Substance UseNCT06785311
Native Spirit: Significant Aim 3: Intervention
A study testing Native Spirit After-School Program in people with Substance Use and Self Esteem, run by Arizona State University at 2 sites in United States.
Trial summary
The proposed research will used community-based participatory research methods in an urban-based American Indian (AI) community to adapt, implement, and evaluate an after-school program, called Native Spirit (NS), that seeks to improve cultural identity, self-esteem, resilience, and prevent substance use by increasing… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 12 to 17 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Substance Use, Self Esteem, Youth Drinking
- What is being tested?
- Native Spirit After-School Program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 9 Jan 2025to 31 Aug 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 12 to 17 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- English-speaking
- Currently in grade 7-12 at time of enrollment
- Member of the Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC) OR member of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe (PYT)
- Engaged in after school programs.
Who cannot join
- Non-American Indians will be excluded from statistical analysis
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States2 sites, 2 recruiting
- Recruiting
Way of Life Facility
Scottsdale, Arizona, 85256
Tori Paukgana, (480) 362-7914, tori.paukgana@srpmic-nsn.gov
- Not yet recruiting
Pascua Yaqui Tribe Boys & Girls Club
Tucson, Arizona, 85746
Deina Pino, (520) 883-7128
About this study
Official title: Native Spirit: Culturally-grounded Substance Use Prevention for Indigenous Adolescents
The proposed research will used community-based participatory research methods in an urban-based American Indian (AI) community to adapt, implement, and evaluate an after-school program, called Native Spirit (NS), that seeks to improve cultural identity, self-esteem, resilience, and prevent substance use by increasing cultural engagement. Prior research suggests that AI youth that are culturally engaged experience better health outcomes. Additionally, the use of culturally-specific after-school programs has been shown to increase feasibility and sustainability of prevention programs. In order to achieve the goals of this proposed study, the Principal Investigator (PI) will work with local community members and existing tribal partners to implement the 10-session culturally-grounded after-school program and evaluate the program with the following aims:
Specific Aim 3 (R00): Examine the effectiveness of NS (increases exposure to local cultural values and activities), a program that seeks to prevent or decrease substance use by strengthening self-esteem, resilience, and cultural identity with 2 Indigenous communities in Arizona using a wait-list control design with 3 data collection timepoints and participant interviews.
Read the detailed description
Specific Aim (SA) 3:
The objective of SA 3 is to examine the effectiveness of Native Spirit (NS) in the Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC) and Pascua Yaqui Tribe (PYT) adolescents (grades 7-12) on preventing or decreasing substance use and strengthening cultural identity, self-esteem, and resilience. SA 3 will use a wait-list control design.
Procedure:
Step 1: Recruitment and Consent 1.1 Recruitment and consent process will occur December 2024-January 2025 for SRPMIC and July-September 2025 for PYT Cohort 1 and Jul7-September 2026 for PYT Cohort 2.
Step 2: Baseline Assessment - Time 1 (T1)
2.1 SRPMIC participants will take the T1 assessment in January 2025. Surveys will be conducted virtually on participant cell phones. The research team will also print out multiple hard copies of the survey for participants who do not have access to a cell phone. Participants will sit at individual desks that are spaced so they cannot see each others assessment answers to minimize confidentiality risks. PYT participants will take the T1 assessment in August 2025.
Who: Virtual surveys will be administered by the PI and research team. Where: T1 assessment will be completed at the research sites - the SRPMIC Way of Life Facility and the PYT Boys \& Girls Club.
How Long: T1 assessment will take 20-30 minutes to complete. How/What data: T1 assessment data will be collected virtually through REDCap. Duration: T1 assessment data will be completed in January 2025 for SRPMIC and August 2025 for PYT.
Step 3: Spring 2025 Intervention 3.1 SA3 uses a wait-list control design. The SRPMIC will be allocated to the intervention first. This is because the PI has worked with the SRPMIC for five years and the SRPMIC already has a developed intervention curriculum (the PI will submit a modification for review once curriculum is updated for 2025 intervention). This will allow the PI and the PYT to adapt the intervention. The intervention group (SRPMIC) will receive the intervention (NS program). Each intervention session is based on an Indigenous cultural value and cultural activity/practice that is specific to the SRPMIC.
