Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)ReCognitionNCT06805578

Exploring and Evaluating the Impact of 'Refresh and Reconnect!'

A study testing Heritage art programme in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Ageing, run by Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School at 1 site in Singapore.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

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Trial summary

Dementia and mild cognitive impairment are a rising concern for the ageing population in Singapore, leading to diminished quality of life and health outcomes. Arts-based interventions in a museum setting have been shown to improve cognitive health and well-being for Persons with Cognitive Impairment (PWCIs), however… Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 21 years and older
Conditions the study is for: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Ageing, Mild Dementia
What is being tested?: Heritage art programme
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 108 participants
Where: 1 siteSingapore
Study dates: 1 Jan 2025to 1 Jun 2026
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 21 years and older
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

Fulfils the programme recruitment criteria and registers for the programme through National Museum of Singapore's collaborating partners; AND
Provides consent for participation in the study personally; AND
Willing and able to participate in interviews independently, without proxy; AND
Scores between 22 to 27 on the MoCA (or 22 to 26 for participants with less than 10 years of education; or 22 to 25 for participants who are unable to provide information on the number of years of formal education completed). These thresholds follow the recommendation of MoCA use in determining mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia in Singapore and draw from studies concerning mental capacity and consent for persons living with cognitive impairment

Who cannot join

Whose cognitive impairment status cannot be confirmed by the administered screener; OR
Do not give consent to participate in the study; OR
Scores below 22 on the MoCA, or above 27 (or 26 for participants with less than 10 years of education; or 25 for participants who are unable to provide information on the number of years of formal education completed)

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Singapore1 site

National Museum of Singapore
Singapore, 178897

Other trials in Singapore

About this study

Official title: Exploring and Evaluating the Impact of 'Refresh and Reconnect!': A Museum-based Heritage Programme for Older Persons With Cognitive Impairment

This mixed-methods study evaluates the 6-week "Refresh and Reconnect!" programme (R\&R!), a museum-based heritage programme including guided artist-led activities and tours of the National Museum of Singapore.

(i) In the quantitative study (n = 64-120 PWCIs, comprising with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia), assessments will be conducted at 2 time points (pre-programme, post-programme) to evaluate change in cognitive, social, and mental well-being.

ii) In the qualitative study, ethnographic observations of the R\&R! programme; ethnographic interviews with staff (n= max 3), \& artists (n= max 6); and in-depth interviews with PWCIs (n=16) will be used to elicit the underlying context-mechanisms-outcomes which enable R\&R! success. Programme volunteers will also be engaged through casual or informal conversations as part of the ethnographic observations.

The study will provide valuable insights for the development of effective, non-pharmacological interventions for PWCIs. The primary objectives of the study are to (a) compare the change (before and after programme participation) in the health and well-being of PWCIs participating in the programme, and (b) assess the change (before and after programme participation) in the perception of the museum, 'heritage' and learning among PWCIs participating in the programme. The secondary aims are to understand the factors, contexts, and mechanisms that influence the implementation of the museum-based intervention and its effects, including the place-based effects of the curated museum Reunion space for PWCIs.

Achieving the objectives will help answer the following research questions:

To what extent, and how does participation in the "Refresh and Reconnect!" programme impact health and well-being of PWCIs?
To what extent, and how does participation in the programme affect the study participants' understanding and perception of the museum as a potential place to enhance one's health and well-being? [Note: Study Participants include all who are participating in the study such as PWCIs and those who are implementing (e.g. museum staff), facilitating (e.g. artists) and assisting (e.g. volunteers) with the R\&R! Programme]
What are the contexts and mechanisms that influence the implementation of the programme?

These findings are of significant public health importance for Singapore, potentially informing policy decisions, resource allocation, and healthcare strategies to better support PWCIs, ultimately improving their quality of life. Findings of the study may also contribute to similar heritage-based programmes in future, contributing to the understanding of key elements of programme success, and for whom these programmes are effective for.

Conditions: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Ageing, Mild Dementia, Well-being
Being tested: Heritage art programme
Keywords: Social Prescription, Heritage, Museum, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Mild Dementia, Person with cognitive impairment, Artist
Medical subject headings: Cognitive Dysfunction

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Heritage art programmeOther
Also called "Refresh and Reconnect!"
The 6-week 'Refresh and Reconnect!' programme includes guided gallery tours led by the museum's Care Facilitator volunteers and artist-led hands-on activities based on various art forms (e.g. artist-led dance, art, or drama workshops).

