Muscle BiomechanicsNCT06824090
Tonus, Stiffness and Elasticity of Hand and Wrist Muscles in Smartphone Addiction
An observational study of Muscle Biomechanics and Smartphone Addisction, run by Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this study was to investigate the tonus, stiffness and elasticity of the hand and wrist muscles in intensive smartphone use. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Muscle Biomechanics, Smartphone Addisction
- What is being tested?
- Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form, Hand Grip Strength Assessment and Finger Lateral Grip Strength Assessment
- How many people
- 56 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 May 2024to 1 Jan 2025
- How long will I take part?
- 1 Day
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: University students
Who may be able to join
- To study at Bandirma Onyedi Eylül University
- Students between the ages of 18-30 years, whose voluntary consent was obtained and who use smartphones
Who cannot join
- Individuals with musculoskeletal system problems such as fractures of the hand, fingers and upper extremities, rheumatoid disease with evidence of systemic, specific pathological conditions
- Individuals who have undergone any surgical operation related to hand, finger and upper extremity problems
- Individuals who have received hand, finger and upper extremity related physiotherapy and rehabilitation services in less than 6 months
- Individuals with diagnosed psychiatric illness.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
Balıkesir, Turkey, 10200
About this study
Official title: Investigation of Tonus, Stiffness and Elasticity of Hand and Wrist Muscles in Intensive Smartphone Use
The aim of this study was to investigate the tonus, stiffness and elasticity of the hand and wrist muscles in intensive smartphone use.
Read the detailed description
Consent was obtained from the students with the 'Informed Voluntary Consent Form' and the sociodemographic data of the students were recorded on the previously prepared Descriptive Data Form. The students were asked to fill out the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form. Before starting the clinical evaluation, anamnesis was taken from the students and their general health status, phone usage time (minutes) and exclusion criteria were questioned. Myotone evaluations of the tenar region, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles were performed. Then, the standard grip strength of the dominant and non-dominant side hand was evaluated with Saehan hand dynamometer and the lateral grip strength of the thumb was evaluated with Saehan pinchmeter.
- Conditions
- Muscle Biomechanics, Smartphone Addisction
- Being tested
- Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form, Hand Grip Strength Assessment, Finger Lateral Grip Strength Assessment, Myoton Assessment
- Keywords
- smartphone, tonus, stiffness, elasticity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short FormOther
Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form: In our study, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form will be filled out in order to evaluate the intensity of smartphone use of students, and the daily duration of smartphone use will be recorded. The scale is a 6-point Likert-type scale consisting of 10 items used to measure the risk of smartphone addiction. Scores obtained from the scale vary between 10-60 and an increase in the score indicates an increased risk for smartphone addiction. The cut-off score of the scale was determined as 31 for men and 33 for women. In the Turkish validity and reliability study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.86.
Hand Grip Strength AssessmentOther
Hand grip strength was measured with 'Saehan Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer'. Participants were informed about the correct holding position and use of the instrument. In the measured arm, the position of 90̊ flexion from the elbow joint and completely adjacent to the body was used. The participant's hand was placed in the second grip position of the dynamometer and asked to make the strongest grip he/she could make, right and left measurements were taken.
Finger Lateral Grip Strength AssessmentOther
Finger lateral grip strength was measured with 'Saehan Hydraulic pinch gauge'. Participants were informed about the correct holding position and use of the instrument. While the participant was sitting on a chair with arms supported, the shoulder was adjacent to the trunk and neutral, the elbow joint was in 90 ̊ flexion, the forearm was neutral, the wrist was in 0-30 ̊ extension and 0-15 ̊ ulnar deviation. Right and left finger lateral grip measurements were taken.
Myoton AssessmentOther
Myoton PRO device was used to objectively evaluate the biomechanical properties of the hand and wrist muscles such as tone, stiffness and elasticity. Tenar region, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles were evaluated bilaterally. Three measurements were recorded at one second intervals and the mean value was used for analysis.
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form
Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form: In our study, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form will be filled out in order to evaluate the intensity of smartphone use of students, and the daily duration of smartphone use will be recorded. The scale is a 6-point Likert-type scale consisting of 10 items used to measure the risk of smartphone addiction. Scores obtained from the scale vary between 10-60 and an increase in the score indicates an increased risk for smartphone addiction. The cut-off score of the scale was determined as 31 for men and 33 for women. In the Turkish validity and reliability study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.86.
Measured: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Hand grip strength assessment
Hand grip strength was measured with 'Saehan Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer'. Participants were informed about the correct holding position and use of the instrument. In the measured arm, the position of 90̊ flexion from the elbow joint and completely adjacent to the body was used. The participant's hand was placed in the second grip position of the dynamometer and asked to make the strongest grip he/she could make, right and left measurements were taken.
Measured: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Finger lateral grip strength assessment
Finger lateral grip strength was measured with 'Saehan Hydraulic pinch gauge'. Participants were informed about the correct holding position and use of the instrument. While the participant was sitting on a chair with arms supported, the shoulder was adjacent to the trunk and neutral, the elbow joint was in 90 ̊ flexion, the forearm was neutral, the wrist was in 0-30 ̊ extension and 0-15 ̊ ulnar deviation. Right and left finger lateral grip measurements were taken.
Measured: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Myoton assessment
Myoton PRO device was used to objectively evaluate the biomechanical properties of the hand and wrist muscles such as tone, stiffness and elasticity. Tenar region, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles were evaluated bilaterally. Three measurements were recorded at one second intervals and the mean value was used for analysis.
