StrokeNCT06704074
Virtual Reality Task Oriented Training on Upper Limb Function in Stroke Patients
A study testing virtual reality (VR) head mounted display in people with Stroke, run by Qilu Hospital of Shandong University at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
Stroke rank second among the top causes of death, affecting millions of people in the worldwide. It has been reported that hemiplegia is the most common sequelae after stroke, accounting for about 50%-70% of all sequelae of the disease. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke
- What is being tested?
- virtual reality (VR) head mounted display
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 86 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 9 May 2026to 30 Nov 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- -1. Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke was diagnosed based on the history, symptoms, and signs combined with CT or MRI imaging; 2. First stroke, onset time from 1 to 6 months, age ≥ 18 - 80 years ; 3. Hemiplegia, Brunnstrom stage ≥ Ⅱ - Ⅴ, modified Ashworth grade < 4; 4. Able to maintain sitting balance (with no or only minimal assistance) for at least 30 minutes to facilitate assessment and training; 5. No significant unilateral neglect (confirmed by tests such as the Schenkenberg Line Bisection Test); visual or corrected vision and hearing must be sufficient to meet the requirements for VR training and to understand instructions.
- 6.Patients or their family members signed informed consent to participate in the experiment.
Who cannot join
- 1. Previous history of stroke, traumatic or non-vascular encephalopathy; 2. MOCA ≤ 17, and no sensory aphasia. 3. Skull defect or allogeneic repair; 4. combined with other neurological and mental diseases; 5. Previous diseases that may cause upper limb motor/sensory dysfunction, such as neck tumor or radiotherapy and chemotherapy history, cervical spondylosis, cervical spine or upper limb fracture history, traumatic brachial plexus injury history, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, etc.
- 6. Accompanied by obvious vertigo or dizziness symptoms or related diseases (such as motion sickness, Meniere's syndrome, otolithiasis, etc.); 6. Accompanied by obvious pain; 7. Significant pain in the affected upper limb or shoulder at rest or during activity (VAS ≥ 4 ) 8. Evidence of ataxia and cerebellar or brainstem lesions according to the NIHSS; 9. Ongoing participation in other clinical investigators; 10. Unstable condition, refusal to sign the informed consent, and unwillingness to cooperate with the examination and treatment.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
China1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
a Head-mounted-display VR device
Jinan, Shangdong
jie Wang, 86-18560082446, 15854229976@163.com
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of Real Home Settings Via Virtual Reality Task Oriented Training on Upper Llimb Function in Patients With Stroke: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
Stroke rank second among the top causes of death, affecting millions of people in the worldwide. It has been reported that hemiplegia is the most common sequelae after stroke, accounting for about 50%-70% of all sequelae of the disease. About 75% of stroke patients are accompanied by different degrees of upper limb dysfunction, which seriously affects the activities of daily life and cause serious physical and mental burden to patients and their families. Early recovery of upper limb motor function is a great significance for the overall recovery of stroke patients. Task-oriented training (TOT) is reported to improve the motor coordination and ADL. However, lack varies of tasks limited the treatment ability for patients with stroke hemiplegia during hospital admission. Virtual reality (VR) offers advantages of providing virtual scenes that is difficult in the real world, such as the scene of garden, camara, and plaza etc. And the familiar circumstances for patients may have the potential to increase the motivation of rehabilitation training, and improve the efficacy of occupational therapy (OT).
The goal of this study is to observe the effectiveness of real home settings via virtual reality assisted TOT on upper limb function in patients with stroke. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) were used to observe the changes in brain function under VR-TOT training.
We intended to recruit 120 participants, and allocate to three groups: VR-TOT, TOT, and traditional OT. Each of them completed the Fugl-Meyer-UE, Wolf motor function test (WMFT), hand gripping power, modified Ashworth、Purdue Pegboard test （PPT）、modified Barthel index (MBI)、mini mental state examination (MMSE)、NIH stroke scale (NIHSS)、Virtual reality sickness questionnaire (VRSQ), Intrinsic Motivation Inventory Inventory (IMI), satisfaction VAS, body representation, sense of ownership, Proprioceptive Drift scale before and after the treatment. Additionally, we conducted fNIRS and EEG at baseline and during the follow up to understand the changes in brain function.