Study groups in NCT06805578
Study group	Role	What they receive
Intervention Group	Experimental	Persons with cognitive impairment will undergo a 6-week heritage-based intervention programme conducted by the National Museum of Singapore, which includes guided gallery tours led by the museum's Care Facilitator volunteers and artist-led hands-on activities based on various art forms. Receives: Other: Heritage art programme

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Change from baseline in Quality of life at the end of the 6-week intervention
Quality of life (QoL) will be assessed using the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure-11-SG (CASP-11-SG) scale. CASP-11-SG has been validated in Singapore. It has 11 items covering two domains: Control-Autonomy, and Self-realization-Pleasure (Table 1). Items are scored on a four-point response scale [Often (score = 3), Sometimes, Not Often, Never (score = 0)] based on how often the participant feels the way described in the item. Negatively worded items are reverse-coded. A higher total score (range: 0-33) indicates higher QoL. Control-Autonomy subscale (range: 0-18) and Self-realization-Pleasure subscale (range: 0-15) scores are also calculated.
Measured: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Change from baseline in Health-related Quality of life at the end of the 6-week intervention
Health-related Quality of life (HRQoL) will be assessed using the EuroQol- 5 Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire. The EQ-5D comprises five questions on mobility, self-care, pain, usual activities, and psychological status with five possible answers for each item (1=no problem, 2=slight problem, 3=moderate problem, 4=severe problem, 5=unable to do). Overall, a total score of 5 indicates the best health state, whereas higher scores indicate more severe or frequent problems. In addition, there is a visual analogue of the scale to indicate general health status, with a score of 100 indicating the best health status.
Measured: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Change from baseline in depression at the end of the 6-week intervention
Depression will be assessed using the CES-D-11 (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale - 11 item version). It is a self-reported rating scale of 11 items on a 3-point Likert scale (range 0-2), with response options for "None/Rarely" (0), "Sometimes" (1), and "Often" (2) based on experiences over the past week. The total score is the sum of the 11 items, ranging from 0 to 22. Reverse Scoring: Positively worded items (e.g., "I felt happy," "I enjoyed life") are reverse scored before summing the total score. For these items, the scoring is: Often (0), Sometimes (1), None/Rarely (2).
Scores of ≥9 indicate significant depressive symptoms, 5-8 suggest borderline depressive symptoms, and 0-4 fall within the normal range.
Measured: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Change from baseline in anxiety at the end of the 6-week intervention
Anxiety will be assessed using the GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) Scale. It is a self-reported rating scale consisting of 7 items on a 4-point Likert scale (range 0-3), with response options for "Not at all" (0), "Several days" (1), "More than half the days" (2), and "Nearly every day" (3), based on experiences over the past two weeks. The total score is the sum of the 7 items, ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety severity.
Interpretation: Scores of 0-4 indicate minimal anxiety, 5-9 mild anxiety, 10-14 moderate anxiety, and 15-21 severe anxiety. A total score of ≥10 is typically used as the threshold for identifying probable generalized anxiety disorder.
Measured: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Change from baseline in loneliness at the end of the 6-week intervention
Loneliness will be assessed using The Three-Item Loneliness Scale. Each item of the scale has a five-point Likert response option: "Always" (scored as 4) "Fairly Often" (3), "Occasionally" (2), "Rarely" (1), and "Never" (scored as 0). The scores for each individual question can be added together to give a possible range of scores from 0 to 12. Higher scores indicate greater degrees of loneliness.
Measured: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Change from baseline in social isolation at the end of the 6-week intervention
Lubbens Social Network Scale 6-item (LSNS-6) is a social engagement scale that consists of six items. The score for each item ranges from 0 to 5, with 0 indicating none and 5 indicating nine or more. The total score is calculated by finding the sum of all items, and ranges from 0 to 30. A higher score indicates more social engagement.
Measured: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Change from baseline in ageing perceptions at the end of the 6-week intervention
The Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire (Brief-APQ) measure comprise Likert scale items that represent seven ageing perception domains. Participants rate their agreement with a series of statements - for example "I am always aware of my age" or "As I get older I can take part in fewer activities" with a five-point response scale with the options: Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neither Agree nor Disagree, Agree, Strongly Agree.
Measured: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Change from baseline in motivations to learn at the end of the 6-week intervention
Motivations to learn will be assessed using the Readiness-to-learn Scale from the background questionnaire of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). This scale assesses participants' motivations to learn, and the learning strategies they adopt to solve challenges in learning. The response categories for this item range from not at all (1), to a very high extent (5).
Measured: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Change from baseline in Montreal Cognitive Assessment score at the end of the 6-week intervention
Cognitive performance will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive assessment (MoCA). MoCA assessment parameters are visuospatial/ executive, naming ability, vigilance, verbal fluency, delayed recall, and abstractions. The maximum MoCA score is 30 points. MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) is indicated by a score of less than 27 for those with 10 or more years of education or a score of less than 26 for those with less than 10 years of education (following the recommendation of MoCA use in Singapore).
Measured: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks

