Periodontal DiseasesNCT06715176
TREM-1 Pathway in Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Periodontitis
An observational study of Periodontal Diseases, run by Aydin Adnan Menderes University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study investigated modulations in salivary triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) and interleukin (IL)-1β levels between healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis patients, and in response to non-surgical periodontal treatment. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 64 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Periodontal Diseases
- What is being tested?
- Clinical periodontal measurements at baseline (T0), Saliva collection at baseline (T0) and Scaling and root planing
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- How many people
- 123 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 19 Dec 2016to 29 Nov 2019
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 64 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: For this observational study, systemically healthy, non-smokers with gingivitis (n = 31), stage III, grade B periodontitis (n = 34), stage III, grade C periodontitis (n = 24), and periodontally healthy controls (n = 34) were consecutively recruited at the Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
Who may be able to join
- systemically healthy
- non-smoker individuals
Who cannot join
- pregnancies or lactation
- to exposure to antibiotics or any other drugs that were known to affect periodontal conditions over the past 6 months prior to recruitment.
- to receive previous surgical/nonsurgical periodontal treatment during the previous 12-months.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology
Aydin, 90100
About this study
Official title: Prognostic Utility of TREM-1 Pathway in Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Grades B and C Periodontitis
This study investigated modulations in salivary triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) and interleukin (IL)-1β levels between healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis patients, and in response to non-surgical periodontal treatment. Systemically healthy, non-smokers with gingivitis (n=31), stage III periodontitis (grade B: n=34, grade C: n=24) and periodontally-healthy controls (n=34) were recruited. Periodontitis patients (n=45) underwent non-surgical periodontal treatment. Saliva was collected at baseline (T0, all groups), and three times (T1, T3 and T6) post-treatment (periodontitis groups only). Salivary biomarkers and total protein were measured using commercial assays.
Read the detailed description
Study population and design: For this study, systemically healthy, non-smokers with gingivitis (n = 31), stage III, grade B periodontitis (n = 34), stage III, grade C periodontitis (n = 24), and periodontally healthy controls (n = 34) were recruited at the Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
Clinical examination and saliva collection: All participants were clinically examined at baseline (T0) and whole mouth plaque (PI) and gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were measured. Prior to clinical examinations, unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants at baseline (T0). Additionally, saliva sampling and clinical examinations were performed for all periodontitis patients (grade B and C) one (T1), three (T3) and six (T6) months after non-surgical periodontal treatment.
Non-surgical periodontal treatment protocol: The patients underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy including quadrant-based scaling and root planning (SRP) using ultrasonic instruments and periodontal curettes until the root surfaces were visibly and tactically clean and smooth. All participants were given routine oral hygiene instructions and asked to abstain from any anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, or mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine throughout the study period. At every visit, oral hygiene instructions were reinforced, and the sites that did not respond to treatment at T1 underwent additional re-instrumentation at T3 and T6. While non-surgical treatment efficacy is often reported in terms of mean values of PD reduction and CAL gain, these metrics may not fully capture treatment success or periodontal stability.
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) and interleukin (IL)-1β immunoassays and total protein determination: 249 saliva samples were included for the analysis of TREM-1, PGLYRP1 and IL-1β. Levels of those cytokines in saliva were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays according to manufacturer's instructions. Total protein levels in saliva were measured by the BCA Protein Assay according to the manufacturer's guidelines.
Statistical analysis: Group comparisons were performed with Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc, or Chi-square tests, whenever appropriate. Group comparisons before and after treatment were performed with Friedman with Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc test. Differences were deemed statistically significant at p ≤0.05.
- Conditions
- Periodontal Diseases
- Being tested
- Clinical periodontal measurements at baseline (T0), Saliva collection at baseline (T0), Scaling and root planing, Clinical periodontal measurements at T1, T3, and T6., Saliva collection at T1, T3, and T6.
- Medical subject headings
- Periodontal Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Clinical periodontal measurements at baseline (T0)Other
Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements, including PD, CAL, GI, and PI were recorded at 6 sites per tooth, except the third molars, at baseline (T0). A manual periodontal probe was used for PD (millimeters) and CAL (millimeters) measurements; the cemento-enamel junction was used as a reference point for the measurement of CAL.