Who: Intervention sessions will be facilitated by local cultural knowledge holders. At least one member of the research team will attend each session to ensure fidelity Where: Intervention sessions will be held at the research sites - the SRPMIC Way of Life Facility How Long: Each intervention session will last for 60-90 minutes, once a week for 10 weeks Duration: The Spring intervention will take place from January 2025 - May 2025
3.2 The research team will take candid pictures during the intervention that can be used for results dissemination. Any identifiable pictures with youth who do not have signed assent/consent forms will be immediately deleted.
Step 4: Follow-Up Assessment - Time 2 (T2) 4.1 SRPMIC participants will take the T2 assessment in May 2025. Surveys will be conducted virtually on participant cell phones. The research team will also print out multiple hard copies of the survey for participants who do not have access to a cell phone. Participants will sit at individual desks that are spaced so they cannot see each other's assessment answers to minimize confidentiality risks.
Who: Virtual surveys will be administered by the PI and research team. Where: T2 assessment will be completed at the research site - the SRPMIC Way of Life Facility How Long: T2 assessment will take 20-30 minutes to complete. How/What data: T2 assessment data will be collected virtually through REDCap. Duration: The T2 assessment will be completed in May 2025
Step 5: Spring Participant interviews
5.1 Participants who received the NS intervention in the Spring will be recruited to participate in the participant interviews based on their quantitative assessment scores. The research team will recruit participants who are interested in being interviewed. Each participant will complete an individual, 30-60-minute interview intended to identify personal impacts of participation in the NS program on self-esteem, resilience, cultural identity, and substance use. Interview questions are included in an attachment Who: Interviews will be conducted by the research assistants who have received training in interview procedures.
Where: Interviews will be held in private rooms at the research site - the SRPMIC Way of Life Facility How/What data: Interview data will be collected with a digital recorder. How Long: Each interview will last for 30-45 minutes Duration: Spring interviews will be completed between May-June 2025
Step 6: Fall 2025 Usual Programming
6.1 Both groups (SRPMIC and PYT) will receive control or "usual" programming. Usual programming includes a life skills program that focuses on financial wellness for teens, called "Money Matters" (Usual Practice). Participants will learn valuable financial life skills.
Who: Control sessions will be facilitated by the research site partner (after-school program employees) who typically implement their usual programming Where: Control sessions will be held at the research site - the SRPMIC Way of Life Facility and the PYT Boys \& Girls Clubs How Long: Each control session will last for 60-90 minutes, once a week for 10 weeks Duration: The Fall Usual Programming will take place from August 2025 - December 2025
Step 7: Follow-Up Assessment - Time 2 (T2) and Time 3 (T3)
7.1 SRPMIC participants will take the T3 assessment in December 2025 and PYT participants will take the T2 assessment also in December 2025. Surveys will be conducted virtually on participant cell phones. The research team will also print out multiple hard copies of the survey for participants who do not have access to a cell phone. Participants will sit at individual desks that are spaced so they cannot see each other's assessment answers to minimize confidentiality risks.
Who: Virtual surveys will be administered by the PI and research team. Where: T3 and T2 assessments will be completed at the research sites - the SRPMIC Way of Life Facility and the PYT Boys \& Girls Club How Long: T2 and T3 assessments will take 20-30 minutes to complete. How/What data: T2 and T3 assessment data will be collected virtually through REDCap.
Duration: The T2 and T3 assessments will be completed in December 2025
Step 8: Spring 2026 Intervention
8.1 The wait-list group (PYT Cohort 1) will receive the intervention (NS program). Each intervention session is based on an Indigenous cultural value and cultural activity/practice that is specific to the PYT. The PYT intervention curriculum will be developed between July 2025-December 2025. It will have a similar organizational structure.
Who: Intervention sessions will be facilitated by local cultural knowledge holders. At least one member of the research team will attend each session to ensure fidelity Where: Intervention sessions will be held at the research site - PYT Boys \& Girls Club How Long: Each intervention session will last for 60-90 minutes, once a week for 10 weeks Duration: The Spring 2026 Cohort 1 intervention will take place from January-March 2026.
