Opioid Use DisorderNCT06743178
The Effects of Mass Media Photographs on Drug-Related Stigma
A study testing Photo of a person injecting drugs, Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (White) and Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black) in people with Opioid Use Disorder and Substance Use Disorders, run by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to drug-related photos used by the media on emotions, stigma towards people who use drugs, and public health services for this population. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Opioid Use Disorder, Substance Use Disorders, Stigma, Social
- What is being tested?
- Photo of a person injecting drugs, Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (White) and Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black)
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 3,570 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 20 Mar 2024to 8 Apr 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- participant in existing web-based survey panel (NORC's AmeriSpeak)
Who cannot join
- not able to complete experiment and survey in English
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
About this study
Official title: A Randomized Experiment to Test the Effects of Mass Media Photographs Related to Drug Use
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to drug-related photos used by the media on emotions, stigma towards people who use drugs, and public health services for this population.
Read the detailed description
This randomized experiment evaluated the impact of drug-related photographs used by the media on stigma towards people who use drugs. A nationally representative sample of US adults was randomized to view different photos used in the media (a person injecting drugs, a person being resuscitated after an overdose, a person receiving treatment, a person in recovery, or a person who had lost a family member to an overdose) and then asked questions about their feelings towards people who use drugs and their acceptance of public health services to address the overdose crisis.
- Conditions
- Opioid Use Disorder, Substance Use Disorders, Stigma, Social
- Being tested
- Photo of a person injecting drugs, Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (White), Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black), Photo of a person receiving treatment (Jail), Photo of a person receiving treatment (Community)
- Medical subject headings
- Opioid-Related Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Social Stigma
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Photo of a person injecting drugsBehavioural
Exposed to a photo of a person injecting drugs
Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (White)Behavioural
Exposed to a photo of EMS responding to an overdose (White)
Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black)Behavioural
Exposed to a photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black)
Photo of a person receiving treatment (Jail)Behavioural
Exposed to a photo of a person receiving treatment (Jail)
Photo of a person receiving treatment (Community)Behavioural
Exposed to a photo of a person receiving treatment (Community)
Photo of a person in recovery (White)Behavioural
Exposed to a photo of a person in recovery (White)
Photo of a person in recovery (Black)Behavioural
Exposed to a photo of a person in recovery (Black)
Photo of a family member of an overdose decedentBehavioural
Exposed to a photo of a family member of an overdose decedent
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| No exposure control group | No intervention | This group was not exposed to any drug-related photo. |
| Photo of person injecting drugs | Experimental | Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a person injecting drugs. Receives: Behavioral: Photo of a person injecting drugs |
| Photo of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responding to an overdose (White) | Experimental | Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of EMS responding to a white person who had overdosed. Receives: Behavioral: Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (White) |
| Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black) | Experimental | Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of EMS responding to a Black person who had overdosed. Receives: Behavioral: Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black) |
| Photo of a person receiving treatment (Jail) | Experimental | Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a person receiving methadone treatment in jail. Receives: Behavioral: Photo of a person receiving treatment (Jail) |
| Photo of a person receiving treatment (Community) | Experimental | Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a person receiving methadone treatment in a community setting. Receives: Behavioral: Photo of a person receiving treatment (Community) |
| Photo of a person in recovery (White) | Experimental | Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a white person in recovery in their workplace. Receives: Behavioral: Photo of a person in recovery (White) |
| Photo of a person in recovery (Black) | Experimental | Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a Black person in recovery in their workplace. Receives: Behavioral: Photo of a person in recovery (Black) |
| Photo of a family member of an overdose decedent | Experimental | Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a person who had lost a family member to an overdose. Receives: Behavioral: Photo of a family member of an overdose decedent |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Angry)
Rating of feeling angry at the present moment. Item from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "extremely" their feeling angry at the present moment.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Sympathy)
Rating of feeling sympathy at the present moment. Item from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "extremely" their feeling sympathy at the present moment.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Disgust)
Rating of feeling disgust at the present moment. Item from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "extremely" their feeling disgust at the present moment.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Pity)
Rating of feeling pity at the present moment. Item from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "extremely" their feeling pity at the present moment.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Social Distance Scale (Family)
Rating of willingness to have person with substance use disorder marry into their family. Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness to have a person with a substance use disorder marry into the family.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Social Distance Scale (Neighbor)
Rating of willingness to have person with substance use disorder as a neighbor. Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness to have a person with a substance use disorder as a neighbor.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Social Distance Scale (Work Closely)
Rating of willingness to have person with substance use disorder work closely with them. Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness to have a person with a substance use disorder work closely with them.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Social Distance Scale (close friend)
Rating of willingness to have person with substance use disorder as a close personal friend. Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness to have a person with a substance use disorder as a close personal friend.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Feeling-Thermometer measure of warmth towards people with substance use disorders
Rating of warmth felt toward people with substance use disorder with 0 indicating extremely cold and 100 indicating extremely warm.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of agreement that recovery is possible
Rating of agreement with statement "Recovery from a drug addiction is possible" on a 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating strongly agree and 5 indicating strongly disagree.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have a drug treatment program in their neighborhood
