HealthyNCT06818032
Avocado and Postprandial Responses
A study testing Avocado and Fat and fiber addition in people with Healthy and Healthy Volunteer, run by University of Vermont Medical Center at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to see how adding avocado to a breakfast meal affects blood sugar control and signals of hunger and fullness after eating. The investigators will test the effects of 3 breakfast meals on blood sugar control and signals of hunger and fullness after eating: 1. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy, Healthy Volunteer, Healthy Volunteers
- What is being tested?
- Avocado and Fat and fiber addition
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 24 Mar 2025to 26 Mar 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Biological sex males or females
- Age 21 to 65 years
- BMI between 18.5 and 34.9 kg/m2
Who cannot join
- Actively pregnant or lactating women
- Diagnosis of prediabetes or diabetes (fasting glucose >100 mg/dL)
- Current diagnosis of uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP: >160 mmHg, diastolic BP: >95 mmHg), may receive treatment for hypertension as long as on a stable regimen for the previous one month
- Current diagnosis of uncontrolled hyperlipidemia (fasting total blood cholesterol >200 mg/dL, fasting triglycerides >200 mg/dL), may receive treatment for hyperlipidemia as long as on a stable regimen for the previous one month
- Presence of kidney disease, liver disease, hyperthyroidism, untreated or unstable hypothyroidism, certain cancers, gastrointestinal disease, pancreatic disease, other chronic metabolic diseases or malabsorption syndromes, HIV, or inflammatory conditions (such as arthritis, asthma, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, gout, Lupus)
- History of bariatric or certain other surgeries related to weight control
Show all 16Show fewer
- Any medication used to lower blood glucose/antidiabetic medications [including, but not limited to metformin, sulfonylureas, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGL2) inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitors] as well as medications affecting weight, appetite/hunger or gut motility.
- Smoking or use of other tobacco products (during 6 months prior to the start of the study)
- Antibiotic use during the intervention or for 3 weeks prior to any treatment period
- History of eating disorders or other significant food preferences that would interfere with the diet intervention (e.g., vegan lifestyle, very low-fat diets, high-protein diets)
- Allergies or adverse reactions to study foods (e.g., gluten intolerance), or food aversions that would interfere with diet adherence
- Body weight loss of >10% within the last 6 months prior to study start
- Unable or unwilling to give informed consent or communicate with study staff
- Self-report of alcohol or substance abuse within the past 12 months and/or current acute treatment or rehabilitation program for these problems (long-term participation in Alcoholics Anonymous is not an exclusion)
- Other medical, psychiatric, or behavioral factors that in the judgment of the Principal Investigator may interfere with study participation or the ability to follow the intervention protocol
- Undergoing hormonal therapy of any kind, with the exception of a stable regime for the prior 6 months to study start.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont Medical Center
Burlington, Vermont, 05405
About this study
Official title: Acute Avocado Consumption on Postprandial Glycemic and Appetite/Satiety Responses
The purpose of this study is to see how adding avocado to a breakfast meal affects blood sugar control and signals of hunger and fullness after eating.
The investigators will test the effects of 3 breakfast meals on blood sugar control and signals of hunger and fullness after eating:
Read more
- Whole-wheat bread and strawberry jam
- Whole-wheat bread, strawberry jam, and avocado
- Whole-wheat bread and strawberry jam (meal enriched with fat and fiber to mimic that of an avocado)
Participants will undergo 3 test periods, each separated by a week. Each test period consists of one day with set meals that the investigators will provide (breakfast, lunch, and dinner), and then the next morning, participants will eat a breakfast meal and have blood drawn several times over 4 hours.
- Conditions
- Healthy, Healthy Volunteer, Healthy Volunteers, Healthy Adult, Healthy Male and Female Subjects, Healthy Subjects
- Being tested
- Negative control, Avocado, Fat and fiber addition
- Keywords
- Persea Americana, blood glucose, blood insulin, adiponectin, leptin, GLP-1, appetite, satiety, glucose tolerance, GIP, ghrelin, Peptide YY (PYY), glucose metabolism, dietary fats, meal challenge, meal tolerance test, dietary fiber, glycemia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Negative controlOther
Participants will be given a breakfast meal with 76 grams of bread and 60 grams of jam per 2000 daily calories.
