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Hepatocellular CarcinomaPhase 2ZENOBIANCT06698250

Zanzalintinib (XL-092) Plus Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (ZENOBIA)

A Phase 2 study testing Zanzalintinib, Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in people with Hepatocellular Carcinoma, run by Anwaar Saeed at 3 sites in United States.

Recruiting

Looking for participants now. Contact the study team or a site below to ask about taking part.

Sites and contacts
Official record
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Trial summary

This study will investigate if modulating the tumor microenvironment with biologic agents like XL-092 will have synergistic effect when combined with checkpoint based immunotherapeutic treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
What is being tested?
Zanzalintinib, Durvalumab and Tremelimumab
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
40 participants
Where
3 sitesUnited States
Study dates
18 Dec 2024to 30 Apr 2027
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Patients must have unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Patients must be treatment naïve for systemic therapy in the unresectable setting.
  • ≥ 18 years and ECOG performance status 0-1
  • Recovery to baseline or ≤ Grade 1 severity (CTCAE v5) from adverse events (AEs), unless AE(s) are clinically nonsignificant and/or stable on supportive therapy (e.g., physiological replacement of mineralocorticosteroid).
  • Adequate organ and marrow function, based upon meeting all of the following laboratory criteria within 14 days before first dose of study treatment.
  • Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) ≤ 1 mg/mg (≤ 113.2 mg/mmol) creatinine. Tumor tissue fresh biopsies are REQUIRED for ALL study participants at screening/baseline unless an archival tumor tissue block is available and fulfills the criteria
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  • Note that PI approval can be obtained if institution is unable to release blocks.
  • Capable of understanding and complying with the protocol requirements and must have signed the informed consent document.
  • Sexually active fertile subjects and their partners must agree to use highly effective method of contraception prior to study entry, during the course of the study, and for the following durations after the last dose of treatment (whichever is later). An additional contraceptive method, such as a barrier method (e.g., condom), is required. In addition, men must agree not to donate sperm and women must agree not to donate eggs (ova, oocyte) for the purpose of reproduction during these same periods.
  • Female subjects of childbearing potential must not be pregnant at screening. Female subjects are considered to be of childbearing potential unless permanent sterilization or documented postmenopausal status criteria are met.

