop at the UB Veggie Van (intervention). They will complete incentivized data collection after 13 weeks of the intervention (incentives/access to UB Veggie Van). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Food-insecure undergraduate students at the University at Buffalo in Buffalo, NY who are attending classes for the 2024-2025 school year.
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- current students at the University at Buffalo
- completed the online campus survey (Aim 1 of larger funded project)
- experienced food insecurity during Spring 2024
- undergraduate students
- at least 18 years of age
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- non-students
- non-English speaking
- students who will not return to campus in Spring 2025
- graduate students
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| UB Campus Veggie VanAlso: UB Veggie VanThe UB Veggie Van is based on the Veggie Van, an evidence-based mobile produce market intervention. Mobile markets are like farmers' markets on wheels that travel to underserved communities selling high-quality, low-cost produce and healthy foods. The Veggie Van mobile market model was developed through multiple research studies on the efficacy, effectiveness, and implementation of the intervention, and is a multi-level intervention that addresses the five components of nutrition security (availability, accessibility, affordability, stability, and utilization). The UB Veggie Van is operated according to the Veggie Van model, with specific adaptations made to more effectively reach the campus community (Aim 1 of the larger funded study). | Behavioural | Food Insecure Students |
Primary outcome
Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Time frame: Collected at baseline and after the 13-week intervention period
Fruit and vegetable consumption using items from the National Cancer Institute Dietary Screener Questionnaire and expressed as times per day. The Difference Row represents the change in the number of times fruits and vegetables were consumed per day at baseline and 13 weeks.
Change in Nutrition Security Status
Time frame: Collected at baseline and after the 13-week intervention period
To capture broader aspects of nutritional well-being, we administered the 4-item Household Nutrition Security scale (developed by the Center for Nutrition and Health Impact). This scale asks how often (on a 5-point scale where "Always" equals 0 and "Never" equals 5) respondents experienced situations like: having to eat unhealthy foods due to limited options, being unable to obtain foods they felt they should eat, worrying that available food might harm their health, or eating the same thing for days due to lack of resources. We averaged the items to create a nutrition security score (0-4) for each participant, with higher scores reflecting greater nutrition security (i.e. rarely encountering those limitations). This measure is intended to complement food security by focusing on the quality and desirability of foods accessible to the individual. The Difference Row represents the change in nutrition security status scores recorded at baseline and 13 weeks.
Change in Skin Carotenoids Score
Time frame: Collected at baseline and after the 13-week intervention period
We will use the "Veggie Meter", a noninvasive finger scan technology that relies on pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy. Skin carotenoid measurements correlate positively and significantly with blood carotenoids and reported dietary fruit and vegetable intake. Skin carotenoid scores are measured using a 0-800 score, with 0 meaning no detected skin carotenoids and therefore low fruit and vegetable intake. Higher scores indicate greater skin carotenoid presence and therefore higher fruit and vegetable consumption. The Difference Row represents the change in skin carotenoid scores between baseline and 13 weeks.
Change in Food Security Score
Time frame: Collected at baseline and after the 13-week intervention period
Food security was measured using the 10-item USDA Adult Food Security Survey Module (score range 0-10). This instrument yields a score from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater food insecurity (more frequent or severe food access problems). As per standard thresholds, we classified scores ≥3 as food insecure (which was part of our eligibility criteria). In analysis, we treated food security as a continuous outcome (change in raw score). The Difference Row represents the change in food security score between baseline and 13 weeks.
2 secondary outcomes
Change in Dietary Choice Score
Time frame: Collected at baseline and after the 13-week intervention period
Change in Healthfulness Choice Score
Time frame: From baseline to 13-week follow-up
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Oct 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Lucia Leone, PhD principal investigator
University at Buffalo
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Food Habits and Food Selection, run by University at Buffalo at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 27 Oct 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption (time frame: Collected at baseline and after the 13-week intervention period). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Oct 2026.