Saliva collection at baseline (T0)Other
Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants at baseline (T0). The participants were instructed to refrain from mechanical or chemical oral hygiene practices, eating, drinking, and chewing gum for 2 hours prior to sample collection. Every participant rinsed the mouth with tap water for 2 minutes. Ten minutes after rinsing, they were told to allow the accumulation of the saliva in their mouths and then to drain passively the saliva pool from the lower lip into a steril container for 5 minutes.
Scaling and root planingOther
Periodontitis patients (grade B and C) underwent a program of non-surgical periodontal therapy consisting of conventional quadrant-based scaling and root planing using ultrasonic instruments and manual periodontal curette over four visits at 1-week intervals. All present teeth were instrumented until the root surface was visually and tactilely clean and smooth. Patients who did not respond to treatment at baseline (T0) received a further round of scaling and root planing at three (T3) months post-therapy in order to eliminate residual pockets.
Clinical periodontal measurements at T1, T3, and T6.Other
Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were performed for all periodontitis patients (grade B and C) at one (T1), three (T3) and six (T6) months after scaling and root planing.
Saliva collection at T1, T3, and T6.Other
Unstimulated whole saliva were collected from all periodontitis patients (grade B and C) at one (T1), three (T3) and six (T6) months after scaling and root planing.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Periodontal Health | This group showed PD ≤ 3 mm with BOP < 10 % in the entire mouth as well as no interproximal CAL or radiographic bone loss. Receives: Other: Clinical periodontal measurements at baseline (T0); Other: Saliva collection at baseline (T0) | |
| Gingivitis | This group exhibited PD ≤ 3 mm with BOP ≥ 30 % in the entire mouth as well as no interproximal CAL or radiographic bone loss. Receives: Other: Clinical periodontal measurements at baseline (T0); Other: Saliva collection at baseline (T0) | |
| Stage III, Grade B Periodontitis | This group had interproximal CAL ≥ 5 mm along with PD ≥ 6 mm and radiographic bone loss extending to the middle or apical third of the root radiographically at 30 % of the teeth or more. CAL was not caused by trauma-related gingival recession, dental caries extending into the cervical areas of the teeth, endodontic lesions draining through the marginal periodontium, and the distal bone loss in adjacent second molars due to extractions of third molars. They had ≤ 4 teeth lost owing to periodontitis. % of radiographic bone loss/age value was between 0.25 and 1.0. Receives: Other: Clinical periodontal measurements at baseline (T0); Other: Saliva collection at baseline (T0); Other: Scaling and root planing; Other: Clinical periodontal measurements at T1, T3, and T6.; Other: Saliva collection at T1, T3, and T6. | |
| Stage III, Grade C Periodontitis | This group had interproximal CAL ≥ 5 mm along with PD ≥ 6 mm and radiographic bone loss extending to the middle or apical third of the root radiographically at 30 % of the teeth or more. CAL was not caused by trauma-related gingival recession, dental caries extending into the cervical areas of the teeth, endodontic lesions draining through the marginal periodontium, and the distal bone loss in adjacent second molars due to extractions of third molars. They had ≤ 4 teeth lost owing to periodontitis. % of radiographic bone loss/age were value was higher than 1.0. Receives: Other: Clinical periodontal measurements at baseline (T0); Other: Saliva collection at baseline (T0); Other: Scaling and root planing; Other: Clinical periodontal measurements at T1, T3, and T6.; Other: Saliva collection at T1, T3, and T6. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Salivary TREM-1 level
Salivary TREM-1 concentration (pg/ml)
Measured: Change from baseline to one, three and six months after scaling and root planing
Salivary PGLYRP1 level
Salivary PGLYRP1 concentration (ng/ml)
Measured: Change from baseline to one, three and six months after scaling and root planing
Salivary IL-1β level
Salivary IL-1β concentration (pg/ml)
Measured: Change from baseline to one, three and six months after scaling and root planing
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Dec 2024
- Study start19 Dec 2016
- Primary completion3 Jan 2018
- Study completion29 Nov 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Periodontal DiseasesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Aydin Adnan Menderes UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 123 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Beral Afacan, Aydin Adnan Menderes University
- Investigators
- Nagihan Bostanci, Principal investigator, Karolinska Institutet
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06715176
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TREM-1 pathway
- Status last verified
- Dec 2024
- First submitted
- 28 Nov 2024
- Last updated
- 4 Dec 2024
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Silbereisen A, Lira-Junior R, Afacan B, Ozturk OV, Emingil G, Bostanci N. TREM-1 Pathway Biomarkers for Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Monitoring of Treatment Response in Grade B and C Periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2025 Sep;52(9):1288-1297. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.14195. Epub 2025 Jun 17.
