DehydrationNRGNCT06721793
The Impact of a Caffeinated Sports Drink on Performance
A study testing carbohydrate electrolyte drink, no-sugar electrolyte drink and Caffeinated Carbohydrate and electrolyte drink in people with Dehydration and Dehydration Related to Exercise, run by Arizona State University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Caffeine is known to enhance physical and mental performance, but few beverages combine caffeine with electrolytes and carbohydrates to enhance exercise performance. This study evaluates a caffeinated electrolyte-glucose drink's effect on endurance, strength, and cognition. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 55 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dehydration, Dehydration Related to Exercise
- What is being tested?
- carbohydrate electrolyte drink, no-sugar electrolyte drink and Caffeinated Carbohydrate and electrolyte drink
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 26 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 12 Dec 2025to 16 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 55 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 18-55
- Healthy and injury-free (muscle, skeletal) for greater than 2 months
- Active cyclists who train at least 3 times per week
- Body mass index (BMI) range of 18.5-30 kg/m2
Who cannot join
- • History of caffeine sensitivity
- Cancer Diagnosis during the last 5 years
- Pregnancy
- History of renal disease, hypertension
- History of a heat stroke
- Use of testosterone therapy
- Adults who are unable to consent (impaired decision-making capacity)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Arizona State University - Hydration Science Lab
Phoenix, Arizona, 85004
About this study
Caffeine is known to enhance physical and mental performance, but few beverages combine caffeine with electrolytes and carbohydrates to enhance exercise performance. This study evaluates a caffeinated electrolyte-glucose drink's effect on endurance, strength, and cognition. Using a repeated-measures, cross-over design, 20 trained cyclists will complete one familiarization and four randomized 3-hour experimental trials (Liquid I.V.™ Energy Multiplier, Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, and water). Each trial includes 2 hours of cycling in a warm environment (32ºC), followed by strength and cognitive assessments. Cycling performance, capillary blood, urine, and expiratory gases will be collected.
Read the detailed description
Each subject will complete 5 trials (1 familiarization and 4 experimental) consisting of approximately 2 hours cycling in a warm environment (90ºF), followed by strength assessment and cognitive assessment via questionnaire. Each trial will be identical, with the only difference being the type of drink consumed during each trial. The first trial will be for familiarization without any blood sampling. The rest of the trials will be completed in a randomized order and the drink consumed
Cycling Endurance Exercise Performance
The exercise test will consist of a series of three consecutive cycling sets in a warm environment (90ºF), with each series consisting of:
- a 30-min submaximal ride (50% maximal power as determined from the initial)
- a 5-km time trial race-like performance effort. During each 30 min submaximal rides participants will drink a total 500 mL of fluid spread out during the 30 min. During the 5 km performance test the participants will drink 25 mL of fluid at the end of each kilometer.
At regular intervals throughout the exercise task, body weight, blood samples, respiratory gasses, and perceptual data will be collected. See study schematic provided below for specific measurement timepoints.
Upon completion of the cycling task subjects will moved to another room with cool temperature (70ºF), where strength and cognitive function will be assessed to determine the influence of each beverage on indices of exercise performance and fatigue.
- Conditions
- Dehydration, Dehydration Related to Exercise
- Being tested
- carbohydrate electrolyte drink, no-sugar electrolyte drink, Caffeinated Carbohydrate and electrolyte drink, Water (Placebo)
- Keywords
- caffeine, sports drinks, hydration
- Medical subject headings
- Dehydration
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
carbohydrate electrolyte drinkDietary supplement
2% carbohydrate solution with 1,020 mg/L of Sodium
no-sugar electrolyte drinkDietary supplement
1% carbohydrate solution with 1,060 mg/L of Sodium
Caffeinated Carbohydrate and electrolyte drinkDietary supplement
2% carbohydrate solution with 1,000 mg/L of Sodium, and 200mg/L caffeine
Water (Placebo)Dietary supplement
flavored water with non-caloric, non-sodium-containing sweetner
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Water | Placebo comparator | Water masked with non-caloric and no-sodium Receives: Dietary Supplement: Water (Placebo) |
| Carbohydrate electrolyte solution | Experimental | 2% carbohydrate solution with 1,020 mg/L of Sodium Receives: Dietary Supplement: carbohydrate electrolyte drink |
| no-sugar electrolyte solution | Experimental | 1% carbohydrate solution with 1,060 mg/L of Sodium Receives: Dietary Supplement: no-sugar electrolyte drink |
| Caffeinated carbohydrate electrolyte solution | Experimental | 1% carbohydrate solution with 1,000 mg/L of Sodium, and 200mg/L Caffeine Receives: Dietary Supplement: Caffeinated Carbohydrate and electrolyte drink |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
5 kilometer cycling time trial
Time in minutes of completion the 5 kilometer cycling time trial at the 3rd exercise bout.
Measured: During the 3rd time trial which is the last time trial.
5 kilometer Time trial performance
Time to completion the 2nd cycling time trial
Measured: 2nd time trial
Isokinetic stregth
Peak torque at 60º/sec at dominant knee during extension
Measured: right after the cycling tests
Congitive performance 1
Attention Network Test score
Measured: after the completion of strength test
Cognitive performance 2
Working Memory Test score
Measured: after the end of the strength assessment
Congitive test 3
Stroop Task score
Measured: right after the strength test
Secondary outcomes (1)
Blood glucose
Blood glucose levels during the 3rd cycling time trial.