8.2 The research team will take candid pictures during the intervention that can be used for results dissemination. Any identifiable pictures with youth who do not have signed assent/consent forms will be immediately deleted.
Step 9: Follow-Up Assessment - Time 3 (T3)
9.1 PYT Cohort 1 participants will take the T3 assessment in March 2026. Surveys will be conducted virtually on participant cell phones. The research team will also print out multiple hard copies of the survey for participants who do not have access to a cell phone. Participants will sit at individual desks that are spaced so they cannot see each other's assessment answers to minimize confidentiality risks.
Who: Virtual surveys will be administered by the PI and research team. Where: T3 assessment will be completed at the research site - the PYT Boys \& Girls Club How Long: T3 assessment will take 20-30 minutes to complete. How/What data: T3 assessment data will be collected virtually through Qualtrics.
Duration: T3 assessment will be completed in May 2026.
Step 10: Participant interviews
10.1 PYT Cohort 1 Participants who received the NS intervention in Spring 2026 will be recruited to participate in the participant interviews based on their quantitative assessment scores. The research team will recruit participants who are interested in being interviewed. Each participant will complete an individual, 30-60-minute interview intended to identify personal impacts of participation in the NS program on self-esteem, resilience, cultural identity, and substance use.
Who: Interviews will be conducted by the research assistants who have received training in interview procedures.
Where: Interviews will be held in private rooms at the research site - the PYT Boys \& Girls Club How/What data: Interview data will be collected with a digital recorder. How Long: Each interview will last for 30-45 minutes Duration: Spring interviews will be completed in March2026
Step 11: PYT Cohort 2 Baseline Assessment - Time 1 (T1)
11.1 PYT Cohort 2 participants will take the T1 assessment in September 2026. Surveys will be conducted virtually on participant cell phones. The research team will also print out multiple hard copies of the survey for participants who do not have access to a cell phone. Participants will sit at individual desks that are spaced so they cannot see each others assessment answers to minimize confidentiality risks.
Who: Virtual surveys will be administered by the PI and research team. Where: T1 assessment will be completed at the research site - the PYT Boys \& Girls Club.
How Long: T1 assessment will take 20-30 minutes to complete. How/What data: T1 assessment data will be collected virtually through REDCap. Duration: T1 assessment data will be completed in September 2026 for PYT Cohort 2.
Step 12: Fall 2026 Intervention
12.1 The wait-list group (PYT Cohort 2) will receive the intervention (NS program). Each intervention session is based on an Indigenous cultural value and cultural activity/practice that is specific to the PYT.
Who: Intervention sessions will be facilitated by local cultural knowledge holders. At least one member of the research team will attend each session to ensure fidelity Where: Intervention sessions will be held at the research site - PYT Boys \& Girls Club How Long: Each intervention session will last for 60-90 minutes, once a week for 10 weeks Duration: The Fall 2026 Cohort 2 intervention will take place from September-December 2026.
12.2 The research team will take candid pictures during the intervention that can be used for results dissemination. Any identifiable pictures with youth who do not have signed assent/consent forms will be immediately deleted.
Step 13: Follow-Up Assessment - Time 2 (T2)
13.1 PYT Cohort 2 participants will take the T2 assessment in December 2026. Surveys will be conducted virtually on participant cell phones. The research team will also print out multiple hard copies of the survey for participants who do not have access to a cell phone. Participants will sit at individual desks that are spaced so they cannot see each other's assessment answers to minimize confidentiality risks.
Who: Virtual surveys will be administered by the PI and research team. Where: T2 assessment will be completed at the research site - the PYT Boys \& Girls Club How Long: T2 assessment will take 20-30 minutes to complete. How/What data: T2 assessment data will be collected virtually through Qualtrics.
Duration: T2 assessment will be completed in December 2026.
Step 14: Participant interviews
10.1 PYT Cohort 2 Participants who received the NS intervention in Fall 2026 will be recruited to participate in the participant interviews based on their quantitative assessment scores. The research team will recruit participants who are interested in being interviewed. Each participant will complete an individual, 30-60-minute interview intended to identify personal impacts of participation in the NS program on self-esteem, resilience, cultural identity, and substance use.
