Sports Physical TherapyNCT06696924
Comparitive Effects of Reciprocal Inhibtion and Static Stretching Among Female Athletes
A study testing Reciprocal inhibition and Static stretching in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
The aim of the study is to determine the Comparative effects of Reciprocal Inhibition and Static Stretching on Serratus anterior Muscle on Pain, range of Motion, and Functional ability among Female Amateur Athletes Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 17 to 30 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Physical Therapy
- What is being tested?
- Reciprocal inhibition and Static stretching
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 56 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 24 May 2024to 20 Feb 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 17 to 30 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Females
- Ages between 17-30 years
- Amateur athletes ( badminton, weight lifting, Volleyball, tennis)
- Pain in the upper limb ( Moderate pain 5-6 level on NPRS scale)
- To check Serratus anterior ( females with strength test positive and shakiness weakness on pressing or overhead activities )
- Overhead range of motion of the shoulder ( those with less than 180 degrees)
Who cannot join
- Fractures
- Musculoskeletal problems ( radiculopathy, myelopathy, inflammatory arthritis)
- International athletes
- Recent surgery thoracic spine
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects of Reciprocal Inhibition and Static Stretching on Serratus Anterior Muscle on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Ability Among Female Amateur Athletes.
The aim of the study is to determine the Comparative effects of Reciprocal Inhibition and Static Stretching on Serratus anterior Muscle on Pain, range of Motion, and Functional ability among Female Amateur Athletes
Read the detailed description
There is an absence of extensive studies comparing the effects of reciprocal inhibition and static stretching specifically on the serratus anterior muscle among female amateur athletes. While some research exists on the general effects of these techniques, there is a gap in gender-specific studies and their application to amateur athletes. By conducting more detailed research in this area, we can better understand how these affect athletes, their pain levels, range of motion, and overall functional ability. This would provide valuable insights for designing warm-up routines and optimizing performance for female amateur athletes.
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Being tested
- Reciprocal inhibition, Static stretching
- Keywords
- Reciprocal inhibition, Static stretching, Serratus Anterior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Reciprocal inhibitionOther
First Subjects will start doing baseline warmup exercises which are mentioned then they will perform reciprocal inhibition of the serratus muscle in supine or side-lying. After identifying the antagonist muscles of the serratus anterior, which are typically the rhomboids or the middle and lower trapezius. Athletes will perform a gentle contraction of the antagonist's muscles by retracting or squeezing their shoulder blades together. While the antagonist muscles are contracting, we will ask the athlete to simultaneously relax and lengthen the serratus anterior muscle. The patient can achieve this by protracting or pushing their shoulder blades forward and away from each other.
Static stretchingOther
Subjects will perform 2 stretches
- Standing Wall Stretch: Stand facing a wall with your feet about hip-width apart. Place their palms on the wall at shoulder height, slightly wider than shoulder-width apart. will Lean their body forward, keeping their arms straight, until feel a stretch in their serratus anterior. Hold the stretch for 15 to 30 seconds, then slowly release. Instead of using a wall or object, the athlete will use their opposite hand to hold the stretched arm in position.
- Seated Cross-Body Stretch: Sit on the edge of a chair or bench. Cross one arm over your chest, placing your hand on the opposite shoulder. The athlete will use the other hand to gently pull the crossed arm closer to your body, feeling a stretch in the serratus anterior. Hold the stretch for 15 to 30 seconds or more, and then switch sides and repeat.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Reciprocal inhibition | Experimental | First Subjects will start doing baseline warmup exercises which are mentioned then they will perform reciprocal inhibition of the serratus muscle in side-lying. After identifying the antagonist muscles of the serratus anterior, which are typically the rhomboids or the middle and lower trapezius. Athletes will perform a gentle contraction of the antagonist's muscles by retracting or squeezing their shoulder blades together. While the antagonist muscles are contracting, we will ask the athlete to simultaneously relax and lengthen the serratus anterior muscle. The patient can achieve this by protracting or pushing their shoulder blades forward and away from each other. Receives: Other: Reciprocal inhibition |
| Static Stretching | Experimental | After performing baseline warmup exercises, Athlete will perform 2 exercises Standing wall stretch and seated cross body stretch Receives: Other: Static stretching |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain scale
For measuring pain, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) will be used. The 11-point numeric scale ranges from '0' representing one pain extreme (e.g. "no pain") to '10' representing the other pain extreme (e.g. "pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable"). This will be asked prior to exercise and after 6 weeks .