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Being tested
- virtual reality (VR) head mounted display
- Keywords
- stroke, rehabilitation, Task-oriented training (TOT), virtual reality (VR), upper limb dysfunction
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
virtual reality (VR) head mounted displayDevice
The participants' in this group were given VR-TOT training under real home scenes created in the platform of Unity. There were 6 VR-TOT tasks, and the task choice was according to the performance of participants' upper limb function. The experienced therapist will guide and monitor the participants and adjust the task if necessary.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| VR+TOT (task oriented training combined with occupational training) | Experimental | The participants in this group are given VR-TOT training, which was created a virtual scene based on the participants' home and completed a series of occupational tasks. A Head-mounted-display VR device is used in this group. Receives: Device: virtual reality (VR) head mounted display |
| Traditional OT | No intervention | Traditional OT , including but not limited : upper limb joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist, interphalangeal), muscle sensory stimulation (such as tapping, brushing, squeezing, etc.), active and passive range of motion training of upper limb joints, upper limb muscle strength training, wrist dorsal extension, grip and other training were carried out by using a roller and wooden nail board. ADL training (dressing, grooming, washing, eating, etc.). |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity Scale (FAM-UE)
Measured: There were 4 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks，1 month after the intervention
Secondary outcomes (13)
The grip strength of the hand
Measured: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
the Modified Ashworth scale
Measured: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)
Measured: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
Box and Block Test（BBT）
Measured: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
Modified Barthel Index Scale(MBI)
Measured: There were 4 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks, 1 month after the intervention
Intrinsci Motivation Inventory (IMI)
Measured: There were 3 time points for evaluation: after screening for enrollment but before study initiation, the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
Visual Analogue Scale（VAS）
Measured: There were 4 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks，1 month after the intervention
the sense of ownership (SOO)
Measured: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
the questionnaire and self-location drift
Measured: There were 3 time points for evaluation: after screening for enrollment but before study initiation, the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
fNIRS
Measured: There were 2 time points for evaluation: after screening for enrollment but before study initiation, the intervention of 4 weeks
EEG
Measured: There were 2 time points for evaluation: after screening for enrollment but before study initiation, the intervention of 4 weeks
Catherine Bergego Scale（CBS）
Measured: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
line bisection test
Measured: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Nov 2024
- Study start9 May 2026
- Primary completion31 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Nov 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 86 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center, Beihang University, Huashan Hospital, Jinan Hospital, Jinan Seventh People's Hospital
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06704074
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KYLL-202408（XZ）-001-3
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 11 Nov 2024
- Last updated
- 10 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Malik AN, Masood T. Task-oriented training and exer-gaming for improving mobility after stroke: A randomized trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021 Jan;71(1(B)):186-190. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.560.
PubMed 35157646Jeong S, Chung Y. Task-Oriented Training with Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver in Sitting Position for Trunk Control, Balance, and Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Dec 4;11(23):3092. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11233092.
PubMed 38063660Cano-de-la-Cuerda R. Influential Women in the Field of Neurological Rehabilitation: A Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 20;19(3):1112. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031112.
PubMed 35162136Huang J, Ji JR, Liang C, Zhang YZ, Sun HC, Yan YH, Xing XB. Effects of physical therapy-based rehabilitation on recovery of upper limb motor function after stroke in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Palliat Med. 2022 Feb;11(2):521-531. doi: 10.21037/apm-21-3710.