Who: Interviews will be conducted by the research assistants who have received training in interview procedures.
Where: Interviews will be held in private rooms at the research site - the PYT Boys \& Girls Club How/What data: Interview data will be collected with a digital recorder. How Long: Each interview will last for 30-45 minutes Duration: Fall interviews will be completed in December 2026
- Conditions
- Substance Use, Self Esteem, Youth Drinking, Prevention, Suicide
- Being tested
- Native Spirit After-School Program
- Keywords
- American Indian, Adolescent Health, Prevention, After-School Programs
- Medical subject headings
- Substance-Related Disorders, Underage Drinking, Suicide Prevention
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Native Spirit After-School ProgramBehavioural
Also called Native Spirit
Native Spirit is a culturally-grounded after-school program that is community-specific. The program is 10-sessions/weeks long and each session is 1.5-2 hours in duration. Each session is guided by a local cultural knowledge holder and is focused on a different cultural value and accompanying cultural practice. Native Spirit aims to promote self-esteem, cultural efficacy, awareness of cultural connectedness, and resilience while preventing and/or slow down the initiation of substance use.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | The intervention group will receive the intervention (Native Spirit after-school program). Each intervention session is based on an Indigenous cultural value and cultural activity/practice that is specific to the community. The intervention is 10, 1.5 hour sessions that occur once/week from January-May 2025.
After the Crossover the Intervention group will engage in "usual programming" August-December 2025. Receives: Behavioral: Native Spirit After-School Program |
| Wait-List Group | Active comparator | The wait-list group will receive control or "usual" programming. Usual programming includes a life skills program that focuses on financial wellness for teens, called "Money Matters" (Usual Practice). Participants will learn valuable financial life skills. Control sessions will be facilitated by the research site partner (after-school program employees) who typically implement their usual programming. Control sessions will be held at the research site. Each control session will last for 60-90 minutes, once a week for 10 weeks taking place from August 2025 - December 2025
After the Crossover the wait-list group will receive the intervention January-March 2026 (Cohort 1) and September-December 2026 (Cohort 2). Receives: Behavioral: Native Spirit After-School Program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Past 30-Day Substance Use
Data collection will focus on recent, self-reproted (past 30-day) use frequency of alcohol, cigarettes/e- cigarettes, marijuana, and other hard drugs (crystal methamphetamine, cocaine, etc.). The survey will also include a qualifying question on lifetime use of the following substances in order to measure delay of onset of use (in the case that participants have never used any of the measured substances).
Measured: Baseline, Immediately Post-Invervention, 3 months follow-up post-intervention
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Self-Reported measure of self-esteem using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. The is scored by totaling the individual 4-point items after reverse-scoring the negatively worded items with a minimum score of 10 and maximum score of 40. Higher scores indicate a better outcome (stronger sense of self-esteem).
Measured: Baseline, Immediately Post-Invervention, 3 months follow-up post-intervention
Child and Youth Resilience Measure
Self-Reported measure of resilience using the Child and Youth Resilience Measure. The items within the measures can be directly summed to gain a total score of an individual's resilience. Responses are on a 5-point Likert scale (going from 1-5), the minimum score is 17 and the maximum score is 85. Higher scores indicate a better outcome (stronger sense of resilience).
Measured: Baseline, Immediately Post-Invervention, 3 months follow-up post-intervention
Cultural Efficacy
Self-Reported measure of cultural efficacy. This is on a 5-point Likert scale with a minimum score of 8 and maximum score of 40. Higher scores indicate a better outcome (cultural efficacy).
Measured: Baseline, Immediately Post-Invervention, 3 months follow-up post-intervention
Awareness of Connectedness Scale
Self-Reported measure of awareness of connectedness to culture using the Awareness of Connectedness Scale. This is a 3-point Likert scale with scores ranging from 12 to 36. Higher scores indicate a better outcome (stronger awareness of connectedness).
