Acute Kidney InjuryPhase 2P2 AKI PPINCT06706258
Post-Cardiac Surgery Acute Kidney Injury Prevention by Administration of Proton Pump Inhibitor (P2 Trial)
A Phase 2 study testing Protonix (Pantoprazole) 40 mg q 12 hrs for 3 days and Pepcid (Famotidine) 20 mg q 12 hrs for 3 days in people with Acute Kidney Injury, run by The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The central hypothesis of this research study is that perioperative administration of the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) pantoprazole could reduce the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery by activation molecular pathways for kidney protection. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 90 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Acute Kidney Injury
- What is being tested?
- Protonix (Pantoprazole) 40 mg q 12 hrs for 3 days and Pepcid (Famotidine) 20 mg q 12 hrs for 3 days
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 400 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 24 Jan 2025to 1 Jul 2027
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 90 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adult patients (age 18-90).
- Scheduled for elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
- Moderate to high risk of developing AKI (Cleveland risk score equal to or higher than 3.
Who cannot join
- Patients with preoperative eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73 m2
- Dialysis dependence
- Emergency surgery
- Pregnancy.
- Nursing patient
- Patients with interstitial nephritis
Show all 9Show fewer
- PPIs hypersensitivity
- Liver disease
- Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center
Houston, Texas, 77030
Yafen Liang, MD, 713-500-6226, yafen.liang@uth.tmc.edu
Simon Betancourt Escobar, MD, 713-500-5739, simon.betancourtescobar.1@uth.tmc.edu
About this study
Official title: Post-Cardiac Surgery Acute Kidney Injury Prevention by Administration of Proton Pump Inhibitor (P2 Trial): A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
The central hypothesis of this research study is that perioperative administration of the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) pantoprazole could reduce the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery by activation molecular pathways for kidney protection. The investigators propose a single-center, randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial to determine whether perioperative intravenous administration of pantoprazole will reduce the incidence of AKI, some molecules that can be detected the urine, and major adverse kidney events (MAKE) at day 30 postoperatively, compared to famotidine after cardiac surgery. The specific aims of the study will be achieved by randomizing a group of 400 patients to receive pantoprazole (study) or famotidine (control) for 3 days perioperatively.
Our study population will include any adult patients (aged over 18 years) scheduled for cardiac surgery requiring a cardiopulmonary bypass machine.
Read the detailed description
Each year more than 500,000 cardiac surgeries are performed in the USA alone. AKI is a common complication following cardiac surgery and is associated with poor patient outcome and increased health care cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify medical interventions and treatments that prevent AKI or mitigate its severity when it occurs after cardiac surgery.
One of the main causes of AKI following cardiac surgery involves renal hypoperfusion/ischemia and reperfusion injury. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are key transcription factors responsible for tissue adaptation to low oxygen, which orchestrate the expression of a wide variety of genes including a set of microRNAs. MicroRNAs are endogenous single-stranded noncoding miRNAs of nucleotides that participate in physiological and pathological functions via regulating post-transcription of target genes. During ischemic injury, hypoxia upregulates endothelial MicroRNAs that have a potential in renal protection through vascular integrity and regeneration. Additionally, microRNAs exert protective effects via decreasing apoptosis and promoting tubular cell proliferation during ischemic AKI. Moreover, decreased serum levels of MicroRNAs are highly correlated with AKI severity in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
Our preliminary study identified ATP4A as the downstream target gene of MicroRNAs in the kidney. ATP4A (catalytic α subunit of H+/K+ ATPase) is located in intercalated cells in the distal tubules and cortical collecting ducts, which regulates urine acidification through secretion of hydrogen and reabsorption of potassium from urine. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) block the ATP hydrolysis of the H+/K+ ATPase via binding its active site of ATP4A and further enhance this endogenous kidney protection pathway. Despite robust animal model data, randomized controlled trial aiming to test the effectiveness of PPI in post-cardiac surgery AKI prevention is lacking. If proven to be effective, our studies could be easily implemented in clinical practice and serve as an effective treatment for perioperative AKI.