PubMed 40528650
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Dec 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Prognostic Utility of TREM-1 Pathway in Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Grades B and C Periodontitis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06715176
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TREM-1 pathway
- Conditions
- Periodontal Diseases
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 123 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Aydin Adnan Menderes UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 19 Dec 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 3 Jan 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 29 Nov 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study investigated modulations in salivary triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) and interleukin (IL)-1β levels between healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis patients, and in response to non-surgical periodontal treatment. Systemically healthy, non-smokers with gingivitis (n=31), stage III periodontitis (grade B: n=34, grade C: n=24) and periodontally-healthy controls (n=34) were recruited. Periodontitis patients (n=45) underwent non-surgical periodontal treatment. Saliva was collected at baseline (T0, all groups), and three times (T1, T3 and T6) post-treatment (periodontitis groups only). Salivary biomarkers and total protein were measured using commercial assays.
Detailed description
Study population and design: For this study, systemically healthy, non-smokers with gingivitis (n = 31), stage III, grade B periodontitis (n = 34), stage III, grade C periodontitis (n = 24), and periodontally healthy controls (n = 34) were recruited at the Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
Clinical examination and saliva collection: All participants were clinically examined at baseline (T0) and whole mouth plaque (PI) and gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were measured. Prior to clinical examinations, unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants at baseline (T0). Additionally, saliva sampling and clinical examinations were performed for all periodontitis patients (grade B and C) one (T1), three (T3) and six (T6) months after non-surgical periodontal treatment.
Non-surgical periodontal treatment protocol: The patients underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy including quadrant-based scaling and root planning (SRP) using ultrasonic instruments and periodontal curettes until the root surfaces were visibly and tactically clean and smooth. All participants were given routine oral hygiene instructions and asked to abstain from any anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, or mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine throughout the study period. At every visit, oral hygiene instructions were reinforced, and the sites that did not respond to treatment at T1 underwent additional re-instrumentation at T3 and T6. While non-surgical treatment efficacy is often reported in terms of mean values of PD reduction and CAL gain, these metrics may not fully capture treatment success or periodontal stability.
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) and interleukin (IL)-1β immunoassays and total protein determination: 249 saliva samples were included for the analysis of TREM-1, PGLYRP1 and IL-1β. Levels of those cytokines in saliva were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays according to manufacturer's instructions. Total protein levels in saliva were measured by the BCA Protein Assay according to the manufacturer's guidelines.
Statistical analysis: Group comparisons were performed with Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc, or Chi-square tests, whenever appropriate. Group comparisons before and after treatment were performed with Friedman with Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc test. Differences were deemed statistically significant at p ≤0.05.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Periodontal Health | – | Other: Clinical periodontal measurements at baseline (T0), Other: Saliva collection at baseline (T0)This group showed PD ≤ 3 mm with BOP < 10 % in the entire mouth as well as no interproximal CAL or radiographic bone loss. |
| Gingivitis | – | Other: Clinical periodontal measurements at baseline (T0), Other: Saliva collection at baseline (T0)This group exhibited PD ≤ 3 mm with BOP ≥ 30 % in the entire mouth as well as no interproximal CAL or radiographic bone loss. |
| Stage III, Grade B Periodontitis | – | Other: Clinical periodontal measurements at baseline (T0), Other: Saliva collection at baseline (T0), Other: Scaling and root planing, Other: Clinical periodontal measurements at T1, T3, and T6., Other: Saliva collection at T1, T3, and T6.This group had interproximal CAL ≥ 5 mm along with PD ≥ 6 mm and radiographic bone loss extending to the middle or apical third of the root radiographically at 30 % of the teeth or more. CAL was not caused by trauma-related gingival recession, dental caries extending into the cervical areas of the teeth, endodontic lesions draining through the marginal periodontium, and the distal bone loss in adjacent second molars due to extractions of third molars. They had ≤ 4 teeth lost owing to periodontitis. % of radiographic bone loss/age value was between 0.25 and 1.0. |
| Stage III, Grade C Periodontitis | – | Other: Clinical periodontal measurements at baseline (T0), Other: Saliva collection at baseline (T0), Other: Scaling and root planing, Other: Clinical periodontal measurements at T1, T3, and T6., Other: Saliva collection at T1, T3, and T6.This group had interproximal CAL ≥ 5 mm along with PD ≥ 6 mm and radiographic bone loss extending to the middle or apical third of the root radiographically at 30 % of the teeth or more. CAL was not caused by trauma-related gingival recession, dental caries extending into the cervical areas of the teeth, endodontic lesions draining through the marginal periodontium, and the distal bone loss in adjacent second molars due to extractions of third molars. They had ≤ 4 teeth lost owing to periodontitis. % of radiographic bone loss/age were value was higher than 1.0. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 64 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- For this observational study, systemically healthy, non-smokers with gingivitis (n = 31), stage III, grade B periodontitis (n = 34), stage III, grade C periodontitis (n = 24), and periodontally healthy controls (n = 34) were consecutively recruited at the Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- systemically healthy
- non-smoker individuals
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- pregnancies or lactation
- to exposure to antibiotics or any other drugs that were known to affect periodontal conditions over the past 6 months prior to recruitment.