Measured: Baseline, Immediately Post-Invervention, 3 months follow-up post-intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Jan 2025
- Study start9 Jan 2025
- Primary completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Aug 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Substance UseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Wait-list controlled trial
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Arizona State University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Amanda Hunter, Arizona State University
- Investigators
- Amanda Hunter, PhD, Principal investigator, Assistant Professor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06785311
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- STUDY00020073
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 11 Jan 2025
- Last updated
- 17 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: This study includes data collection with two sovereign Native Nations in Arizona. Collected data and access to this data is ultimately under the discretion of the Tribal leadership, the departments involved, and the Office of the Attorney General.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Native Spirit: Culturally-grounded Substance Use Prevention for Indigenous Adolescents
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06785311
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- STUDY00020073
- Conditions
- Substance Use, Self Esteem, Youth Drinking, Prevention, Suicide
- Keywords
- American Indian, Adolescent Health, Prevention, After-School Programs
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Arizona State UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 9 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Aug 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 21 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The proposed research will used community-based participatory research methods in an urban-based American Indian (AI) community to adapt, implement, and evaluate an after-school program, called Native Spirit (NS), that seeks to improve cultural identity, self-esteem, resilience, and prevent substance use by increasing cultural engagement. Prior research suggests that AI youth that are culturally engaged experience better health outcomes. Additionally, the use of culturally-specific after-school programs has been shown to increase feasibility and sustainability of prevention programs. In order to achieve the goals of this proposed study, the Principal Investigator (PI) will work with local community members and existing tribal partners to implement the 10-session culturally-grounded after-school program and evaluate the program with the following aims:
Specific Aim 3 (R00): Examine the effectiveness of NS (increases exposure to local cultural values and activities), a program that seeks to prevent or decrease substance use by strengthening self-esteem, resilience, and cultural identity with 2 Indigenous communities in Arizona using a wait-list control design with 3 data collection timepoints and participant interviews.
Detailed description
Specific Aim (SA) 3:
The objective of SA 3 is to examine the effectiveness of Native Spirit (NS) in the Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC) and Pascua Yaqui Tribe (PYT) adolescents (grades 7-12) on preventing or decreasing substance use and strengthening cultural identity, self-esteem, and resilience. SA 3 will use a wait-list control design.
Procedure:
Step 1: Recruitment and Consent 1.1 Recruitment and consent process will occur December 2024-January 2025 for SRPMIC and July-September 2025 for PYT Cohort 1 and Jul7-September 2026 for PYT Cohort 2.
Step 2: Baseline Assessment - Time 1 (T1)
2.1 SRPMIC participants will take the T1 assessment in January 2025. Surveys will be conducted virtually on participant cell phones. The research team will also print out multiple hard copies of the survey for participants who do not have access to a cell phone. Participants will sit at individual desks that are spaced so they cannot see each others assessment answers to minimize confidentiality risks. PYT participants will take the T1 assessment in August 2025.
Who: Virtual surveys will be administered by the PI and research team. Where: T1 assessment will be completed at the research sites - the SRPMIC Way of Life Facility and the PYT Boys \& Girls Club.
How Long: T1 assessment will take 20-30 minutes to complete. How/What data: T1 assessment data will be collected virtually through REDCap. Duration: T1 assessment data will be completed in January 2025 for SRPMIC and August 2025 for PYT.
Step 3: Spring 2025 Intervention 3.1 SA3 uses a wait-list control design. The SRPMIC will be allocated to the intervention first. This is because the PI has worked with the SRPMIC for five years and the SRPMIC already has a developed intervention curriculum (the PI will submit a modification for review once curriculum is updated for 2025 intervention). This will allow the PI and the PYT to adapt the intervention. The intervention group (SRPMIC) will receive the intervention (NS program). Each intervention session is based on an Indigenous cultural value and cultural activity/practice that is specific to the SRPMIC.
Who: Intervention sessions will be facilitated by local cultural knowledge holders. At least one member of the research team will attend each session to ensure fidelity Where: Intervention sessions will be held at the research sites - the SRPMIC Way of Life Facility How Long: Each intervention session will last for 60-90 minutes, once a week for 10 weeks Duration: The Spring intervention will take place from January 2025 - May 2025
3.2 The research team will take candid pictures during the intervention that can be used for results dissemination. Any identifiable pictures with youth who do not have signed assent/consent forms will be immediately deleted.