Who cannot join

  • Prior treatment with XL092, or PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 inhibitors.
  • Receipt of any type of small molecule kinase inhibitor such as cabozantinib or other MET or Dual MET/HGF monoclonal antibodies or MET/HGF tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), or any other VEGFR TKIs (including investigational kinase inhibitor) within 2 weeks before first dose of study treatment.
  • Receipt of any type of cytotoxic, biologic or other systemic anticancer therapy (including investigational) within 4 weeks before first dose of study treatment.
  • Radiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, any other radiation therapy within 4 weeks before first dose of study treatment. Systemic treatment with radionuclides within 6 weeks before first dose of study treatment. Subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy are not eligible.
  • Known brain metastases or cranial epidural disease unless adequately treated with radiotherapy and/or surgery (including radiosurgery) and stable for at least 4 weeks before first dose of study treatment.
  • Note: Subjects with an incidental finding of an isolated brain lesion < 1 cm in diameter may be eligible after Principal Investigator approval if the lesion is radiographically stable for 4 weeks before first dose and does not require treatment per Investigator judgement.
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  • Note: Eligible subjects must be neurologically asymptomatic and without corticosteroid treatment at the time of first dose of study treatment.
  • Concomitant anticoagulation with oral anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin and direct thrombin inhibitors) and platelet inhibitors (e.g., clopidogrel).
  • Note: Allowed anticoagulants are low-dose aspirin for cardioprotection (per local applicable guidelines) and low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). Therapeutic doses of LMWH are not permitted in subjects with known brain metastases. Subjects treated with therapeutic LMWH must have a screening platelet count > 100,000/μL. Note: Subjects must have discontinued oral anticoagulants within 3 days or 5 half-lives prior to first dose of study treatment, whichever is longer.
  • Any complementary medications (e.g., herbal supplements or traditional Chinese medicines) to treat the disease under study within 2 weeks before first dose of study treatment.
  • The subject has uncontrolled, significant intercurrent or recent illness including, but not limited to, the following conditions:
  • Cardiovascular disorders: i. Congestive heart failure New York Heart Association Class 3 or 4, unstable angina pectoris, serious cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular flutter, ventricular fibrillation, Torsades de pointes). ii. Uncontrolled hypertension defined as sustained blood pressure (BP) > 140 mm Hg systolic or > 90 mm Hg diastolic despite optimal antihypertensive treatment. iii. Stroke (including transient ischemic attack [TIA]), myocardial infarction, or other clinically significant ischemic event within 12 months before first dose of study treatment. iv. Pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or prior clinically significant venous or non-CVA/TIA arterial thromboembolic events within 6 months before to first dose of study treatment. Note: Subjects with a diagnosis of DVT within 6 months are allowed if asymptomatic and stable at screening and treated with anticoagulation per standard of care before first dose of study treatment. Note: Subjects who don't require prior anticoagulation therapy may be eligible but must be discussed and approved by the Principal Investigator. v. Prior history of myocarditis. b. Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders including those associated with a high risk of perforation or fistula formation: i. Tumors invading the GI-tract from external viscera
  • Active peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, cholecystitis, symptomatic cholangitis or appendicitis, or acute pancreatitis iii. Acute obstruction of the bowel, gastric outlet, or pancreatic or biliary duct within 6 months unless cause of obstruction is definitively managed and subject is asymptomatic iv. Abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, bowel obstruction, or intra- abdominal abscess within 6 months before first dose. Note: Complete healing of an intra-abdominal abscess must be confirmed before first dose of study treatment. v. Known gastric or esophageal varices
  • Clinically significant hematuria, hematemesis, or hemoptysis of > 0.5 teaspoon (2.5 ml) of red blood, or other history of significant bleeding (e.g., pulmonary hemorrhage) within 12 weeks before first dose of study treatment.
  • Cavitating pulmonary lesion(s) or known endotracheal or endobronchial disease manifestation.
  • Lesions invading major blood vessel including, but not limited to, inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery, or aorta. Subjects with lesions invading the hepatic portal vasculature are eligible. Note: Subjects with intravascular tumor extension (e.g., tumor thrombus in renal vein or inferior V.
  • cava) may be eligible following Principal Investigator approval.
  • Other clinically significant disorders that would preclude safe study participation.
  • Active infection requiring systemic treatment. Note: Prophylactic antibiotic treatment is allowed.
  • Known infection with acute or chronic hepatitis B or C, known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illness.
  • Known positive test for or suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2 within one month before enrollment. Note: demonstration that the subject has fully recovered from the infection is required to be eligible for enrollment
  • Serious non-healing wound/ulcer/bone fracture. Note: non-healing wounds or ulcers are permitted if due to tumor-associated skin lesions.
  • Malabsorption syndrome.
  • Pharmacologically uncompensated, symptomatic hypothyroidism.
  • Moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B or C).
  • Requirement for hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
  • History of solid organ or allogeneic stem cell transplant.
  • Major surgery within 8 weeks prior to first dose of study treatment. Prior laparoscopic nephrectomy within 4 weeks prior to first dose of study treatment. Minor surgery within 10 days before the first dose of study treatment. Complete wound healing from major or minor surgery must have occurred at least prior to first dose of study treatment.
  • Note: Fresh tumor biopsies should be performed at least 7 days before the first dose of study treatment. Subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior surgical procedures, including biopsies, are not eligible.
  • Corrected QT interval calculated by the Fridericia formula (QTcF) > 450 ms for males or > 470 for females within 14 days per electrocardiogram (ECG) before first dose of study treatment.
  • Note: Triplicate ECG evaluations will be performed and the average of these 3 consecutive results for QTcF will be used to determine eligibility.
  • History of psychiatric illness likely to interfere with ability to comply with protocol requirements or give informed consent.
  • Pregnant or lactating females.
  • Inability to swallow tablets.
  • Previously identified allergy or hypersensitivity to components of the study treatment formulations.
  • Any other active malignancy or diagnosis of another malignancy within 2 years before first dose of study treatment, except for superficial skin cancers, or localized, low grade tumors deemed cured and not treated with systemic therapy. Incidentally diagnosed prostate cancer is allowed if assessed as stage ≤ T2N0M0 and Gleason score ≤ 6.
  • Other conditions, which in the opinion of the Investigator, would compromise the safety of the patient or the patient's ability to complete the study.
  • Any active, known or suspected autoimmune disease requiring long term treatment with immunosuppressive medications. Note: Subjects with type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism only requiring hormone replacement, skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll.
  • Known positive test for tuberculosis infection if supported by clinical or radiographic evidence of disease.
  • History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia (e.g., bronchiolitis obliterans), drug-induced pneumonitis, idiopathic pneumonitis, or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest computerized tomography (CT) scan. History of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted.
  • Free thyroxine (FT4) outside the laboratory normal reference range. Asymptomatic subjects with FT4 abnormalities can be eligible after Principal Investigator approval.
  • Diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy (> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalent) or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 2 weeks prior to first dose of study treatment. Inhaled, intranasal, intraarticular, and topical corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids are allowed. Note: Adrenal replacement steroid doses > 10 mg daily prednisone equivalent are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease. Transient short-term use of higher doses of systemic corticosteroids for allergic conditions (e.g., contrast allergy) is also allowed.
  • Administration of a live, attenuated vaccine within 30 days before first dose of study treatment.
  • Documented hepatic encephalopathy (HE) within 6 months before first dose of study treatment.
  • Clinically meaningful ascites (i.e., ascites requiring paracentesis or escalation in diuretics) within 6 months before first dose of study treatment.
  • Subjects who have received any local anticancer therapy including surgery, regional ablative therapies including thermal ablation, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), Microwave Ablation (MWA) transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), or transarterial radioembolization (TARE) within 28 days prior to first dose of study treatment.
  • Child Pugh score > 7.

