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Frailty in Older AdultsNCT06741878

A Biopsychosocial Approach to Improving Multidimensional Frailty Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

A study testing Exercise, Psychosocial and Nutritional in people with Frailty in Older Adults, run by Hong Kong Baptist University.

Not yet recruiting

Opening soon. The study is approved but enrolment has not started yet. Sites may already take enquiries.

Sites and contacts
Official record
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Trial summary

Frailty is a common clinical syndrome that is becoming increasingly important as populations age worldwide. Individuals who are frail are at a higher risk for negative outcomes, such as falls, disability, hospitalizations, and even death. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 60 to 80 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Frailty in Older Adults
What is being tested?
Exercise, Psychosocial and Nutritional
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
308 participants
Where
No sites listed yet
Study dates
1 Jan 2025to 30 Jun 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 60 to 80 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Age 60 to 80
  • Willing and capable to participate in this study and training
  • Willing and capable to give informed consent to participate in this study
  • Preliminarily classified as physically prefrail/robust, in that they possess no more than three of the indicators on the Fried Frailty Index (FFI; unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow walking speed, weak grip strength; Bieniek et al., 2016)
  • Can walk independently to an elderly centre
  • Have a smartphone for internal group communication and remote interaction with their peers and the instructor

Who cannot join

  • History of systematic cardiovascular diseases causing stroke, Parkinson's disease, early stages of Alzheimer's disease, or cognitive impairment
  • Physical injuries or other conditions that would hinder regular attendance and participation in the assessments for the study
  • Concurrent major psychiatric disorder (e.g. major depressive disorder, schizophrenia) or drug and alcohol abuse
  • Unable to handle digital devices
  • Currently undergoing exercise programmes or classified as physically 'very active' (i.e. performing strenuous activity for 5+ hours each week)

Trial locations and contacts

No sites are listed yet. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Jiao JIAO, PhD contact

(852)34117005

jojojiao@hkbu.edu.hk

About this study

Frailty is a common clinical syndrome that is becoming increasingly important as populations age worldwide. Individuals who are frail are at a higher risk for negative outcomes, such as falls, disability, hospitalizations, and even death. The understanding of frailty has evolved from a straightforward concept to a complex model that includes physical, psychological, cognitive, and social factors. Since frailty is not static and can change over time, early interventions can be beneficial. Nevertheless, research in this area has been challenging due to a lack of agreement on what frailty encompasses and an inadequate understanding of how its different components interact. Defining frailty as a multidimensional issue is essential to recognize the adverse effects that can arise from medical, psychological, and social influences. However, recent studies have not sufficiently addressed how these different aspects work together or developed effective multidimensional interventions.

Read the detailed description

The study will be designed as a four-arm, double-blinded, cluster-randomised controlled trial. A sample (N = 308) of prefrail older adults aged 60-80 years will be recruited from 32 randomly selected elderly community centres in Hong Kong and classified into four frailty deficit patterns (multi-frailty, physical-to-psycho/social, nonphysical-to-psycho/social, and a robust control). With the hypothesised biopsychosocial framework pinpointing the intertwined relationships of these three domains of frailty, four intervention strategies (biological/psychosocial/nutritional, biological/nutritional, psychosocial/nutritional, and an inactive control) will be proposed to improve their overall frailty, regarding their physical, psychological, and social functioning, nutritional status, and lifestyle changes in a 9-month intervention and follow-up period. The primary objective will be to assess the effectiveness of the intervention strategies for improving the frailty status of participants in each of the four frailty deficit pattern groups, and to determine the most effective intervention strategy.

Being tested
Exercise, Psychosocial, Nutritional
Keywords
Multi-dimensional frailty, Biopsychosocial approach, Exercise training, Nutrition education, Psychosocial support, Older adults, Intervention programs

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • ExerciseBehavioural

    Involves participants engaging in physical training group sessions in light-to-moderate intensity.

  • PsychosocialBehavioural

    Involves participants engaging in selected board and card games which require cognitive and socialization skills to play in a group setting of 2-4 people.

  • NutritionalBehavioural

    Involves participants attending dietary classes taught by a certified dietitian, including individualized consultation.

Study groups in NCT06741878
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Exercise Training (Biological) + Board Games (Psychosocial) + Diet Consultation (Nutritional)Active comparatorNot described
Receives: Behavioral: Exercise; Behavioral: Psychosocial; Behavioral: Nutritional
Exercise Training (Biological) + Diet Consultation (Nutritional)Active comparatorNot described
Receives: Behavioral: Exercise; Behavioral: Nutritional
Board Games (Psychosocial) + Diet Consultation (Nutritional)Active comparatorNot described
Receives: Behavioral: Psychosocial; Behavioral: Nutritional
Inactive Control (No Treatment)No interventionNot described

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Frailty Status (pre-test)

    The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), with three subdomains (physical, psychological, and social), will be used in three evaluation time frames, respectively. The total TFI score ranges from 0 to 15, with a score of 5 (or above) indicating frailty.