Step 4: Follow-Up Assessment - Time 2 (T2) 4.1 SRPMIC participants will take the T2 assessment in May 2025. Surveys will be conducted virtually on participant cell phones. The research team will also print out multiple hard copies of the survey for participants who do not have access to a cell phone. Participants will sit at individual desks that are spaced so they cannot see each other's assessment answers to minimize confidentiality risks.
Who: Virtual surveys will be administered by the PI and research team. Where: T2 assessment will be completed at the research site - the SRPMIC Way of Life Facility How Long: T2 assessment will take 20-30 minutes to complete. How/What data: T2 assessment data will be collected virtually through REDCap. Duration: The T2 assessment will be completed in May 2025
Step 5: Spring Participant interviews
5.1 Participants who received the NS intervention in the Spring will be recruited to participate in the participant interviews based on their quantitative assessment scores. The research team will recruit participants who are interested in being interviewed. Each participant will complete an individual, 30-60-minute interview intended to identify personal impacts of participation in the NS program on self-esteem, resilience, cultural identity, and substance use. Interview questions are included in an attachment Who: Interviews will be conducted by the research assistants who have received training in interview procedures.
Where: Interviews will be held in private rooms at the research site - the SRPMIC Way of Life Facility How/What data: Interview data will be collected with a digital recorder. How Long: Each interview will last for 30-45 minutes Duration: Spring interviews will be completed between May-June 2025
Step 6: Fall 2025 Usual Programming
6.1 Both groups (SRPMIC and PYT) will receive control or "usual" programming. Usual programming includes a life skills program that focuses on financial wellness for teens, called "Money Matters" (Usual Practice). Participants will learn valuable financial life skills.
Who: Control sessions will be facilitated by the research site partner (after-school program employees) who typically implement their usual programming Where: Control sessions will be held at the research site - the SRPMIC Way of Life Facility and the PYT Boys \& Girls Clubs How Long: Each control session will last for 60-90 minutes, once a week for 10 weeks Duration: The Fall Usual Programming will take place from August 2025 - December 2025
Step 7: Follow-Up Assessment - Time 2 (T2) and Time 3 (T3)
7.1 SRPMIC participants will take the T3 assessment in December 2025 and PYT participants will take the T2 assessment also in December 2025. Surveys will be conducted virtually on participant cell phones. The research team will also print out multiple hard copies of the survey for participants who do not have access to a cell phone. Participants will sit at individual desks that are spaced so they cannot see each other's assessment answers to minimize confidentiality risks.
Who: Virtual surveys will be administered by the PI and research team. Where: T3 and T2 assessments will be completed at the research sites - the SRPMIC Way of Life Facility and the PYT Boys \& Girls Club How Long: T2 and T3 assessments will take 20-30 minutes to complete. How/What data: T2 and T3 assessment data will be collected virtually through REDCap.
Duration: The T2 and T3 assessments will be completed in December 2025
Step 8: Spring 2026 Intervention
8.1 The wait-list group (PYT Cohort 1) will receive the intervention (NS program). Each intervention session is based on an Indigenous cultural value and cultural activity/practice that is specific to the PYT. The PYT intervention curriculum will be developed between July 2025-December 2025. It will have a similar organizational structure.
Who: Intervention sessions will be facilitated by local cultural knowledge holders. At least one member of the research team will attend each session to ensure fidelity Where: Intervention sessions will be held at the research site - PYT Boys \& Girls Club How Long: Each intervention session will last for 60-90 minutes, once a week for 10 weeks Duration: The Spring 2026 Cohort 1 intervention will take place from January-March 2026.
8.2 The research team will take candid pictures during the intervention that can be used for results dissemination. Any identifiable pictures with youth who do not have signed assent/consent forms will be immediately deleted.
Step 9: Follow-Up Assessment - Time 3 (T3)
9.1 PYT Cohort 1 participants will take the T3 assessment in March 2026. Surveys will be conducted virtually on participant cell phones. The research team will also print out multiple hard copies of the survey for participants who do not have access to a cell phone. Participants will sit at individual desks that are spaced so they cannot see each other's assessment answers to minimize confidentiality risks.