Rating of willingness to have a drug treatment program in their neighborhood with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness. Measured via survey questionnaire.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have a syringe exchange program in their neighborhood
Rating of willingness to have a syringe exchange program in their neighborhood with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have a safe consumption site in their neighborhood
Participant's rating of willingness to have a safe consumption site in their neighborhood with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Number of participants having a family member with a substance use disorder
Personal experience of having a family member with a substance use disorder. Three close-ended response options (Yes, No, Don't know) when asked if the participant has ever had a family member with a substance use disorder.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Number of participants having a close friend with a substance use disorder
Personal experience of having a close friend with a substance use disorder. Three close-ended response options (Yes, No, Don't know) when asked if the participant has ever had a close friend with a substance use disorder.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Number of participants having substance use disorder
Personal experience of having a substance use disorder. Three close-ended response options (Yes; No; Don't Know) when asked if the participant has ever had a substance use disorder. Measured via survey questionnaire.
Measured: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Dec 2024
- Study start20 Mar 2024
- Primary completion8 Apr 2024
- Study completion8 Apr 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Opioid Use DisorderStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 3,570 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Vital Strategies
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Alene Kennedy-Hendricks, PhD, Principal investigator, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06743178
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IRB00026173
- Status last verified
- Dec 2024
- First submitted
- 16 Dec 2024
- Last updated
- 19 Dec 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Hom JK, Heley K, Bandara S, Kennedy-Hendricks A. The impact of news photographs on drug-related stigma: A randomized message testing experiment in a National Sample of US Adults. Prev Med. 2025 Jun;195:108293. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108293. Epub 2025 Apr 29.
PubMed 40311941
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Dec 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized Experiment to Test the Effects of Mass Media Photographs Related to Drug Use
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06743178
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IRB00026173
- Conditions
- Opioid Use Disorder, Substance Use Disorders, Stigma, Social
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 3,570 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Vital Strategies
- Study start
- 20 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 8 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 8 Apr 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to drug-related photos used by the media on emotions, stigma towards people who use drugs, and public health services for this population.
Detailed description
This randomized experiment evaluated the impact of drug-related photographs used by the media on stigma towards people who use drugs. A nationally representative sample of US adults was randomized to view different photos used in the media (a person injecting drugs, a person being resuscitated after an overdose, a person receiving treatment, a person in recovery, or a person who had lost a family member to an overdose) and then asked questions about their feelings towards people who use drugs and their acceptance of public health services to address the overdose crisis.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 9
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| No exposure control group | No intervention | –This group was not exposed to any drug-related photo. |
| Photo of person injecting drugs | Experimental | Behavioral: Photo of a person injecting drugsParticipants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a person injecting drugs. |
| Photo of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responding to an overdose (White) | Experimental | Behavioral: Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (White)Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of EMS responding to a white person who had overdosed. |
| Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black) | Experimental | Behavioral: Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black)Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of EMS responding to a Black person who had overdosed. |
| Photo of a person receiving treatment (Jail) | Experimental | Behavioral: Photo of a person receiving treatment (Jail)Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a person receiving methadone treatment in jail. |
| Photo of a person receiving treatment (Community) | Experimental | Behavioral: Photo of a person receiving treatment (Community)Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a person receiving methadone treatment in a community setting. |
| Photo of a person in recovery (White) | Experimental | Behavioral: Photo of a person in recovery (White)Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a white person in recovery in their workplace. |
| Photo of a person in recovery (Black) | Experimental | Behavioral: Photo of a person in recovery (Black)Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a Black person in recovery in their workplace. |
| Photo of a family member of an overdose decedent | Experimental | Behavioral: Photo of a family member of an overdose decedentParticipants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a person who had lost a family member to an overdose. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- participant in existing web-based survey panel (NORC's AmeriSpeak)
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- not able to complete experiment and survey in English
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Photo of a person injecting drugsExposed to a photo of a person injecting drugs | Behavioural | Photo of person injecting drugs |
| Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (White)Exposed to a photo of EMS responding to an overdose (White) | Behavioural | Photo of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responding to an overdose (White) |
| Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black)Exposed to a photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black) | Behavioural | Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black) |
| Photo of a person receiving treatment (Jail)Exposed to a photo of a person receiving treatment (Jail) | Behavioural | Photo of a person receiving treatment (Jail) |
| Photo of a person receiving treatment (Community)Exposed to a photo of a person receiving treatment (Community) | Behavioural | Photo of a person receiving treatment (Community) |
| Photo of a person in recovery (White)Exposed to a photo of a person in recovery (White) | Behavioural | Photo of a person in recovery (White) |
| Photo of a person in recovery (Black)Exposed to a photo of a person in recovery (Black) | Behavioural | Photo of a person in recovery (Black) |
| Photo of a family member of an overdose decedentExposed to a photo of a family member of an overdose decedent | Behavioural | Photo of a family member of an overdose decedent |
Primary outcome
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Angry)
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of feeling angry at the present moment. Item from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "extremely" their feeling angry at the present moment.