Measured: 6 weeks
Range of motion
It will be assessed using a goniometer for the shoulder before starting the exercises and after 6 weeks.
Measured: 6 weeks
Upper Extremity Functional Scale
It is a questionnaire related to daily activities which are asked by athletes who have upper extremity issues to check in which activity they are facing issues.
Measured: 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Nov 2024
- Study start24 May 2024
- Primary completion15 Feb 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion20 Feb 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sports Physical TherapyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 56 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Areeza hamid, DPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06696924
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR and AHS/24/0412
- Status last verified
- Feb 2025
- First submitted
- 18 Nov 2024
- Last updated
- 12 Feb 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Barcia AM, Makovicka JL; MRAB Study Group; Spenciner DB, Chamberlain AM, Jacofsky MC, Gabriel SM, Moroder P, von Rechenberg B, Sengun MZ, Tokish JM. Scapular motion in the presence of rotator cuff tears: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021 Jul;30(7):1679-1692. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.12.012. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
PubMed 33540119Arntz F, Markov A, Behm DG, Behrens M, Negra Y, Nakamura M, Moran J, Chaabene H. Chronic Effects of Static Stretching Exercises on Muscle Strength and Power in Healthy Individuals Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review with Multi-level Meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2023 Mar;53(3):723-745. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01806-9. Epub 2023 Jan 31.
PubMed 36719536Xu X, Lin JH, McGorry RW. A regression-based 3-D shoulder rhythm. J Biomech. 2014 Mar 21;47(5):1206-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.01.043. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
PubMed 24534377Wagner ER, Hussain ZB, Karzon AL, Warner JJP, Elhassan BT, Sanchez-Sotelo J. The Scapula: The Greater Masquerader of Shoulder Pathologies. Instr Course Lect. 2024;73:587-607.
PubMed 38090927Gillani SN, Ain Q-, Rehman SU, Masood T. Effects of eccentric muscle energy technique versus static stretching exercises in the management of cervical dysfunction in upper cross syndrome: a randomized control trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 Mar;70(3):394-398. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.300417.
PubMed 32207413Osama M, Shakil Ur Rehman S. Effects of static stretching as compared to autogenic inhibition and reciprocal inhibition muscle energy techniques in the management of mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 May;70(5):786-790. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.9596.
PubMed 32400728Jawade S, Chitale N Jr, Phansopkar P. The Effect of Reciprocal Inhibition Techniques on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Activities in Patients With Upper Trapezitis. Cureus. 2023 Feb 1;15(2):e34487. doi: 10.7759/cureus.34487. eCollection 2023 Feb.
PubMed 36874329Joshi R, Poojary N. The Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Posture Correction Exercises on Pain and Function in Patients with Non-specific Chronic Neck Pain Having Forward Head Posture-a Randomized Controlled Trail. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2022 Jun 1;15(2):14-21. doi: 10.3822/ijtmb.v15i2.673. eCollection 2022 Jun.
PubMed 35686175Hsu FY, Tsai KL, Lee CL, Chang WD, Chang NJ. Effects of Dynamic Stretching Combined With Static Stretching, Foam Rolling, or Vibration Rolling as a Warm-Up Exercise on Athletic Performance in Elite Table Tennis Players. J Sport Rehabil. 2020 Apr 28;30(2):198-205. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0442.