AvocadoOther
Participants will be given a bread and jam breakfast (76 grams of bread and 60 grams of jam per 2000 daily calories) supplemented with 84 grams of avocado per 2000 daily calories.
Fat and fiber additionOther
Participants will be given a bread and jam breakfast (76 grams of bread and 60 grams of jam per 2000 daily calories) supplemented with 13 grams of fat (mix of high-oleic safflower oil, safflower oil, palm oil, and macadamia nut oil) and 5.5 grams of fiber (mix of cellulose and pectin) per 2000 daily calories.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Negative control breakfast | Other | Participants will receive a breakfast with bread and jam, no avocado. Receives: Other: Negative control |
| Avocado addition breakfast | Experimental | Participants will receive a breakfast with bread, jam, and avocado. Receives: Other: Avocado |
| Fat and fiber control breakfast | Active comparator | Participants will receive a breakfast with bread and jam, no avocado. The breakfast meal will be enriched with fat and fiber to mimic that of an avocado. Receives: Other: Fat and fiber addition |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Diet-induced changes in postprandial glucose tolerance
Blood glucose and insulin concentrations will be measured.
Measured: 60-minute time point, 120-minute time point, incremental area under the curve from fasting to 180-minute time point
Secondary outcomes (1)
Diet-induced changes in postprandial satiety hormones
Blood ghrelin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), leptin, and adiponectin concentrations will be measured.
Measured: 60-minute time point, 120-minute time point, incremental area under the curve from fasting to 180-minute time point
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Feb 2025
- Study start24 Mar 2025
- Primary completion26 Mar 2026
- Study completion26 Mar 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (21)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Vermont Medical Center
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Avocado Nutrition Center
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Jana Kraft, University of Vermont Medical Center
- Investigators
- Jana Kraft, Ph.D., Principal investigator, University of Vermont
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06818032
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- STUDY00003379
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 4 Feb 2025
- Last updated
- 22 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
https://hassavocadoboard.com/happenings/2023-year-in-review/.
Zhu L, Huang Y, Edirisinghe I, Park E, Burton-Freeman B. Using the Avocado to Test the Satiety Effects of a Fat-Fiber Combination in Place of Carbohydrate Energy in a Breakfast Meal in Overweight and Obese Men and Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2019 Apr 26;11(5):952. doi: 10.3390/nu11050952.
PubMed 31035472Wright J. Effect of high-carbohydrate versus high-monounsaturated fatty acid diet on metabolic control in diabetes and hyperglycemic patients. Clin Nutr. 1998 Sep;17 Suppl 2:35-45. doi: 10.1016/s0261-5614(98)80016-2. No abstract available.
PubMed 10205358U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th Edition.
Sanchez D, Miguel M, Aleixandre A. Dietary fiber, gut peptides, and adipocytokines. J Med Food. 2012 Mar;15(3):223-30. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0072. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
PubMed 22181071Rocca AS, LaGreca J, Kalitsky J, Brubaker PL. Monounsaturated fatty acid diets improve glycemic tolerance through increased secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1. Endocrinology. 2001 Mar;142(3):1148-55. doi: 10.1210/endo.142.3.8034.
PubMed 11181530Qian F, Korat AA, Malik V, Hu FB. Metabolic Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Diets Compared With Carbohydrate or Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Diets in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Care. 2016 Aug;39(8):1448-57. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0513.
PubMed 27457635Pedreschi R, Uarrota V, Fuentealba C, Alvaro JE, Olmedo P, Defilippi BG, Meneses C, Campos-Vargas R. Primary Metabolism in Avocado Fruit. Front Plant Sci. 2019 Jun 26;10:795. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00795. eCollection 2019.
PubMed 31293606Park E, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman B. Avocado Fruit on Postprandial Markers of Cardio-Metabolic Risk: A Randomized Controlled Dose Response Trial in Overweight and Obese Men and Women. Nutrients. 2018 Sep 12;10(9):1287. doi: 10.3390/nu10091287.
PubMed 30213052Nansel TR, Lipsky LM, Liu A. Greater diet quality is associated with more optimal glycemic control in a longitudinal study of youth with type 1 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Jul;104(1):81-7. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.126136. Epub 2016 May 18.
PubMed 27194309Muller M, Canfora EE, Blaak EE. Gastrointestinal Transit Time, Glucose Homeostasis and Metabolic Health: Modulation by Dietary Fibers. Nutrients. 2018 Feb 28;10(3):275. doi: 10.3390/nu10030275.