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Sympathy)
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of feeling sympathy at the present moment. Item from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "extremely" their feeling sympathy at the present moment.
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Disgust)
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of feeling disgust at the present moment. Item from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "extremely" their feeling disgust at the present moment.
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Pity)
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of feeling pity at the present moment. Item from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "extremely" their feeling pity at the present moment.
Social Distance Scale (Family)
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have person with substance use disorder marry into their family. Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness to have a person with a substance use disorder marry into the family.
Social Distance Scale (Neighbor)
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have person with substance use disorder as a neighbor. Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness to have a person with a substance use disorder as a neighbor.
Social Distance Scale (Work Closely)
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have person with substance use disorder work closely with them. Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness to have a person with a substance use disorder work closely with them.
Social Distance Scale (close friend)
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have person with substance use disorder as a close personal friend. Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness to have a person with a substance use disorder as a close personal friend.
Feeling-Thermometer measure of warmth towards people with substance use disorders
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of warmth felt toward people with substance use disorder with 0 indicating extremely cold and 100 indicating extremely warm.
Rating of agreement that recovery is possible
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of agreement with statement "Recovery from a drug addiction is possible" on a 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating strongly agree and 5 indicating strongly disagree.
Rating of willingness to have a drug treatment program in their neighborhood
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have a drug treatment program in their neighborhood with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness. Measured via survey questionnaire.
Rating of willingness to have a syringe exchange program in their neighborhood
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have a syringe exchange program in their neighborhood with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness.
Rating of willingness to have a safe consumption site in their neighborhood
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Participant's rating of willingness to have a safe consumption site in their neighborhood with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness.
Number of participants having a family member with a substance use disorder
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Personal experience of having a family member with a substance use disorder. Three close-ended response options (Yes, No, Don't know) when asked if the participant has ever had a family member with a substance use disorder.
Number of participants having a close friend with a substance use disorder
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Personal experience of having a close friend with a substance use disorder. Three close-ended response options (Yes, No, Don't know) when asked if the participant has ever had a close friend with a substance use disorder.
Number of participants having substance use disorder
Time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Personal experience of having a substance use disorder. Three close-ended response options (Yes; No; Don't Know) when asked if the participant has ever had a substance use disorder. Measured via survey questionnaire.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Dec 2024.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40311941Hom JK, Heley K, Bandara S, Kennedy-Hendricks A. The impact of news photographs on drug-related stigma: A randomized message testing experiment in a National Sample of US Adults. Prev Med. 2025 Jun;195:108293. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108293. Epub 2025 Apr 29.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Opioid Use Disorder
Not yet recruiting
Prescribe to Prevent HIV: A Hybrid Trial Helping Addiction Clinics Prevent HIV & Infections Through Safer Drug Use Support
People Who Use Opioids/People With Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
Enrolling by invitationObservational study
Development of an Interview-Informed Timeline Follow-Back (TLFB) for Opioid Use in the Era of Fentanyl
Substance Use Disorders (SUDs)
Not yet recruiting
Comprehensive Opioid Management and Breathing During Sleep
Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Chronic Opioid Use
Active, not recruitingPhase 2
Wellcome Leap Psilocybin for OUD
Opioid Use Disorder
Recruiting
Opioid and Pain Treatment in Indigenous Communities (OPTIC) Trial
Opioid Use Disorder, Opioid Misuse
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Alene Kennedy-Hendricks, PhD principal investigator
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Photo of a person injecting drugs, Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (White) and Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black) in people with Opioid Use Disorder and Substance Use Disorders, run by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Dec 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Angry) (time frame: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention). The study lists 16 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06743178, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Dec 2024; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.