- to receive previous surgical/nonsurgical periodontal treatment during the previous 12-months.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical periodontal measurements at baseline (T0)Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements, including PD, CAL, GI, and PI were recorded at 6 sites per tooth, except the third molars, at baseline (T0). A manual periodontal probe was used for PD (millimeters) and CAL (millimeters) measurements; the cemento-enamel junction was used as a reference point for the measurement of CAL. | Other | Gingivitis, Periodontal Health, Stage III, Grade B Periodontitis, Stage III, Grade C Periodontitis |
| Saliva collection at baseline (T0)Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants at baseline (T0). The participants were instructed to refrain from mechanical or chemical oral hygiene practices, eating, drinking, and chewing gum for 2 hours prior to sample collection. Every participant rinsed the mouth with tap water for 2 minutes. Ten minutes after rinsing, they were told to allow the accumulation of the saliva in their mouths and then to drain passively the saliva pool from the lower lip into a steril container for 5 minutes. | Other | Gingivitis, Periodontal Health, Stage III, Grade B Periodontitis, Stage III, Grade C Periodontitis |
| Scaling and root planingPeriodontitis patients (grade B and C) underwent a program of non-surgical periodontal therapy consisting of conventional quadrant-based scaling and root planing using ultrasonic instruments and manual periodontal curette over four visits at 1-week intervals. All present teeth were instrumented until the root surface was visually and tactilely clean and smooth. Patients who did not respond to treatment at baseline (T0) received a further round of scaling and root planing at three (T3) months post-therapy in order to eliminate residual pockets. | Other | Stage III, Grade B Periodontitis, Stage III, Grade C Periodontitis |
| Clinical periodontal measurements at T1, T3, and T6.Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were performed for all periodontitis patients (grade B and C) at one (T1), three (T3) and six (T6) months after scaling and root planing. | Other | Stage III, Grade B Periodontitis, Stage III, Grade C Periodontitis |
| Saliva collection at T1, T3, and T6.Unstimulated whole saliva were collected from all periodontitis patients (grade B and C) at one (T1), three (T3) and six (T6) months after scaling and root planing. | Other | Stage III, Grade B Periodontitis, Stage III, Grade C Periodontitis |
Primary outcome
Salivary TREM-1 level
Time frame: Change from baseline to one, three and six months after scaling and root planing
Salivary TREM-1 concentration (pg/ml)
Salivary PGLYRP1 level
Time frame: Change from baseline to one, three and six months after scaling and root planing
Salivary PGLYRP1 concentration (ng/ml)
Salivary IL-1β level
Time frame: Change from baseline to one, three and six months after scaling and root planing
Salivary IL-1β concentration (pg/ml)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Dec 2024.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40528650Silbereisen A, Lira-Junior R, Afacan B, Ozturk OV, Emingil G, Bostanci N. TREM-1 Pathway Biomarkers for Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Monitoring of Treatment Response in Grade B and C Periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2025 Sep;52(9):1288-1297. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.14195. Epub 2025 Jun 17.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Nagihan Bostanci principal investigator
Karolinska Institutet
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Periodontal Diseases, run by Aydin Adnan Menderes University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Dec 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Salivary TREM-1 level (time frame: Change from baseline to one, three and six months after scaling and root planing). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06715176, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Dec 2024.