Trial locations and contacts

3 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Debra Diecks contact

4126238364

diecksda@upmc.edu

United States3 sites, 3 recruiting

  • Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center

    Houston, Texas, 77030

    Safiya Joseph, RC, 346-238-2420, sdjoseph@houstonmethodist.org

    Frances Saubon, RC, (832) 522-8398, fsaubon@houstonmethodist.org

    Not yet recruiting

  • UPMC Hillman Cancer Center

    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15232

    Debra Diecks, 4126238364, diecksda@upmc.edu

    Anwaar Saeed, MD

    Recruiting

  • Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio

    San Antonio, Texas, 78229

    Jennifer Moseley, moseleyj@uthscsa.edu

    Ofelia Romero, romeroo@uthscsa.edu

    Not yet recruiting

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Phase II Trial of Zanzalintinib (XL-092) in Combination With Durvalumab Plus Tremelimumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (ZENOBIA)

This study will investigate if modulating the tumor microenvironment with biologic agents like XL-092 will have synergistic effect when combined with checkpoint based immunotherapeutic treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Read the detailed description

Zanzalintinib (XL-092) is a next generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with the target inhibition profile identical to cabozantinib but with a superior pharmacokinetic profile. As cabozantinib targets multiple tyrosine kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET), and AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL), and has been reported to show immunomodulatory properties that may counteract tumor-induced immunosuppression, XL-092 is expected to have similar immune modulatory activity, providing a rationale for combining it with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors. This study asserts the belief that modulating the tumor microenvironment with biologic agents like XL-092 will have synergistic effect when combined with checkpoint based immunotherapeutics like durvalumab and tremelimumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There will be a Safety lead-in to define the Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D) that will enroll 6-12 patients.

Being tested
Zanzalintinib, Durvalumab, Tremelimumab
Keywords
tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL), Programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1)
Medical subject headings
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • ZanzalintinibDrug

    Also called XL-092

    Next generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with the target inhibition profile identical to cabozantinib but with a superior pharmacokinetic profile.

  • DurvalumabDrug

    Also called Imfinzi

    Durvalumab is a human immunoglobulin G1 kappa (IgG1κ) monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) with the PD-1 (CD279)

  • TremelimumabDrug

    Also called Imjudo

    Tremelimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma designed to attach to and block CTLA-4, a protein that controls the activity of T cells