PubMed 32350145Zeleznik P, Jelen A, Kalc K, Behm DG, Kozinc Z. Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on hamstrings muscle stiffness and range of motion: a randomized cross-over study. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024 Mar;124(3):1005-1014. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05325-x. Epub 2023 Oct 6.
PubMed 37803178
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Feb 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Reciprocal Inhibition and Static Stretching on Serratus Anterior Muscle on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Ability Among Female Amateur Athletes.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06696924
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR and AHS/24/0412
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- Reciprocal inhibition, Static stretching, Serratus Anterior
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 56 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 24 May 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Feb 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 20 Feb 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 20 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of the study is to determine the Comparative effects of Reciprocal Inhibition and Static Stretching on Serratus anterior Muscle on Pain, range of Motion, and Functional ability among Female Amateur Athletes
Detailed description
There is an absence of extensive studies comparing the effects of reciprocal inhibition and static stretching specifically on the serratus anterior muscle among female amateur athletes. While some research exists on the general effects of these techniques, there is a gap in gender-specific studies and their application to amateur athletes. By conducting more detailed research in this area, we can better understand how these affect athletes, their pain levels, range of motion, and overall functional ability. This would provide valuable insights for designing warm-up routines and optimizing performance for female amateur athletes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Reciprocal inhibition | Experimental | Other: Reciprocal inhibitionFirst Subjects will start doing baseline warmup exercises which are mentioned then they will perform reciprocal inhibition of the serratus muscle in side-lying. After identifying the antagonist muscles of the serratus anterior, which are typically the rhomboids or the middle and lower trapezius. Athletes will perform a gentle contraction of the antagonist's muscles by retracting or squeezing their shoulder blades together. While the antagonist muscles are contracting, we will ask the athlete to simultaneously relax and lengthen the serratus anterior muscle. The patient can achieve this by protracting or pushing their shoulder blades forward and away from each other. |
| Static Stretching | Experimental | Other: Static stretchingAfter performing baseline warmup exercises, Athlete will perform 2 exercises Standing wall stretch and seated cross body stretch |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 17 to 30 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Females
- Ages between 17-30 years
- Amateur athletes ( badminton, weight lifting, Volleyball, tennis)
- Pain in the upper limb ( Moderate pain 5-6 level on NPRS scale)
- To check Serratus anterior ( females with strength test positive and shakiness weakness on pressing or overhead activities )
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Fractures
- Musculoskeletal problems ( radiculopathy, myelopathy, inflammatory arthritis)
- International athletes
- Recent surgery thoracic spine
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Reciprocal inhibitionFirst Subjects will start doing baseline warmup exercises which are mentioned then they will perform reciprocal inhibition of the serratus muscle in supine or side-lying. After identifying the antagonist muscles of the serratus anterior, which are typically the rhomboids or the middle and lower trapezius. Athletes will perform a gentle contraction of the antagonist's muscles by retracting or squeezing their shoulder blades together. While the antagonist muscles are contracting, we will ask the athlete to simultaneously relax and lengthen the serratus anterior muscle. The patient can achieve this by protracting or pushing their shoulder blades forward and away from each other. | Other | Reciprocal inhibition |
| Static stretchingSubjects will perform 2 stretches 1. Standing Wall Stretch: Stand facing a wall with your feet about hip-width apart. Place their palms on the wall at shoulder height, slightly wider than shoulder-width apart. will Lean their body forward, keeping their arms straight, until feel a stretch in their serratus anterior. Hold the stretch for 15 to 30 seconds, then slowly release. Instead of using a wall or object, the athlete will use their opposite hand to hold the stretched arm in position. 2. Seated Cross-Body Stretch: Sit on the edge of a chair or bench. Cross one arm over your chest, placing your hand on the opposite shoulder. The athlete will use the other hand to gently pull the crossed arm closer to your body, feeling a stretch in the serratus anterior. Hold the stretch for 15 to 30 seconds or more, and then switch sides and repeat. | Other | Static Stretching |
Primary outcome
Pain scale
Time frame: 6 weeks
For measuring pain, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) will be used. The 11-point numeric scale ranges from '0' representing one pain extreme (e.g. "no pain") to '10' representing the other pain extreme (e.g. "pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable"). This will be asked prior to exercise and after 6 weeks .