PubMed 29495569Levitan EB, Song Y, Ford ES, Liu S. Is nondiabetic hyperglycemia a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Oct 25;164(19):2147-55. doi: 10.1001/archinte.164.19.2147.
PubMed 15505129Livesey G, Taylor R, Livesey HF, Buyken AE, Jenkins DJA, Augustin LSA, Sievenpiper JL, Barclay AW, Liu S, Wolever TMS, Willett WC, Brighenti F, Salas-Salvado J, Bjorck I, Rizkalla SW, Riccardi G, Vecchia C, Ceriello A, Trichopoulou A, Poli A, Astrup A, Kendall CWC, Ha MA, Baer-Sinnott S, Brand-Miller JC. Dietary Glycemic Index and Load and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Assessment of Causal Relations. Nutrients. 2019 Jun 25;11(6):1436. doi: 10.3390/nu11061436.
PubMed 31242690Ingram DK, Roth GS. Glycolytic inhibition: an effective strategy for developing calorie restriction mimetics. Geroscience. 2021 Jun;43(3):1159-1169. doi: 10.1007/s11357-020-00298-7. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
PubMed 33184758Giuntini EB, Sarda FAH, de Menezes EW. The Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Glycemic Response: An Overview and Futures Perspectives. Foods. 2022 Dec 6;11(23):3934. doi: 10.3390/foods11233934.
PubMed 36496742
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Acute Avocado Consumption on Postprandial Glycemic and Appetite/Satiety Responses
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06818032
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- STUDY00003379
- Conditions
- Healthy, Healthy Volunteer, Healthy Volunteers, Healthy Adult, Healthy Male and Female Subjects, Healthy Subjects
- Keywords
- Persea Americana, blood glucose, blood insulin, adiponectin, leptin, GLP-1, appetite, satiety
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Vermont Medical CenterUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Avocado Nutrition Center
- Study start
- 24 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 26 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 26 Mar 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to see how adding avocado to a breakfast meal affects blood sugar control and signals of hunger and fullness after eating.
The investigators will test the effects of 3 breakfast meals on blood sugar control and signals of hunger and fullness after eating:
- Whole-wheat bread and strawberry jam
- Whole-wheat bread, strawberry jam, and avocado
- Whole-wheat bread and strawberry jam (meal enriched with fat and fiber to mimic that of an avocado)
Participants will undergo 3 test periods, each separated by a week. Each test period consists of one day with set meals that the investigators will provide (breakfast, lunch, and dinner), and then the next morning, participants will eat a breakfast meal and have blood drawn several times over 4 hours.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Negative control breakfast | Other | Other: Negative controlParticipants will receive a breakfast with bread and jam, no avocado. |
| Avocado addition breakfast | Experimental | Other: AvocadoParticipants will receive a breakfast with bread, jam, and avocado. |
| Fat and fiber control breakfast | Active comparator | Other: Fat and fiber additionParticipants will receive a breakfast with bread and jam, no avocado. The breakfast meal will be enriched with fat and fiber to mimic that of an avocado. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Biological sex males or females
- Age 21 to 65 years
- BMI between 18.5 and 34.9 kg/m2
Key exclusion criteria (16 listed)
- Actively pregnant or lactating women
- Diagnosis of prediabetes or diabetes (fasting glucose >100 mg/dL)
- Current diagnosis of uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP: >160 mmHg, diastolic BP: >95 mmHg), may receive treatment for hypertension as long as on a stable regimen for the previous one month
- Current diagnosis of uncontrolled hyperlipidemia (fasting total blood cholesterol >200 mg/dL, fasting triglycerides >200 mg/dL), may receive treatment for hyperlipidemia as long as on a stable regimen for the previous one month
- Presence of kidney disease, liver disease, hyperthyroidism, untreated or unstable hypothyroidism, certain cancers, gastrointestinal disease, pancreatic disease, other chronic metabolic diseases or malabsorption syndromes, HIV, or inflammatory conditions (such as arthritis, asthma, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, gout, Lupus)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Negative controlParticipants will be given a breakfast meal with 76 grams of bread and 60 grams of jam per 2000 daily calories. | Other | Negative control breakfast |
| AvocadoParticipants will be given a bread and jam breakfast (76 grams of bread and 60 grams of jam per 2000 daily calories) supplemented with 84 grams of avocado per 2000 daily calories. | Other | Avocado addition breakfast |
| Fat and fiber additionParticipants will be given a bread and jam breakfast (76 grams of bread and 60 grams of jam per 2000 daily calories) supplemented with 13 grams of fat (mix of high-oleic safflower oil, safflower oil, palm oil, and macadamia nut oil) and 5.5 grams of fiber (mix of cellulose and pectin) per 2000 daily calories. | Other | Fat and fiber control breakfast |
Primary outcome
Diet-induced changes in postprandial glucose tolerance
Time frame: 60-minute time point, 120-minute time point, incremental area under the curve from fasting to 180-minute time point
Blood glucose and insulin concentrations will be measured.