Secondary outcomes (1)

Changes to subjective well-being after each session of the 6-week intervention
Museum-based subjective well-being will be assessed by University College London (UCL) Museum Wellbeing Measures toolkit. The toolkit includes a 12-item Generic Wellbeing Questionnaire (GWQ) and Positive Wellbeing Measures Umbrella, designed specifically for museum projects. The GWQ uses statements that refer to an emotion or life quality that participants might have experienced during the museum activity, such as 'I felt confident'. These are rated from 1 ('None of the time') to 5 ('All of the time'). The Positive Wellbeing Umbrella consist of a hexagonal shape with six sections of different colours. Each of the six sections has a word next to it related to a wellbeing mood or emotion and responses are ranged from one (I don't feel) to five (I feel extremely). Participants are required to rate the extent they feel the wellbeing word at that moment in time by circling the appropriate number.
Measured: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

1 Jan 20251 Jun 2026

First posted3 Feb 2025
Study start1 Jan 2025
Primary completion20 May 2026
Study completion1 Jun 2026

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Publications (35)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Supportive care
Allocation: Not applicable
Intervention model: Single group
Model description: This is an exploratory study that adopts a quasi-experimental (single-arm, before-after) and mixed-methods quantitative and qualitative design.
Masking: None (open label)
Enrolment: 108 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06805578
Sponsor's protocol ID: NUS-IRB-2024-259
Acronym: ReCognition
Status last verified: Jun 2026
First submitted: 28 Jan 2025
Last updated: 15 Jun 2026
Results posted: No
Data monitoring committee: No
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: No: The investigator team will decide on sharing of individual participant data on a case-to-case basis, when such requests are made.