Measured: at the end of the 3rd cycling time trial.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Dec 2024
- Study start12 Dec 2025
- Primary completion16 Dec 2025
- Study completion16 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for DehydrationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Arizona State UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Counter balanced cross-over design trial with 4 arms differing only on the type of drink consumed during exercise. Each trial includes 2 hours of cycling in a warm environment (32ºC), followed by strength and cognitive assessments.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Arizona State University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Stavros Kavouras, Arizona State University
- Investigators
- Stavros Kavouras, PhD, Principal investigator, Arizona State University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06721793
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FP00041543
- Other IDs
- AWD00039989
- Acronym
- NRG
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 3 Oct 2024
- Last updated
- 27 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Impact of a Caffeinated Sports Drink on Performance
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06721793
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NRG / FP00041543
- Conditions
- Dehydration, Dehydration Related to Exercise
- Keywords
- caffeine, sports drinks, hydration
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Arizona State UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 12 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 16 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 16 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Caffeine is known to enhance physical and mental performance, but few beverages combine caffeine with electrolytes and carbohydrates to enhance exercise performance. This study evaluates a caffeinated electrolyte-glucose drink's effect on endurance, strength, and cognition. Using a repeated-measures, cross-over design, 20 trained cyclists will complete one familiarization and four randomized 3-hour experimental trials (Liquid I.V.™ Energy Multiplier, Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, and water). Each trial includes 2 hours of cycling in a warm environment (32ºC), followed by strength and cognitive assessments. Cycling performance, capillary blood, urine, and expiratory gases will be collected.
Detailed description
Each subject will complete 5 trials (1 familiarization and 4 experimental) consisting of approximately 2 hours cycling in a warm environment (90ºF), followed by strength assessment and cognitive assessment via questionnaire. Each trial will be identical, with the only difference being the type of drink consumed during each trial. The first trial will be for familiarization without any blood sampling. The rest of the trials will be completed in a randomized order and the drink consumed
Cycling Endurance Exercise Performance
The exercise test will consist of a series of three consecutive cycling sets in a warm environment (90ºF), with each series consisting of:
- a 30-min submaximal ride (50% maximal power as determined from the initial)
- a 5-km time trial race-like performance effort. During each 30 min submaximal rides participants will drink a total 500 mL of fluid spread out during the 30 min. During the 5 km performance test the participants will drink 25 mL of fluid at the end of each kilometer.
At regular intervals throughout the exercise task, body weight, blood samples, respiratory gasses, and perceptual data will be collected. See study schematic provided below for specific measurement timepoints.
Upon completion of the cycling task subjects will moved to another room with cool temperature (70ºF), where strength and cognitive function will be assessed to determine the influence of each beverage on indices of exercise performance and fatigue.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 4
- Model description
- Counter balanced cross-over design trial with 4 arms differing only on the type of drink consumed during exercise. Each trial includes 2 hours of cycling in a warm environment (32ºC), followed by strength and cognitive assessments.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Water | Placebo comparator | Dietary Supplement: Water (Placebo)Water masked with non-caloric and no-sodium |
| Carbohydrate electrolyte solution | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: carbohydrate electrolyte drink2% carbohydrate solution with 1,020 mg/L of Sodium |
| no-sugar electrolyte solution | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: no-sugar electrolyte drink1% carbohydrate solution with 1,060 mg/L of Sodium |
| Caffeinated carbohydrate electrolyte solution | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Caffeinated Carbohydrate and electrolyte drink1% carbohydrate solution with 1,000 mg/L of Sodium, and 200mg/L Caffeine |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 55 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Age 18-55
- Healthy and injury-free (muscle, skeletal) for greater than 2 months
- Active cyclists who train at least 3 times per week
- Body mass index (BMI) range of 18.5-30 kg/m2
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- • History of caffeine sensitivity
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| carbohydrate electrolyte drink2% carbohydrate solution with 1,020 mg/L of Sodium | Dietary supplement | Carbohydrate electrolyte solution |
| no-sugar electrolyte drink1% carbohydrate solution with 1,060 mg/L of Sodium | Dietary supplement | no-sugar electrolyte solution |
| Caffeinated Carbohydrate and electrolyte drink2% carbohydrate solution with 1,000 mg/L of Sodium, and 200mg/L caffeine | Dietary supplement | Caffeinated carbohydrate electrolyte solution |
| Water (Placebo)flavored water with non-caloric, non-sodium-containing sweetner | Dietary supplement | Water |
Primary outcome
5 kilometer cycling time trial
Time frame: During the 3rd time trial which is the last time trial.
Time in minutes of completion the 5 kilometer cycling time trial at the 3rd exercise bout.
5 kilometer Time trial performance
Time frame: 2nd time trial
Time to completion the 2nd cycling time trial
Isokinetic stregth
Time frame: right after the cycling tests
Peak torque at 60º/sec at dominant knee during extension
Congitive performance 1
Time frame: after the completion of strength test
Attention Network Test score
Cognitive performance 2
Time frame: after the end of the strength assessment
Working Memory Test score
Congitive test 3
Time frame: right after the strength test
Stroop Task score
1 secondary outcome
Blood glucose
Time frame: at the end of the 3rd cycling time trial.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Jan 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Stavros Kavouras, PhD principal investigator
Arizona State University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing carbohydrate electrolyte drink, no-sugar electrolyte drink and Caffeinated Carbohydrate and electrolyte drink in people with Dehydration and Dehydration Related to Exercise, run by Arizona State University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
5 kilometer cycling time trial (time frame: During the 3rd time trial which is the last time trial.). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Jan 2026.