1 secondary outcome
Diet-induced changes in postprandial satiety hormones
Time frame: 60-minute time point, 120-minute time point, incremental area under the curve from fasting to 180-minute time point
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Jul 2026.
- Backgroundhttps://hassavocadoboard.com/happenings/2023-year-in-review/.
- Background: PubMed 31035472Zhu L, Huang Y, Edirisinghe I, Park E, Burton-Freeman B. Using the Avocado to Test the Satiety Effects of a Fat-Fiber Combination in Place of Carbohydrate Energy in a Breakfast Meal in Overweight and Obese Men and Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2019 Apr 26;11(5):952. doi: 10.3390/nu11050952.
- Background: PubMed 10205358Wright J. Effect of high-carbohydrate versus high-monounsaturated fatty acid diet on metabolic control in diabetes and hyperglycemic patients. Clin Nutr. 1998 Sep;17 Suppl 2:35-45. doi: 10.1016/s0261-5614(98)80016-2. No abstract available.
- BackgroundU.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th Edition.
- Background: PubMed 22181071Sanchez D, Miguel M, Aleixandre A. Dietary fiber, gut peptides, and adipocytokines. J Med Food. 2012 Mar;15(3):223-30. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0072. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
- Background: PubMed 11181530Rocca AS, LaGreca J, Kalitsky J, Brubaker PL. Monounsaturated fatty acid diets improve glycemic tolerance through increased secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1. Endocrinology. 2001 Mar;142(3):1148-55. doi: 10.1210/endo.142.3.8034.
- Background: PubMed 27457635Qian F, Korat AA, Malik V, Hu FB. Metabolic Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Diets Compared With Carbohydrate or Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Diets in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Care. 2016 Aug;39(8):1448-57. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0513.
- Background: PubMed 31293606Pedreschi R, Uarrota V, Fuentealba C, Alvaro JE, Olmedo P, Defilippi BG, Meneses C, Campos-Vargas R. Primary Metabolism in Avocado Fruit. Front Plant Sci. 2019 Jun 26;10:795. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00795. eCollection 2019.
- Background: PubMed 30213052Park E, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman B. Avocado Fruit on Postprandial Markers of Cardio-Metabolic Risk: A Randomized Controlled Dose Response Trial in Overweight and Obese Men and Women. Nutrients. 2018 Sep 12;10(9):1287. doi: 10.3390/nu10091287.
- Background: PubMed 27194309Nansel TR, Lipsky LM, Liu A. Greater diet quality is associated with more optimal glycemic control in a longitudinal study of youth with type 1 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Jul;104(1):81-7. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.126136. Epub 2016 May 18.
- Background: PubMed 29495569Muller M, Canfora EE, Blaak EE. Gastrointestinal Transit Time, Glucose Homeostasis and Metabolic Health: Modulation by Dietary Fibers. Nutrients. 2018 Feb 28;10(3):275. doi: 10.3390/nu10030275.
- Background: PubMed 15505129Levitan EB, Song Y, Ford ES, Liu S. Is nondiabetic hyperglycemia a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Oct 25;164(19):2147-55. doi: 10.1001/archinte.164.19.2147.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jana Kraft, Ph.D. principal investigator
University of Vermont
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Avocado and Fat and fiber addition in people with Healthy and Healthy Volunteer, run by University of Vermont Medical Center at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 16 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Diet-induced changes in postprandial glucose tolerance (time frame: 60-minute time point, 120-minute time point, incremental area under the curve from fasting to 180-minute time point). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06818032, which also lists 21 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Jul 2026.