- Conditions
- Acute Kidney Injury
- Being tested
- Protonix (Pantoprazole) 40 mg q 12 hrs for 3 days, Pepcid (Famotidine) 20 mg q 12 hrs for 3 days
- Keywords
- Acute Kidney Injury, AKI, Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery, PPI, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Perioperative Medicine, Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Unit, ICU, Kidney
- Medical subject headings
- Acute Kidney Injury
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Protonix (Pantoprazole) 40 mg q 12 hrs for 3 daysDrug
Administer 1st dose after anesthesia induction before surgical incision, 2nd dose at chest closure. Then, every 12 hrs for 2 more days.
Pepcid (Famotidine) 20 mg q 12 hrs for 3 daysDrug
Administer 1st dose after anesthesia induction before surgical incision, 2nd dose at chest closure. Then, every 12 hrs for 2 more days.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Pantoprazole Group | Experimental | Pantoprazole (Protonix) will be given at 6 different timepoints:
1. After anesthesia induction, before surgical incision.
2. At chest closure. 3 \& 4. Every 12 hrs in post operative day 1. 5 \& 6. Every 12 hrs in post operative day 2. Receives: Drug: Protonix (Pantoprazole) 40 mg q 12 hrs for 3 days |
| Famotidine Group | Active comparator | Famotidine (Pepcid) will be given at 6 different timepoints:
1. After anesthesia induction, before surgical incision.
2. At chest closure. 3 \& 4. Every 12 hrs in post operative day 1. 5 \& 6. Every 12 hrs in post operative day 2. Receives: Drug: Pepcid (Famotidine) 20 mg q 12 hrs for 3 days |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
The investigators will calculate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) within 7 days (or until hospital discharge if earlier) of cardiac surgery in patients receiving pantoprazole vs. famotidine.
Measured: From enrollment to 7 days or until hospital discharge, if earlier.
Secondary outcomes (2)
Urinary Kidney Injury Biomarkers Levels
The investigators will measure the urinary kidney biomarker KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels at the different time points of urine sample collection (baseline, chest closure, and 8, 24, 48 and 72 hrs after ICU admission)
Measured: From enrollment to 72 hours after ICU admission
Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE)
The investigators will follow up on patients enrolled in the study and ask about patient demise, necessity of dialysis of any type, hospitalizations due to renal problems, or sustained kidney dysfunction after 30 days of enrollment.
Measured: From enrollment to 30 days after cardiac surgery
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Nov 2024
- Study start24 Jan 2025
- Primary completion1 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Jul 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Acute Kidney InjuryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by The University of Texas Health Science Center, HoustonThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 400 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, yafen liang, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
- Investigators
- Yafen Liang, MD, Principal investigator, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06706258
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HSC-MS-24-1034
- Acronym
- P2 AKI PPI
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 22 Nov 2024
- Last updated
- 14 May 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: The IPD will be shared upon request by the journal.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 May 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Post-Cardiac Surgery Acute Kidney Injury Prevention by Administration of Proton Pump Inhibitor (P2 Trial): A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06706258
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- P2 AKI PPI / HSC-MS-24-1034
- Conditions
- Acute Kidney Injury
- Keywords
- Acute Kidney Injury, AKI, Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery, PPI, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Perioperative Medicine, Anesthesiology
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 400 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, HoustonUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 24 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Jul 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 26 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The central hypothesis of this research study is that perioperative administration of the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) pantoprazole could reduce the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery by activation molecular pathways for kidney protection. The investigators propose a single-center, randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial to determine whether perioperative intravenous administration of pantoprazole will reduce the incidence of AKI, some molecules that can be detected the urine, and major adverse kidney events (MAKE) at day 30 postoperatively, compared to famotidine after cardiac surgery. The specific aims of the study will be achieved by randomizing a group of 400 patients to receive pantoprazole (study) or famotidine (control) for 3 days perioperatively.
Our study population will include any adult patients (aged over 18 years) scheduled for cardiac surgery requiring a cardiopulmonary bypass machine.
Detailed description
Each year more than 500,000 cardiac surgeries are performed in the USA alone. AKI is a common complication following cardiac surgery and is associated with poor patient outcome and increased health care cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify medical interventions and treatments that prevent AKI or mitigate its severity when it occurs after cardiac surgery.