Publications

Zietlow KE, Oyeyemi DM, Cook SE, Hardy M, McDonald SR, Lagoo-Deenadayalan S, Heflin MT, Whitson HE. RESEARCHCognition and Capacity to Consent for Elective Surgery. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 Nov;68(11):2694-2696. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16786. Epub 2020 Aug 17. No abstract available.
PubMed 33460037
Yang M, Samper-Ternent R, Volpi E, Green AN, Lichtenstein M, Araujo K, Borek P, Charpentier P, Dziura J, Gill TM, Galloway R, Greene EJ, Lenoir K, Peduzzi P, Meng C, Reese J, Shelton A, Skokos EA, Summapund J, Unger E, Reuben DB, Williamson JD, Stevens AB. The dementia care study (D-CARE): Recruitment strategies and demographic characteristics of participants in a pragmatic randomized trial of dementia care. Alzheimers Dement. 2024 Apr;20(4):2575-2588. doi: 10.1002/alz.13698. Epub 2024 Feb 15.
PubMed 38358084
Wu CY, Hung SJ, Lin KC, Chen KH, Chen P, Tsay PK. Responsiveness, Minimal Clinically Important Difference, and Validity of the MoCA in Stroke Rehabilitation. Occup Ther Int. 2019 Apr 14;2019:2517658. doi: 10.1155/2019/2517658. eCollection 2019.
PubMed 31097928
Wu VX, Chi Y, Lee JK, Goh HS, Chen DYM, Haugan G, Chao FFT, Klainin-Yobas P. The effect of dance interventions on cognition, neuroplasticity, physical function, depression, and quality of life for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Oct;122:104025. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104025. Epub 2021 Jun 30.
PubMed 34298320
Veretennikoff K, Walker D, Biggs V, Robinson G. Changes in Cognition and Decision Making Capacity Following Brain Tumour Resection: Illustrated with Two Cases. Brain Sci. 2017 Sep 24;7(10):122. doi: 10.3390/brainsci7100122.
PubMed 28946652
Teri L, Truax P, Logsdon R, Uomoto J, Zarit S, Vitaliano PP. Assessment of behavioral problems in dementia: the revised memory and behavior problems checklist. Psychol Aging. 1992 Dec;7(4):622-31. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.7.4.622.
PubMed 1466831
Tan SY, Lew KJ, Xie Y, Lee PSS, Koh HL, Ding YY, Lee ES. Healthcare cost of patients with multiple chronic diseases in Singapore public primary care setting. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2021 Nov;50(11):809-817. doi: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021246.
PubMed 34877584
Tan LT, Ostbye T, Visaria A, Malhotra R. Derivation, and establishment of the validity and reliability, of the CASP-11-SG quality of life scale among community-dwelling older adults. Qual Life Res. 2023 Jan;32(1):295-306. doi: 10.1007/s11136-022-03238-4. Epub 2022 Sep 6.
PubMed 36068420
Subramaniam M, Chong SA, Vaingankar JA, Abdin E, Chua BY, Chua HC, Eng GK, Heng D, Hia SB, Huang W, Jeyagurunathana A, Kua J, Lee SP, Mahendran R, Magadi H, Malladi S, McCrone P, Pang S, Picco L, Sagayadevan V, Sambasivam R, Seng KH, Seow E, Shafie S, Shahwan S, Tan LL, Yap M, Zhang Y, Ng LL, Prince M. Prevalence of Dementia in People Aged 60 Years and Above: Results from the WiSE Study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;45(4):1127-38. doi: 10.3233/JAD-142769.
PubMed 25672767
Siow JYM, Chan A, Ostbye T, Cheng GH, Malhotra R. Validity and Reliability of the Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) Scale and Development of Its Shorter Version (S-PAC) Among Family Caregivers of Older Adults. Gerontologist. 2017 Aug 1;57(4):e75-e84. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnw198.
PubMed 28082275
Reschke-Hernandez AE, Gfeller K, Oleson J, Tranel D. Music Therapy Increases Social and Emotional Well-Being in Persons With Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Crossover Trial Comparing Singing to Verbal Discussion. J Music Ther. 2023 Oct 7;60(3):314-342. doi: 10.1093/jmt/thad015.
PubMed 37220880
Poulos RG, Marwood S, Harkin D, Opher S, Clift S, Cole AMD, Rhee J, Beilharz K, Poulos CJ. Arts on prescription for community-dwelling older people with a range of health and wellness needs. Health Soc Care Community. 2019 Mar;27(2):483-492. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12669. Epub 2018 Oct 21.
PubMed 30345578
Peters S, Lohse KR, Klassen TD, Liu-Ambrose T, Dukelow SP, Bayley MT, Hill MD, Pooyania S, Yao J, Eng JJ. Higher intensity walking improves global cognition during inpatient rehabilitation: a secondary analysis of a randomized control trial. Front Neurol. 2023 Jun 9;14:1023488. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1023488. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 37360352
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
Ng A, Chew I, Narasimhalu K, Kandiah N. Effectiveness of Montreal Cognitive Assessment for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease in Singapore. Singapore Med J. 2013 Nov;54(11):616-9. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2013220.
PubMed 24276096

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

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Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Exploring and Evaluating the Impact of 'Refresh and Reconnect!': A Museum-based Heritage Programme for Older Persons With Cognitive Impairment
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06805578
Acronym / sponsor ID: ReCognition / NUS-IRB-2024-259
Conditions: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Ageing, Mild Dementia, Well-being
Keywords: Social Prescription, Heritage, Museum, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Mild Dementia, Person with cognitive impairment, Artist
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 108 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Duke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolUniversity, hospital or other
Collaborators: National Museum of Singapore, National Heritage Board, Singapore
Study start: 1 Jan 2025 (actual)
Primary completion: 20 May 2026 (actual)
Study completion: 1 Jun 2026 (actual)
First posted: 3 Feb 2025 (actual)
Results: Not posted in the source record