PubMed 35249330
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Real Home Settings Via Virtual Reality Task Oriented Training on Upper Llimb Function in Patients With Stroke: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06704074
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- KYLL-202408（XZ）-001-3
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Keywords
- stroke, rehabilitation, Task-oriented training (TOT), virtual reality (VR), upper limb dysfunction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 86 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center, Beihang University, Huashan Hospital, Jinan Hospital, Jinan Seventh People's Hospital
- Study start
- 9 May 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 25 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Stroke rank second among the top causes of death, affecting millions of people in the worldwide. It has been reported that hemiplegia is the most common sequelae after stroke, accounting for about 50%-70% of all sequelae of the disease. About 75% of stroke patients are accompanied by different degrees of upper limb dysfunction, which seriously affects the activities of daily life and cause serious physical and mental burden to patients and their families. Early recovery of upper limb motor function is a great significance for the overall recovery of stroke patients. Task-oriented training (TOT) is reported to improve the motor coordination and ADL. However, lack varies of tasks limited the treatment ability for patients with stroke hemiplegia during hospital admission. Virtual reality (VR) offers advantages of providing virtual scenes that is difficult in the real world, such as the scene of garden, camara, and plaza etc. And the familiar circumstances for patients may have the potential to increase the motivation of rehabilitation training, and improve the efficacy of occupational therapy (OT).
The goal of this study is to observe the effectiveness of real home settings via virtual reality assisted TOT on upper limb function in patients with stroke. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) were used to observe the changes in brain function under VR-TOT training.
We intended to recruit 120 participants, and allocate to three groups: VR-TOT, TOT, and traditional OT. Each of them completed the Fugl-Meyer-UE, Wolf motor function test (WMFT), hand gripping power, modified Ashworth、Purdue Pegboard test （PPT）、modified Barthel index (MBI)、mini mental state examination (MMSE)、NIH stroke scale (NIHSS)、Virtual reality sickness questionnaire (VRSQ), Intrinsic Motivation Inventory Inventory (IMI), satisfaction VAS, body representation, sense of ownership, Proprioceptive Drift scale before and after the treatment. Additionally, we conducted fNIRS and EEG at baseline and during the follow up to understand the changes in brain function.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| VR+TOT (task oriented training combined with occupational training) | Experimental | Device: virtual reality (VR) head mounted displayThe participants in this group are given VR-TOT training, which was created a virtual scene based on the participants' home and completed a series of occupational tasks. A Head-mounted-display VR device is used in this group. |
| Traditional OT | No intervention | –Traditional OT , including but not limited : upper limb joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist, interphalangeal), muscle sensory stimulation (such as tapping, brushing, squeezing, etc.), active and passive range of motion training of upper limb joints, upper limb muscle strength training, wrist dorsal extension, grip and other training were carried out by using a roller and wooden nail board. ADL training (dressing, grooming, washing, eating, etc.). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- -1. Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke was diagnosed based on the history, symptoms, and signs combined with CT or MRI imaging; 2. First stroke, onset time from 1 to 6 months, age ≥ 18 - 80 years ; 3. Hemiplegia, Brunnstrom stage ≥ Ⅱ - Ⅴ, modified Ashworth grade < 4; 4. Able to maintain sitting balance (with no or only minimal assistance) for at least 30 minutes to facilitate assessment and training; 5. No significant unilateral neglect (confirmed by tests such as the Schenkenberg Line Bisection Test); visual or corrected vision and hearing must be sufficient to meet the requirements for VR training and to understand instructions.
- 6.Patients or their family members signed informed consent to participate in the experiment.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- 1. Previous history of stroke, traumatic or non-vascular encephalopathy; 2. MOCA ≤ 17, and no sensory aphasia. 3. Skull defect or allogeneic repair; 4. combined with other neurological and mental diseases; 5. Previous diseases that may cause upper limb motor/sensory dysfunction, such as neck tumor or radiotherapy and chemotherapy history, cervical spondylosis, cervical spine or upper limb fracture history, traumatic brachial plexus injury history, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, etc.