Range of motion
Time frame: 6 weeks
It will be assessed using a goniometer for the shoulder before starting the exercises and after 6 weeks.
Upper Extremity Functional Scale
Time frame: 6 weeks
It is a questionnaire related to daily activities which are asked by athletes who have upper extremity issues to check in which activity they are facing issues.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Feb 2025.
- Background: PubMed 33540119Barcia AM, Makovicka JL; MRAB Study Group; Spenciner DB, Chamberlain AM, Jacofsky MC, Gabriel SM, Moroder P, von Rechenberg B, Sengun MZ, Tokish JM. Scapular motion in the presence of rotator cuff tears: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021 Jul;30(7):1679-1692. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.12.012. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
- Background: PubMed 36719536Arntz F, Markov A, Behm DG, Behrens M, Negra Y, Nakamura M, Moran J, Chaabene H. Chronic Effects of Static Stretching Exercises on Muscle Strength and Power in Healthy Individuals Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review with Multi-level Meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2023 Mar;53(3):723-745. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01806-9. Epub 2023 Jan 31.
- Background: PubMed 24534377Xu X, Lin JH, McGorry RW. A regression-based 3-D shoulder rhythm. J Biomech. 2014 Mar 21;47(5):1206-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.01.043. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
- Background: PubMed 38090927Wagner ER, Hussain ZB, Karzon AL, Warner JJP, Elhassan BT, Sanchez-Sotelo J. The Scapula: The Greater Masquerader of Shoulder Pathologies. Instr Course Lect. 2024;73:587-607.
- Background: PubMed 32207413Gillani SN, Ain Q-, Rehman SU, Masood T. Effects of eccentric muscle energy technique versus static stretching exercises in the management of cervical dysfunction in upper cross syndrome: a randomized control trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 Mar;70(3):394-398. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.300417.
- Background: PubMed 32400728Osama M, Shakil Ur Rehman S. Effects of static stretching as compared to autogenic inhibition and reciprocal inhibition muscle energy techniques in the management of mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 May;70(5):786-790. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.9596.
- Background: PubMed 36874329Jawade S, Chitale N Jr, Phansopkar P. The Effect of Reciprocal Inhibition Techniques on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Activities in Patients With Upper Trapezitis. Cureus. 2023 Feb 1;15(2):e34487. doi: 10.7759/cureus.34487. eCollection 2023 Feb.
- Background: PubMed 35686175Joshi R, Poojary N. The Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Posture Correction Exercises on Pain and Function in Patients with Non-specific Chronic Neck Pain Having Forward Head Posture-a Randomized Controlled Trail. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2022 Jun 1;15(2):14-21. doi: 10.3822/ijtmb.v15i2.673. eCollection 2022 Jun.
- Background: PubMed 32350145Hsu FY, Tsai KL, Lee CL, Chang WD, Chang NJ. Effects of Dynamic Stretching Combined With Static Stretching, Foam Rolling, or Vibration Rolling as a Warm-Up Exercise on Athletic Performance in Elite Table Tennis Players. J Sport Rehabil. 2020 Apr 28;30(2):198-205. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0442.
- Background: PubMed 37803178Zeleznik P, Jelen A, Kalc K, Behm DG, Kozinc Z. Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on hamstrings muscle stiffness and range of motion: a randomized cross-over study. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024 Mar;124(3):1005-1014. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05325-x. Epub 2023 Oct 6.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Areeza hamid, DPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Reciprocal inhibition and Static stretching in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Feb 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain scale (time frame: 6 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06696924, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Feb 2025.