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Achieving the objectives will help answer the following research questions:

To what extent, and how does participation in the "Refresh and Reconnect!" programme impact health and well-being of PWCIs?
To what extent, and how does participation in the programme affect the study participants' understanding and perception of the museum as a potential place to enhance one's health and well-being? [Note: Study Participants include all who are participating in the study such as PWCIs and those who are implementing (e.g. museum staff), facilitating (e.g. artists) and assisting (e.g. volunteers) with the R\&R! Programme]
What are the contexts and mechanisms that influence the implementation of the programme?

Study design

Primary purpose: Supportive care
Allocation: Not applicable
Intervention model: Single group
Masking: None (open label)
Number of arms: 1
Model description: This is an exploratory study that adopts a quasi-experimental (single-arm, before-after) and mixed-methods quantitative and qualitative design.

Arm	Type	Receives
Intervention Group	Experimental	Other: Heritage art programmePersons with cognitive impairment will undergo a 6-week heritage-based intervention programme conducted by the National Museum of Singapore, which includes guided gallery tours led by the museum's Care Facilitator volunteers and artist-led hands-on activities based on various art forms.

Who may qualify

Ages: 21 years and older
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult, Older adult

Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)

Fulfils the programme recruitment criteria and registers for the programme through National Museum of Singapore's collaborating partners; AND
Provides consent for participation in the study personally; AND
Willing and able to participate in interviews independently, without proxy; AND
Scores between 22 to 27 on the MoCA (or 22 to 26 for participants with less than 10 years of education; or 22 to 25 for participants who are unable to provide information on the number of years of formal education completed). These thresholds follow the recommendation of MoCA use in determining mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia in Singapore and draw from studies concerning mental capacity and consent for persons living with cognitive impairment

Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)

Whose cognitive impairment status cannot be confirmed by the administered screener; OR
Do not give consent to participate in the study; OR
Scores below 22 on the MoCA, or above 27 (or 26 for participants with less than 10 years of education; or 25 for participants who are unable to provide information on the number of years of formal education completed)

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Heritage art programmeAlso: "Refresh and Reconnect!"The 6-week 'Refresh and Reconnect!' programme includes guided gallery tours led by the museum's Care Facilitator volunteers and artist-led hands-on activities based on various art forms (e.g. artist-led dance, art, or drama workshops).	Other	Intervention Group