Who: Virtual surveys will be administered by the PI and research team. Where: T3 assessment will be completed at the research site - the PYT Boys \& Girls Club How Long: T3 assessment will take 20-30 minutes to complete. How/What data: T3 assessment data will be collected virtually through Qualtrics.
Duration: T3 assessment will be completed in May 2026.
Step 10: Participant interviews
10.1 PYT Cohort 1 Participants who received the NS intervention in Spring 2026 will be recruited to participate in the participant interviews based on their quantitative assessment scores. The research team will recruit participants who are interested in being interviewed. Each participant will complete an individual, 30-60-minute interview intended to identify personal impacts of participation in the NS program on self-esteem, resilience, cultural identity, and substance use.
Who: Interviews will be conducted by the research assistants who have received training in interview procedures.
Where: Interviews will be held in private rooms at the research site - the PYT Boys \& Girls Club How/What data: Interview data will be collected with a digital recorder. How Long: Each interview will last for 30-45 minutes Duration: Spring interviews will be completed in March2026
Step 11: PYT Cohort 2 Baseline Assessment - Time 1 (T1)
11.1 PYT Cohort 2 participants will take the T1 assessment in September 2026. Surveys will be conducted virtually on participant cell phones. The research team will also print out multiple hard copies of the survey for participants who do not have access to a cell phone. Participants will sit at individual desks that are spaced so they cannot see each others assessment answers to minimize confidentiality risks.
Who: Virtual surveys will be administered by the PI and research team. Where: T1 assessment will be completed at the research site - the PYT Boys \& Girls Club.
How Long: T1 assessment will take 20-30 minutes to complete. How/What data: T1 assessment data will be collected virtually through REDCap. Duration: T1 assessment data will be completed in September 2026 for PYT Cohort 2.
Step 12: Fall 2026 Intervention
12.1 The wait-list group (PYT Cohort 2) will receive the intervention (NS program). Each intervention session is based on an Indigenous cultural value and cultural activity/practice that is specific to the PYT.
Who: Intervention sessions will be facilitated by local cultural knowledge holders. At least one member of the research team will attend each session to ensure fidelity Where: Intervention sessions will be held at the research site - PYT Boys \& Girls Club How Long: Each intervention session will last for 60-90 minutes, once a week for 10 weeks Duration: The Fall 2026 Cohort 2 intervention will take place from September-December 2026.
12.2 The research team will take candid pictures during the intervention that can be used for results dissemination. Any identifiable pictures with youth who do not have signed assent/consent forms will be immediately deleted.
Step 13: Follow-Up Assessment - Time 2 (T2)
13.1 PYT Cohort 2 participants will take the T2 assessment in December 2026. Surveys will be conducted virtually on participant cell phones. The research team will also print out multiple hard copies of the survey for participants who do not have access to a cell phone. Participants will sit at individual desks that are spaced so they cannot see each other's assessment answers to minimize confidentiality risks.
Who: Virtual surveys will be administered by the PI and research team. Where: T2 assessment will be completed at the research site - the PYT Boys \& Girls Club How Long: T2 assessment will take 20-30 minutes to complete. How/What data: T2 assessment data will be collected virtually through Qualtrics.
Duration: T2 assessment will be completed in December 2026.
Step 14: Participant interviews
10.1 PYT Cohort 2 Participants who received the NS intervention in Fall 2026 will be recruited to participate in the participant interviews based on their quantitative assessment scores. The research team will recruit participants who are interested in being interviewed. Each participant will complete an individual, 30-60-minute interview intended to identify personal impacts of participation in the NS program on self-esteem, resilience, cultural identity, and substance use.
Who: Interviews will be conducted by the research assistants who have received training in interview procedures.