    Measured: Pre-test (1st test): before intervention

  2. Frailty Status (2nd test)

    The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), with three subdomains (physical, psychological, and social), will be used in three evaluation time frames, respectively. The total TFI score ranges from 0 to 15, with a score of 5 (or above) indicating frailty.

    Measured: 2nd test: after 3-month intervention

  3. Frailty Status (3rd test)

    The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), with three subdomains (physical, psychological, and social), will be used in three evaluation time frames, respectively. The total TFI score ranges from 0 to 15, with a score of 5 (or above) indicating frailty.

    Measured: 3rd test: after 6-month follow up

  4. Physical Functioning-- Anthropometic Data (pre-test)

    Anthropometric data (e.g. BMI in kg/m^2) will be evaluated in 3 time frames, respectively.

    Measured: Pre-test (1st test): before intervention

  5. Physical Functioning-- Anthropometric Data (2nd test)

    Anthropometric data (e.g. BMI in kg/m^2) will be evaluated in 3 time frames, respectively.

    Measured: 2nd test: after 3-month intervention

  6. Physical Functioning-- Anthropometric Data (3rd test)

    Anthropometric data (e.g. BMI in kg/m^2) will be evaluated in 3 time frames, respectively.

    Measured: 3rd test: after 6-month follow up

  7. Physical Functioning-- Health Related Information (pre-test)

    Health-related information (heart rate, daily step counts, etc.) collected by a Smart Band will be used in three evaluation time frames, respectively.

    Measured: Pre-test (1st test): before intervention

  8. Physical Functioning-- Health Related Information (2nd test)

    Health-related information (heart rate, daily step counts, etc.) collected by a Smart Band will be used in three evaluation time frames, respectively.

    Measured: 2nd test: after 3-month intervention

  9. Physical Functioning-- Health Related Information (3rd test)

    Health-related information (heart rate, daily step counts, etc.) collected by a Smart Band will be used in three evaluation time frames, respectively.

    Measured: 3rd test: after 6-month follow up

  10. Physical Functioning-- Senior Physical Fitness Test Battery (pre-test)

    The senior physical fitness test battery (SPFT) (Jones, 2013) will be used in three evaluation time frames, respectively. The SPFT consists of six physical tests for assessing functional fitness in the elderly: 30 sec arm curl (muscular strength), 30 sec chair stand (muscular strength), 2 min step test (aerobic endurance), chair sit-and-reach (flexibility), back scratch test (flexibility), and up-and-go (dynamic balance).

    Measured: Pre-test (1st test): before intervention

  11. Physical Functioning-- Senior Physical Fitness Test Battery (2nd test)

    The senior physical fitness test battery (SPFT) (Jones, 2013) will be used in three evaluation time frames, respectively. The SPFT consists of six physical tests for assessing functional fitness in the elderly: 30 sec arm curl (muscular strength), 30 sec chair stand (muscular strength), 2 min step test (aerobic endurance), chair sit-and-reach (flexibility), back scratch test (flexibility), and up-and-go (dynamic balance).

    Measured: 2nd test: after 3-month intervention

  12. Physical Functioning-- Senior Physical Fitness Test Battery (3rd test)

    The senior physical fitness test battery (SPFT) (Jones, 2013) will be used in three evaluation time frames, respectively. The SPFT consists of six physical tests for assessing functional fitness in the elderly: 30 sec arm curl (muscular strength), 30 sec chair stand (muscular strength), 2 min step test (aerobic endurance), chair sit-and-reach (flexibility), back scratch test (flexibility), and up-and-go (dynamic balance).

    Measured: 3rd test: after 6-month follow up

  13. Psychological Functioning (pre-test)

    A seven-item scale of psychological well-being, which is an indicator of psychological functioning in the Comprehensive Model of Frailty (CMF) (Kwan et al., 2015), will be used in three evaluation time frames, respectively.

    Measured: Pre-test (1st test): before intervention

  14. Psychological Functioning (2nd test)

    A seven-item scale of psychological well-being, which is an indicator of psychological functioning in the Comprehensive Model of Frailty (CMF) (Kwan et al., 2015), will be used in three evaluation time frames, respectively.

    Measured: 2nd test: after 3-month intervention

  15. Psychological Functioning (3rd test)

    A seven-item scale of psychological well-being, which is an indicator of psychological functioning in the Comprehensive Model of Frailty (CMF) (Kwan et al., 2015), will be used in three evaluation time frames, respectively.

    Measured: 3rd test: after 6-month follow up

  16. Social Function (pre-test)

    The risk of social functioning deficits will be tested using the Social Frailty Index (SFI) in three evaluation time frames, respectively.