Measured: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Feb 2025
- Study start1 May 2024
- Primary completion1 Jan 2025
- Study completion1 Jan 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Muscle BiomechanicsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 56 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 1 Day
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hazel Çelik Güzel, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06824090
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024-114
- Status last verified
- Feb 2025
- First submitted
- 8 Feb 2025
- Last updated
- 13 Feb 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Feb 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Investigation of Tonus, Stiffness and Elasticity of Hand and Wrist Muscles in Intensive Smartphone Use
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06824090
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2024-114
- Conditions
- Muscle Biomechanics, Smartphone Addisction
- Keywords
- smartphone, tonus, stiffness, elasticity
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 56 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Bandırma Onyedi Eylül UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 May 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jan 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study was to investigate the tonus, stiffness and elasticity of the hand and wrist muscles in intensive smartphone use.
Detailed description
Consent was obtained from the students with the 'Informed Voluntary Consent Form' and the sociodemographic data of the students were recorded on the previously prepared Descriptive Data Form. The students were asked to fill out the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form. Before starting the clinical evaluation, anamnesis was taken from the students and their general health status, phone usage time (minutes) and exclusion criteria were questioned. Myotone evaluations of the tenar region, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles were performed. Then, the standard grip strength of the dominant and non-dominant side hand was evaluated with Saehan hand dynamometer and the lateral grip strength of the thumb was evaluated with Saehan pinchmeter.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Target follow-up
- 1 Day
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- University students
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- To study at Bandirma Onyedi Eylül University
- Students between the ages of 18-30 years, whose voluntary consent was obtained and who use smartphones
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Individuals with musculoskeletal system problems such as fractures of the hand, fingers and upper extremities, rheumatoid disease with evidence of systemic, specific pathological conditions
- Individuals who have undergone any surgical operation related to hand, finger and upper extremity problems
- Individuals who have received hand, finger and upper extremity related physiotherapy and rehabilitation services in less than 6 months
- Individuals with diagnosed psychiatric illness.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short FormSmartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form: In our study, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form will be filled out in order to evaluate the intensity of smartphone use of students, and the daily duration of smartphone use will be recorded. The scale is a 6-point Likert-type scale consisting of 10 items used to measure the risk of smartphone addiction. Scores obtained from the scale vary between 10-60 and an increase in the score indicates an increased risk for smartphone addiction. The cut-off score of the scale was determined as 31 for men and 33 for women. In the Turkish validity and reliability study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.86. | Other | – |
| Hand Grip Strength AssessmentHand grip strength was measured with 'Saehan Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer'. Participants were informed about the correct holding position and use of the instrument. In the measured arm, the position of 90̊ flexion from the elbow joint and completely adjacent to the body was used. The participant's hand was placed in the second grip position of the dynamometer and asked to make the strongest grip he/she could make, right and left measurements were taken. | Other | – |
| Finger Lateral Grip Strength AssessmentFinger lateral grip strength was measured with 'Saehan Hydraulic pinch gauge'. Participants were informed about the correct holding position and use of the instrument. While the participant was sitting on a chair with arms supported, the shoulder was adjacent to the trunk and neutral, the elbow joint was in 90 ̊ flexion, the forearm was neutral, the wrist was in 0-30 ̊ extension and 0-15 ̊ ulnar deviation. Right and left finger lateral grip measurements were taken. | Other | – |
| Myoton AssessmentMyoton PRO device was used to objectively evaluate the biomechanical properties of the hand and wrist muscles such as tone, stiffness and elasticity. Tenar region, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles were evaluated bilaterally. Three measurements were recorded at one second intervals and the mean value was used for analysis. | Other | – |
Primary outcome
Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form
Time frame: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form: In our study, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form will be filled out in order to evaluate the intensity of smartphone use of students, and the daily duration of smartphone use will be recorded. The scale is a 6-point Likert-type scale consisting of 10 items used to measure the risk of smartphone addiction. Scores obtained from the scale vary between 10-60 and an increase in the score indicates an increased risk for smartphone addiction. The cut-off score of the scale was determined as 31 for men and 33 for women. In the Turkish validity and reliability study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.86.
Hand grip strength assessment
Time frame: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Hand grip strength was measured with 'Saehan Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer'. Participants were informed about the correct holding position and use of the instrument. In the measured arm, the position of 90̊ flexion from the elbow joint and completely adjacent to the body was used. The participant's hand was placed in the second grip position of the dynamometer and asked to make the strongest grip he/she could make, right and left measurements were taken.
Finger lateral grip strength assessment
Time frame: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Finger lateral grip strength was measured with 'Saehan Hydraulic pinch gauge'. Participants were informed about the correct holding position and use of the instrument. While the participant was sitting on a chair with arms supported, the shoulder was adjacent to the trunk and neutral, the elbow joint was in 90 ̊ flexion, the forearm was neutral, the wrist was in 0-30 ̊ extension and 0-15 ̊ ulnar deviation. Right and left finger lateral grip measurements were taken.
Myoton assessment
Time frame: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Myoton PRO device was used to objectively evaluate the biomechanical properties of the hand and wrist muscles such as tone, stiffness and elasticity. Tenar region, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles were evaluated bilaterally. Three measurements were recorded at one second intervals and the mean value was used for analysis.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Feb 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
Related trials for Muscle Biomechanics
Not yet recruiting
Stair Biomechanics and Vibration Study After ACLR
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR), Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Q-Angle, Segment Length, Quadriceps, and Knee Alignment in Soccer Players
Soccer Players
Recruiting
Efficacy of Spinal Orthoses on Mobility in Older Adults With Hyperkyphosis
Hyperkyphosis
Active, not recruiting
Effects of Reformer Pilates and Vestibular Exercise Programs on Balance and Gait in Children With Visual Impairment
Visual Impairments
RecruitingPhase 2
Brain-Computer Interface Visualization Training to Optimize Muscle Activation Following Orthopaedic Surgery
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Muscle Biomechanics and Smartphone Addisction, run by Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Feb 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form (time frame: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Feb 2025.