Where: Interviews will be held in private rooms at the research site - the PYT Boys \& Girls Club How/What data: Interview data will be collected with a digital recorder. How Long: Each interview will last for 30-45 minutes Duration: Fall interviews will be completed in December 2026
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Wait-list controlled trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Native Spirit After-School ProgramThe intervention group will receive the intervention (Native Spirit after-school program). Each intervention session is based on an Indigenous cultural value and cultural activity/practice that is specific to the community. The intervention is 10, 1.5 hour sessions that occur once/week from January-May 2025. After the Crossover the Intervention group will engage in "usual programming" August-December 2025. |
| Wait-List Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Native Spirit After-School ProgramThe wait-list group will receive control or "usual" programming. Usual programming includes a life skills program that focuses on financial wellness for teens, called "Money Matters" (Usual Practice). Participants will learn valuable financial life skills. Control sessions will be facilitated by the research site partner (after-school program employees) who typically implement their usual programming. Control sessions will be held at the research site. Each control session will last for 60-90 minutes, once a week for 10 weeks taking place from August 2025 - December 2025 After the Crossover the wait-list group will receive the intervention January-March 2026 (Cohort 1) and September-December 2026 (Cohort 2). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 12 to 17 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- English-speaking
- Currently in grade 7-12 at time of enrollment
- Member of the Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC) OR member of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe (PYT)
- Engaged in after school programs.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Non-American Indians will be excluded from statistical analysis
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Native Spirit After-School ProgramAlso: Native SpiritNative Spirit is a culturally-grounded after-school program that is community-specific. The program is 10-sessions/weeks long and each session is 1.5-2 hours in duration. Each session is guided by a local cultural knowledge holder and is focused on a different cultural value and accompanying cultural practice. Native Spirit aims to promote self-esteem, cultural efficacy, awareness of cultural connectedness, and resilience while preventing and/or slow down the initiation of substance use. | Behavioural | Intervention Group, Wait-List Group |
Primary outcome
Past 30-Day Substance Use
Time frame: Baseline, Immediately Post-Invervention, 3 months follow-up post-intervention
Data collection will focus on recent, self-reproted (past 30-day) use frequency of alcohol, cigarettes/e- cigarettes, marijuana, and other hard drugs (crystal methamphetamine, cocaine, etc.). The survey will also include a qualifying question on lifetime use of the following substances in order to measure delay of onset of use (in the case that participants have never used any of the measured substances).
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Time frame: Baseline, Immediately Post-Invervention, 3 months follow-up post-intervention
Self-Reported measure of self-esteem using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. The is scored by totaling the individual 4-point items after reverse-scoring the negatively worded items with a minimum score of 10 and maximum score of 40. Higher scores indicate a better outcome (stronger sense of self-esteem).
Child and Youth Resilience Measure
Time frame: Baseline, Immediately Post-Invervention, 3 months follow-up post-intervention
Self-Reported measure of resilience using the Child and Youth Resilience Measure. The items within the measures can be directly summed to gain a total score of an individual's resilience. Responses are on a 5-point Likert scale (going from 1-5), the minimum score is 17 and the maximum score is 85. Higher scores indicate a better outcome (stronger sense of resilience).
Cultural Efficacy
Time frame: Baseline, Immediately Post-Invervention, 3 months follow-up post-intervention
Self-Reported measure of cultural efficacy. This is on a 5-point Likert scale with a minimum score of 8 and maximum score of 40. Higher scores indicate a better outcome (cultural efficacy).
Awareness of Connectedness Scale
Time frame: Baseline, Immediately Post-Invervention, 3 months follow-up post-intervention
Self-Reported measure of awareness of connectedness to culture using the Awareness of Connectedness Scale. This is a 3-point Likert scale with scores ranging from 12 to 36. Higher scores indicate a better outcome (stronger awareness of connectedness).
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Feb 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. This study includes data collection with two sovereign Native Nations in Arizona. Collected data and access to this data is ultimately under the discretion of the Tribal leadership, the departments involved, and the Office of the Attorney General.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Amanda Hunter, PhD principal investigator
Assistant Professor
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Native Spirit After-School Program in people with Substance Use and Self Esteem, run by Arizona State University at 2 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Amanda Hunter, PhD ((520) 300-1457, amanda.urbina@asu.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Past 30-Day Substance Use (time frame: Baseline, Immediately Post-Invervention, 3 months follow-up post-intervention). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Feb 2026.