Primary outcome

Change from baseline in Quality of life at the end of the 6-week intervention
Time frame: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Quality of life (QoL) will be assessed using the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure-11-SG (CASP-11-SG) scale. CASP-11-SG has been validated in Singapore. It has 11 items covering two domains: Control-Autonomy, and Self-realization-Pleasure (Table 1). Items are scored on a four-point response scale [Often (score = 3), Sometimes, Not Often, Never (score = 0)] based on how often the participant feels the way described in the item. Negatively worded items are reverse-coded. A higher total score (range: 0-33) indicates higher QoL. Control-Autonomy subscale (range: 0-18) and Self-realization-Pleasure subscale (range: 0-15) scores are also calculated.
Change from baseline in Health-related Quality of life at the end of the 6-week intervention
Time frame: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Health-related Quality of life (HRQoL) will be assessed using the EuroQol- 5 Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire. The EQ-5D comprises five questions on mobility, self-care, pain, usual activities, and psychological status with five possible answers for each item (1=no problem, 2=slight problem, 3=moderate problem, 4=severe problem, 5=unable to do). Overall, a total score of 5 indicates the best health state, whereas higher scores indicate more severe or frequent problems. In addition, there is a visual analogue of the scale to indicate general health status, with a score of 100 indicating the best health status.
Change from baseline in depression at the end of the 6-week intervention
Time frame: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Depression will be assessed using the CES-D-11 (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale - 11 item version). It is a self-reported rating scale of 11 items on a 3-point Likert scale (range 0-2), with response options for "None/Rarely" (0), "Sometimes" (1), and "Often" (2) based on experiences over the past week. The total score is the sum of the 11 items, ranging from 0 to 22. Reverse Scoring: Positively worded items (e.g., "I felt happy," "I enjoyed life") are reverse scored before summing the total score. For these items, the scoring is: Often (0), Sometimes (1), None/Rarely (2). Scores of ≥9 indicate significant depressive symptoms, 5-8 suggest borderline depressive symptoms, and 0-4 fall within the normal range.
Change from baseline in anxiety at the end of the 6-week intervention
Time frame: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Anxiety will be assessed using the GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) Scale. It is a self-reported rating scale consisting of 7 items on a 4-point Likert scale (range 0-3), with response options for "Not at all" (0), "Several days" (1), "More than half the days" (2), and "Nearly every day" (3), based on experiences over the past two weeks. The total score is the sum of the 7 items, ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety severity. Interpretation: Scores of 0-4 indicate minimal anxiety, 5-9 mild anxiety, 10-14 moderate anxiety, and 15-21 severe anxiety. A total score of ≥10 is typically used as the threshold for identifying probable generalized anxiety disorder.
Change from baseline in loneliness at the end of the 6-week intervention
Time frame: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Loneliness will be assessed using The Three-Item Loneliness Scale. Each item of the scale has a five-point Likert response option: "Always" (scored as 4) "Fairly Often" (3), "Occasionally" (2), "Rarely" (1), and "Never" (scored as 0). The scores for each individual question can be added together to give a possible range of scores from 0 to 12. Higher scores indicate greater degrees of loneliness.
Change from baseline in social isolation at the end of the 6-week intervention
Time frame: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Lubbens Social Network Scale 6-item (LSNS-6) is a social engagement scale that consists of six items. The score for each item ranges from 0 to 5, with 0 indicating none and 5 indicating nine or more. The total score is calculated by finding the sum of all items, and ranges from 0 to 30. A higher score indicates more social engagement.
Change from baseline in ageing perceptions at the end of the 6-week intervention
Time frame: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
The Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire (Brief-APQ) measure comprise Likert scale items that represent seven ageing perception domains. Participants rate their agreement with a series of statements - for example "I am always aware of my age" or "As I get older I can take part in fewer activities" with a five-point response scale with the options: Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neither Agree nor Disagree, Agree, Strongly Agree.
Change from baseline in motivations to learn at the end of the 6-week intervention
Time frame: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Motivations to learn will be assessed using the Readiness-to-learn Scale from the background questionnaire of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). This scale assesses participants' motivations to learn, and the learning strategies they adopt to solve challenges in learning. The response categories for this item range from not at all (1), to a very high extent (5).
Change from baseline in Montreal Cognitive Assessment score at the end of the 6-week intervention
Time frame: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks
Cognitive performance will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive assessment (MoCA). MoCA assessment parameters are visuospatial/ executive, naming ability, vigilance, verbal fluency, delayed recall, and abstractions. The maximum MoCA score is 30 points. MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) is indicated by a score of less than 27 for those with 10 or more years of education or a score of less than 26 for those with less than 10 years of education (following the recommendation of MoCA use in Singapore).

1 secondary outcome

Changes to subjective well-being after each session of the 6-week intervention
Time frame: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks

Results and safety

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Jun 2026.
Background: PubMed 33460037Zietlow KE, Oyeyemi DM, Cook SE, Hardy M, McDonald SR, Lagoo-Deenadayalan S, Heflin MT, Whitson HE. RESEARCHCognition and Capacity to Consent for Elective Surgery. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 Nov;68(11):2694-2696. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16786. Epub 2020 Aug 17. No abstract available.
Background: PubMed 38358084Yang M, Samper-Ternent R, Volpi E, Green AN, Lichtenstein M, Araujo K, Borek P, Charpentier P, Dziura J, Gill TM, Galloway R, Greene EJ, Lenoir K, Peduzzi P, Meng C, Reese J, Shelton A, Skokos EA, Summapund J, Unger E, Reuben DB, Williamson JD, Stevens AB. The dementia care study (D-CARE): Recruitment strategies and demographic characteristics of participants in a pragmatic randomized trial of dementia care. Alzheimers Dement. 2024 Apr;20(4):2575-2588. doi: 10.1002/alz.13698. Epub 2024 Feb 15.
Background: PubMed 31097928Wu CY, Hung SJ, Lin KC, Chen KH, Chen P, Tsay PK. Responsiveness, Minimal Clinically Important Difference, and Validity of the MoCA in Stroke Rehabilitation. Occup Ther Int. 2019 Apr 14;2019:2517658. doi: 10.1155/2019/2517658. eCollection 2019.
Background: PubMed 34298320Wu VX, Chi Y, Lee JK, Goh HS, Chen DYM, Haugan G, Chao FFT, Klainin-Yobas P. The effect of dance interventions on cognition, neuroplasticity, physical function, depression, and quality of life for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Oct;122:104025. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104025. Epub 2021 Jun 30.
Background: PubMed 28946652Veretennikoff K, Walker D, Biggs V, Robinson G. Changes in Cognition and Decision Making Capacity Following Brain Tumour Resection: Illustrated with Two Cases. Brain Sci. 2017 Sep 24;7(10):122. doi: 10.3390/brainsci7100122.
Background: PubMed 1466831Teri L, Truax P, Logsdon R, Uomoto J, Zarit S, Vitaliano PP. Assessment of behavioral problems in dementia: the revised memory and behavior problems checklist. Psychol Aging. 1992 Dec;7(4):622-31. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.7.4.622.
Background: PubMed 34877584Tan SY, Lew KJ, Xie Y, Lee PSS, Koh HL, Ding YY, Lee ES. Healthcare cost of patients with multiple chronic diseases in Singapore public primary care setting. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2021 Nov;50(11):809-817. doi: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021246.
Background: PubMed 36068420Tan LT, Ostbye T, Visaria A, Malhotra R. Derivation, and establishment of the validity and reliability, of the CASP-11-SG quality of life scale among community-dwelling older adults. Qual Life Res. 2023 Jan;32(1):295-306. doi: 10.1007/s11136-022-03238-4. Epub 2022 Sep 6.
Background: PubMed 25672767Subramaniam M, Chong SA, Vaingankar JA, Abdin E, Chua BY, Chua HC, Eng GK, Heng D, Hia SB, Huang W, Jeyagurunathana A, Kua J, Lee SP, Mahendran R, Magadi H, Malladi S, McCrone P, Pang S, Picco L, Sagayadevan V, Sambasivam R, Seng KH, Seow E, Shafie S, Shahwan S, Tan LL, Yap M, Zhang Y, Ng LL, Prince M. Prevalence of Dementia in People Aged 60 Years and Above: Results from the WiSE Study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;45(4):1127-38. doi: 10.3233/JAD-142769.
Background: PubMed 28082275Siow JYM, Chan A, Ostbye T, Cheng GH, Malhotra R. Validity and Reliability of the Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) Scale and Development of Its Shorter Version (S-PAC) Among Family Caregivers of Older Adults. Gerontologist. 2017 Aug 1;57(4):e75-e84. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnw198.
Background: PubMed 37220880Reschke-Hernandez AE, Gfeller K, Oleson J, Tranel D. Music Therapy Increases Social and Emotional Well-Being in Persons With Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Crossover Trial Comparing Singing to Verbal Discussion. J Music Ther. 2023 Oct 7;60(3):314-342. doi: 10.1093/jmt/thad015.
Background: PubMed 30345578Poulos RG, Marwood S, Harkin D, Opher S, Clift S, Cole AMD, Rhee J, Beilharz K, Poulos CJ. Arts on prescription for community-dwelling older people with a range of health and wellness needs. Health Soc Care Community. 2019 Mar;27(2):483-492. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12669. Epub 2018 Oct 21.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. The investigator team will decide on sharing of individual participant data on a case-to-case basis, when such requests are made.

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Rahul Malhotra, MD, MPH principal investigator

Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School

Ad Maulod, PhD, MSc principal investigator

Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Heritage art programme in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Ageing, run by Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School at 1 site in Singapore.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Singapore. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change from baseline in Quality of life at the end of the 6-week intervention (time frame: From enrolment to the end of intervention at 6 weeks). The study lists 9 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06805578, which also lists 35 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Jun 2026.