    Measured: Pre-test (1st test): before intervention

  17. Social Function (2nd test)

    The risk of social functioning deficits will be tested using the Social Frailty Index (SFI) in three evaluation time frames, respectively.

    Measured: 2nd test: after 3-month intervention

  18. Social Function (3rd test)

    The risk of social functioning deficits will be tested using the Social Frailty Index (SFI) in three evaluation time frames, respectively.

    Measured: 3rd test: after 6-month follow up

Secondary outcomes (12)
  1. Physical Activity Behavioural Changes (pre-test)

    Scales of physical activity behavioural change, intention/motivation, loneliness, subjective physical health, and health status will be measured using a survey that was used in a previous project (Chow et al., 2022), in three time frames.

    Measured: Pre-test (1st test): before intervention

  2. Physical Activity Behavioural Changes (2nd test)

    Scales of physical activity behavioural change, intention/motivation, loneliness, subjective physical health, and health status will be measured using a survey that was used in a previous project (Chow et al., 2022), in three time frames.

    Measured: 2nd test: after 3-month intervention

  3. Physical Activity Behavioural Changes (3rd test)

    Scales of physical activity behavioural change, intention/motivation, loneliness, subjective physical health, and health status will be measured using a survey that was used in a previous project (Chow et al., 2022), in three time frames.

    Measured: 3rd test: after 6-month follow up

  4. Exercise Self-efficacy (pre-test)

    Assessed using the validated Chinese scales of the Physical Exercise Self-efficacy Scale (PESES), a 5-item instrument with a 4-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 5 to 20. Higher scores shows higher routine physical exercise self-efficacy.

    Measured: Pre-test (1st test): before intervention

  5. Exercise Self-efficacy (2nd test)

    Assessed using the validated Chinese scales of the Physical Exercise Self-efficacy Scale (PESES), a 5-item instrument with a 4-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 5 to 20. Higher scores shows higher routine physical exercise self-efficacy.

    Measured: 2nd test: after 3-month intervention

  6. Exercise Self-efficacy (3rd test)

    Assessed using the validated Chinese scales of the Physical Exercise Self-efficacy Scale (PESES), a 5-item instrument with a 4-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 5 to 20. Higher scores shows higher routine physical exercise self-efficacy.

    Measured: 3rd test: after 6-month follow up

  7. Nutrition Self-efficacy (pre-test)

    Assessed using the Nutrition Self-efficacy Scale (NSES) (Schwarzer, 2009; Wong et al., 2020).

    Measured: Pre-test (1st test): before intervention

  8. Nutrition Self-efficacy (2nd test)

    Assessed using the Nutrition Self-efficacy Scale (NSES) (Schwarzer, 2009; Wong et al., 2020).

    Measured: 2nd test: after 3-month intervention

  9. Nutrition Self-efficacy (3rd test)

    Assessed using the Nutrition Self-efficacy Scale (NSES) (Schwarzer, 2009; Wong et al., 2020).

    Measured: 3rd test: after 6-month follow up

  10. Nutritional Status (pre-test)

    Assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment scale (MNA). The MNA score ranges from 0 to 14, with a higher score indicating better nutritional status.

    Measured: Pre-test (1st test): before intervention

  11. Nutritional Status (2nd test)

    Assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment scale (MNA). The MNA score ranges from 0 to 14, with a higher score indicating better nutritional status.

    Measured: 2nd test: after 3-month intervention

  12. Nutritional Status (3rd test)

    Assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment scale (MNA). The MNA score ranges from 0 to 14, with a higher score indicating better nutritional status.

    Measured: 3rd test: after 6-month follow up

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted19 Dec 2024
  2. Study start1 Jan 2025 (estimated)
  3. Primary completion31 Mar 2026 (estimated)
  4. Study completion30 Jun 2026 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Factorial
Masking
Double blind
Who is masked
Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
308 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06741878
Sponsor's protocol ID
12600824
Status last verified
Dec 2024
First submitted
11 Dec 2024
Last updated
19 Dec 2024
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No: In the application of university human ethics, the investigators have declared non-disclosure of individual data.

Publications

  • Jiao J, Man DW, Lippke S, Hassel H, Tam BT, Chan CH, Ng YL, Lo KK. A biopsychosocial approach to improving multidimensional frailty status in community-dwelling older adults: a protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2025 Jul 15;25(1):530. doi: 10.1186/s12877-025-06053-x.

    PubMed 40665217

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Exercise, Psychosocial and Nutritional in people with Frailty in Older Adults, run by Hong Kong Baptist University.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Dec 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Jiao JIAO, PhD ((852)34117005, jojojiao@hkbu.edu.hk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Frailty Status (pre-test) (time frame: Pre-test (1st test): before intervention). The study lists 18 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06741878, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Dec 2024.

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