One of the main causes of AKI following cardiac surgery involves renal hypoperfusion/ischemia and reperfusion injury. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are key transcription factors responsible for tissue adaptation to low oxygen, which orchestrate the expression of a wide variety of genes including a set of microRNAs. MicroRNAs are endogenous single-stranded noncoding miRNAs of nucleotides that participate in physiological and pathological functions via regulating post-transcription of target genes. During ischemic injury, hypoxia upregulates endothelial MicroRNAs that have a potential in renal protection through vascular integrity and regeneration. Additionally, microRNAs exert protective effects via decreasing apoptosis and promoting tubular cell proliferation during ischemic AKI. Moreover, decreased serum levels of MicroRNAs are highly correlated with AKI severity in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
Our preliminary study identified ATP4A as the downstream target gene of MicroRNAs in the kidney. ATP4A (catalytic α subunit of H+/K+ ATPase) is located in intercalated cells in the distal tubules and cortical collecting ducts, which regulates urine acidification through secretion of hydrogen and reabsorption of potassium from urine. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) block the ATP hydrolysis of the H+/K+ ATPase via binding its active site of ATP4A and further enhance this endogenous kidney protection pathway. Despite robust animal model data, randomized controlled trial aiming to test the effectiveness of PPI in post-cardiac surgery AKI prevention is lacking. If proven to be effective, our studies could be easily implemented in clinical practice and serve as an effective treatment for perioperative AKI.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Pantoprazole Group | Experimental | Drug: Protonix (Pantoprazole) 40 mg q 12 hrs for 3 daysPantoprazole (Protonix) will be given at 6 different timepoints: 1. After anesthesia induction, before surgical incision. 2. At chest closure. 3 \& 4. Every 12 hrs in post operative day 1. 5 \& 6. Every 12 hrs in post operative day 2. |
| Famotidine Group | Active comparator | Drug: Pepcid (Famotidine) 20 mg q 12 hrs for 3 daysFamotidine (Pepcid) will be given at 6 different timepoints: 1. After anesthesia induction, before surgical incision. 2. At chest closure. 3 \& 4. Every 12 hrs in post operative day 1. 5 \& 6. Every 12 hrs in post operative day 2. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 90 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Adult patients (age 18-90).
- Scheduled for elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
- Moderate to high risk of developing AKI (Cleveland risk score equal to or higher than 3.
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Patients with preoperative eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73 m2
- Dialysis dependence
- Emergency surgery
- Pregnancy.
- Nursing patient
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Protonix (Pantoprazole) 40 mg q 12 hrs for 3 daysAdminister 1st dose after anesthesia induction before surgical incision, 2nd dose at chest closure. Then, every 12 hrs for 2 more days. | Drug | Pantoprazole Group |
| Pepcid (Famotidine) 20 mg q 12 hrs for 3 daysAdminister 1st dose after anesthesia induction before surgical incision, 2nd dose at chest closure. Then, every 12 hrs for 2 more days. | Drug | Famotidine Group |
Primary outcome
Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Time frame: From enrollment to 7 days or until hospital discharge, if earlier.
The investigators will calculate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) within 7 days (or until hospital discharge if earlier) of cardiac surgery in patients receiving pantoprazole vs. famotidine.
2 secondary outcomes
Urinary Kidney Injury Biomarkers Levels
Time frame: From enrollment to 72 hours after ICU admission
Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE)
Time frame: From enrollment to 30 days after cardiac surgery
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 May 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. The IPD will be shared upon request by the journal.
Related trials for Acute Kidney Injury
Not yet recruiting
Vitamin C for Acute Kidney Injury in ACLF With Septic Shock: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF)
Not yet recruiting
Early Biomarker Kidney Injury Assessment After Acumen Directed Fluid Management in Cardiac Surgery
Renal Injury, Acute Kidney Injury
Recruiting
Acute Kidney Injury and Ultra-endurance Running
AKI (Acute Kidney Injury) Due to Trauma
Recruiting
WIN Ratio Analysis to Determine a Strategy of Non- Invasive SUpport for Respiratory Failure in the EmeRgency Department
Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Diastolic Shock Index for Predicting Hemodynamic Instability During Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Acute Kidney Injury, Hypotension (MeSH: D007022)
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Yafen Liang, MD principal investigator
The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Protonix (Pantoprazole) 40 mg q 12 hrs for 3 days and Pepcid (Famotidine) 20 mg q 12 hrs for 3 days in people with Acute Kidney Injury, run by The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 May 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Yafen Liang, MD (713-500-6226, yafen.liang@uth.tmc.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) (time frame: From enrollment to 7 days or until hospital discharge, if earlier.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 May 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.