- 6. Accompanied by obvious vertigo or dizziness symptoms or related diseases (such as motion sickness, Meniere's syndrome, otolithiasis, etc.); 6. Accompanied by obvious pain; 7. Significant pain in the affected upper limb or shoulder at rest or during activity (VAS ≥ 4 ) 8. Evidence of ataxia and cerebellar or brainstem lesions according to the NIHSS; 9. Ongoing participation in other clinical investigators; 10. Unstable condition, refusal to sign the informed consent, and unwillingness to cooperate with the examination and treatment.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| virtual reality (VR) head mounted displayThe participants' in this group were given VR-TOT training under real home scenes created in the platform of Unity. There were 6 VR-TOT tasks, and the task choice was according to the performance of participants' upper limb function. The experienced therapist will guide and monitor the participants and adjust the task if necessary. | Device | VR+TOT (task oriented training combined with occupational training) |
Primary outcome
Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity Scale (FAM-UE)
Time frame: There were 4 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks，1 month after the intervention
13 secondary outcomes
The grip strength of the hand
Time frame: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
the Modified Ashworth scale
Time frame: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)
Time frame: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
Box and Block Test（BBT）
Time frame: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
Modified Barthel Index Scale(MBI)
Time frame: There were 4 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks, 1 month after the intervention
Intrinsci Motivation Inventory (IMI)
Time frame: There were 3 time points for evaluation: after screening for enrollment but before study initiation, the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
Visual Analogue Scale（VAS）
Time frame: There were 4 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks，1 month after the intervention
the sense of ownership (SOO)
Time frame: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
the questionnaire and self-location drift
Time frame: There were 3 time points for evaluation: after screening for enrollment but before study initiation, the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
fNIRS
Time frame: There were 2 time points for evaluation: after screening for enrollment but before study initiation, the intervention of 4 weeks
EEG
Time frame: There were 2 time points for evaluation: after screening for enrollment but before study initiation, the intervention of 4 weeks
Catherine Bergego Scale（CBS）
Time frame: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
line bisection test
Time frame: There were 3 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Aug 2026.
- Background: PubMed 35157646Malik AN, Masood T. Task-oriented training and exer-gaming for improving mobility after stroke: A randomized trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021 Jan;71(1(B)):186-190. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.560.
- Background: PubMed 38063660Jeong S, Chung Y. Task-Oriented Training with Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver in Sitting Position for Trunk Control, Balance, and Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Dec 4;11(23):3092. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11233092.
- Background: PubMed 35162136Cano-de-la-Cuerda R. Influential Women in the Field of Neurological Rehabilitation: A Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 20;19(3):1112. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031112.
- Background: PubMed 35249330Huang J, Ji JR, Liang C, Zhang YZ, Sun HC, Yan YH, Xing XB. Effects of physical therapy-based rehabilitation on recovery of upper limb motor function after stroke in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Palliat Med. 2022 Feb;11(2):521-531. doi: 10.21037/apm-21-3710.
- The Effect of Task-Oriented Activities Training on Upper-Limb Function, Daily Activities, and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled TrialLink provided by the sponsor.
- Effects of task-oriented training on upper extremity function and performance of daily activities by chronic stroke patientsLink provided by the sponsor.
- task-oriented training in the treatment of developmental coordination disorderLink provided by the sponsor.
- observe the effect of a family-centered task-oriented training (TOT) program on the functional independence and life quality of children with spastic cerebral palsyLink provided by the sponsor.
- observe any effect of task-oriented training in the activities of daily living (ADL) for stroke patients.Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing virtual reality (VR) head mounted display in people with Stroke, run by Qilu Hospital of Shandong University at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact jing Jing (86-18560083588, 517334583@qq.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity Scale (FAM-UE) (time frame: There were 4 time points for evaluation:after screening for enrollment but before study initiation,the intervention of 2 weeks, the intervention of 4 weeks，1 month after the intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06704074, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Aug 2026.