Study groups in NCT06698250
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Safety Lead-in - Zanzalintinib (XL-092) + Tremelimumab (IV) + Durvalumab (IV)ExperimentalSafety Lead-in: XL-092: The first dose level (dose level 0) will follow the rolling 6 design*. The participants enrolled in this study part will receive one cycle of XL-092 60 mg orally (PO) daily plus durvalumab 1500 mg intravenously (IV) every 28 days + tremelimumab 300 mg IV once. In cycle 2 and subsequent cycles, participants will receive XL-092 60 mg orally (PO) daily and durvalumab 1500mg IV every 28-day cycles. DLT period will be 28 days. One level dose reduction will be pursued based DLT read of the dose level 0 participants. For dose level -1, XL-092 will be used at 40mg daily dosing, in combo with the same flat dosings for Durvalumab and Tremelimumab. Safety lead in will be 6-12 patients.
Receives: Drug: Zanzalintinib; Drug: Durvalumab; Drug: Tremelimumab
Zanzalintinib (XL-092) + Tremelimumab (IV) + Durvalumab (IV) (Begin First Cyle Zanzalintinib)Active comparatorPhase 2: One cycle of XL-092 RP2D PO daily + durvalumab 1500 mg intravenously (IV) every 28 days + tremelimumab 300 mg IV once. XL- 092 RP2D daily and durvalumab will then be continued every 28 days cycles until discontinuation due to disease progression, intolerability, or withdrawal of consent.
Receives: Drug: Zanzalintinib; Drug: Durvalumab; Drug: Tremelimumab
Zanzalintinib (XL-092) + Durvalumab (IV) + Tremelimumab (IV) (Begin Second Cyle Zanzalintinib)Active comparatorPhase 2: One cycle of durvalumab 1500 mg IV + tremelimumab 300 mg IV once followed by XL-092 RP2D mg PO Daily + durvalumab 1500 mg IV every 28 days until discontinuation due to disease progression, intolerability, or withdrawal of consent.
Receives: Drug: Zanzalintinib; Drug: Durvalumab; Drug: Tremelimumab

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of XL-092 with Durvalumab plus Tremelimumab

    Recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of XL-092 with Durvalumab plus Tremelimumab will be determined per a Dose Limiting Toxicity period of 28 days during the Safety Lead-in period using CTCAE v5.0 criteria.

    Measured: Up to 12 months

  2. Objective Response Rate (ORR) (im RECIST)

    Proportion of patients with Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR), per immune modified RECIST v1.1. Per imRECIST: CR: -100% Change in Sum of Diameters from Baseline (non-target lesion). PR: ≤ -30% change in sum of diameters from baseline.

    Measured: Up to 24 months

Secondary outcomes (10)

  1. Objective Response Rate (ORR)

    Proportion of patients with Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR), per RECIST v1.1. CR: Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (target or non-target) with reduction in short axis to <10 mm. PR: ≥30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.

    Measured: Up to 24 months

  2. Rate of Disease Conversion

    Proportion of patients able to undergo liver resection or transplantation after completion of treatment.

    Measured: Up to 12 months

  3. Disease Control Rate (DCR)

    Proportion of patients with Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR) or Stable Disease (SD), per immune modified RECIST v1.1. Per imRECIST: CR: -100% Change in Sum of Diameters from Baseline (non-target lesion). PR: ≤ -30% change in sum of diameters from baseline. SD: >-30% to < +20% change in sum of diameters from baseline.

    Measured: Up to 24 months

  4. Progression-free Survival (PFS)

    Time after start of treatment (months) when 50% of patients are free of disease progression (Median PFS). Per RECISIT v1.1, Progressive Disease: ≥20%increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). The sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. The appearance ≥1 new lesion(s) is considered progression.

    Measured: Up to 40 months

  5. 6-month Progression-free Survival (PFS)

    Proportion of patients alive at 6 months after start of treatment who did not experience disease progression. Per RECISIT v1.1, Progressive Disease: ≥20%increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). The sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. The appearance ≥1 new lesion(s) is considered progression.

    Measured: At 6 months

  6. Overall Survival (OS)

    Time after start of treatment (months) when 50% of patients are alive (Median OS).

    Measured: Up to 40 months

  7. 6-month Overall Survival (OS)

    Proportion of patients alive at 6 months after start of treatment.

    Measured: At 6 months

  8. 12-month Overall Survival (OS)

    Proportion of patients alive at 12 months after start of treatment.

    Measured: At 12 months

  9. 24-month Overall Survival (OS)

    Proportion of patients alive at 24 months after start of treatment.

    Measured: At 24 months

  10. 36-month Overall Survival (OS)

    Proportion of patients alive at 36 months after start of treatment.

    Measured: At 36 months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted20 Nov 2024
  2. Study start18 Dec 2024
  3. Primary completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
  4. Study completion30 Apr 2027 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
40 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06698250
Sponsor's protocol ID
HCC 23-116
Other IDs
XL092- IST207
Acronym
ZENOBIA
Status last verified
Nov 2025
First submitted
18 Nov 2024
Last updated
6 Nov 2025
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Zanzalintinib, Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in people with Hepatocellular Carcinoma, run by Anwaar Saeed at 3 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 10 inclusion and 47 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 3 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Debra Diecks (4126238364, diecksda@upmc.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of XL-092 with Durvalumab plus Tremelimumab (time frame: Up to 12 months). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06698250.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Nov 2025.

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