Sexual HealthMaterScreenNCT06842004
Protocol to Improve the Representation of the Reproductive Process in Spanish Fiction.
A study testing Participatory action in people with Sexual Health and Community Participation, run by Universitat de Lleida at 1 site in Spain.
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to promote the inclusive and plural representation of reproductive processes in Spanish fiction, in order to generate knowledge, emotional well-being and improve the quality of life of people in similar situations. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sexual Health, Community Participation, Social Norms
- What is being tested?
- Participatory action
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSpain
- Study dates
- 1 Apr 2025to Dec 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participated in the group health education program at the primary sexual and reproductive health care centers (ASSIR), attended at least 3 sessions.
- Signed the informed consent form.
- Employed by the Institut Català de la Salut, specifically within the obstetrics and gynecology team at the Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) or primary health care (ASSIR)
- Signed the informed consent form.
Who cannot join
- Language barrier (Spanish/Catalan) that limits their ability to have a relaxed conversation.
- No exclusion criteria were applied.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Spain1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Facultat d'Infermeria i Fisioteràpia
Lleida, Lleida, 25198
Esther Elias Pascual, +34 973 70 24 43, fif.secretariadeganat@udl.cat
Mariona Visa Barbosa, PhD, +34 973 70 31 59, mariona.visa@udl.cat
About this study
Official title: Protocol to Improve the Representation of the Reproductive Process in Spanish Fiction: Sequential Transformative Approach, With Qualitative Predominance and Participatory Action.
The aim of this study is to promote the inclusive and plural representation of reproductive processes in Spanish fiction, in order to generate knowledge, emotional well-being and improve the quality of life of people in similar situations. The question to be answered is
Will a handbook of good practices used in the training of scriptwriters and audiovisual creators, based on the testimonies of people experiencing reproductive processes and developed with the collaboration of experts (gynaecologists, midwives -ACL-, audiovisuals -Dones Visuals- and scriptwriters -Guionistes Associats-) promote the inclusive and updated representation of reproductive processes?
Focus groups with people involved in reproductive processes and in-depth interviews with professionals involved in these processes will be carried out. A manual of good practices will then be developed in collaboration with audiovisual experts and scriptwriters.
Read the detailed description
Introduction: Since the 1970s, representations of women in fiction have been the subject of interdisciplinary analysis to understand how cultural narratives perpetuate, challenge or transform patriarchal discourses.
Researchers such as Friedan, Faludi and Macdonald have shown how the media reproduce myths of femininity that reinforce gender inequalities. According to De Lauretis, gender is constructed through representation, while Ricoeur stresses that cultural narratives shape individual identities by linking personal histories with collective imaginaries.
In the area of motherhood, researchers such as Douglas and Michaels, Feasey and Kaplan have shown how the media reinforces conservative ideals such as 'new momism' and simplifies biological processes such as pregnancy and breastfeeding, while personal testimonies reveal tensions between cultural expectations and lived experiences, highlighting the need for more inclusive and diverse narratives.
Aim: The project analyzes the representation of reproductive processes-such as menstruation, pregnancy, abortion, and menopause-in contemporary Spanish audiovisual fiction, assessing how these narratives reflect or challenge socio-cultural structures and reconfigure traditional imaginaries.
Through an intersectional and interdisciplinary approach, the research team aims to understand how different audiences, particularly those related to reproductive health, perceive these narratives. The study will include an analysis of fiction, the perceptions of users and professionals, and collaboration with organizations such as the Catalan Association of Midwives (ACL) and audiovisual experts to co-produce a good practice guide that promotes inclusive, ethical, and patriarchy-free representations.
Material and method: The study will follow a sequential transformative mixed method design (DITRAS), with qualitative predominance and participatory action research, divided into three phases. In the first phase, a quantitative approach will be used with a descriptive cross-sectional study, based on a systematic search of film databases, digital platforms and on-demand television. In the second phase, users' and professionals' perceptions of reproductive health processes will be explored through focus groups and interviews. In the third phase, participatory action research will be applied to co-create a manual of good practices to be implemented in undergraduate and postgraduate training in communication and journalism.
Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the representation of reproductive processes in Spanish fiction. According to Goffman, the way messages are framed in the media influences the audience's perception of problems and their solutions, leading to psychological, social, and political repercussions.
Through strategically designed narratives, the media has the power to shape attitudes and drive social change, as highlighted by the WHO in its guidelines for addressing sensitive issues such as suicide. Previous studies on the portrayal of childbirth suggest that fiction has distorted the perception of care quality, overrepresented white, heterosexual, non-disabled couples, and depicted women as passive participants in the process.
The findings of this study have the potential to enhance the representation of reproductive processes in the media, fostering a more inclusive and accurate perspective that could shape public perceptions and contribute to the development of more equitable policies.
- Conditions
- Sexual Health, Community Participation, Social Norms
- Being tested
- Participatory action
- Keywords
- sexual health, motion pictures, community participation, social norms
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Participatory actionOther
The reality of audiovisual fiction in Spain and professionals' perceptions of how motherhood is portrayed will be explored. Through participatory action, participants will share their experiences and knowledge to identify areas for improvement in the representation of reproductive processes. The result will be a manual of good practices for fiction production, aimed at promoting more inclusive, realistic and stereotype-free representations, in order to improve both public perception and professional training in the audiovisual field.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Persons involved in reproductive processes | Other | The participatory action in this mixed study will be applied to users, health professionals and audiovisual professionals to co-create solutions and reflect on the representations of motherhood in Spanish audiovisual fiction. This methodology seeks to actively involve those involved-health professionals, audiovisual experts and people with experience in maternity-in all phases of the study, from data collection to interpretation. Receives: Other: Participatory action |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Use audiovisual works that promote diverse narratives about reproductive processes as case studies in undergraduate and master's programs for future audiovisual professionals
Implement the use of a best practices manual for students of Audiovisual Communication, Journalism and Screenwriting, to enhance their critical ability to recognize more inclusive narratives in terms of race, class, gender, culture, religion, socioeconomic background, and access to reproductive rights.
Measured: From the implementation of the manual of good practices in university communication and audiovisual studies to 5 years later.
Secondary outcomes (3)
Creation of a database of fictional works on reproductive processes in Spain
To create a database of Spanish fictional works on reproductive processes from the last decade, following a search strategy designed by the research team. To analyze the fiction depicted (keyword, type, author, year, depicted reproductive process, ideology, medicalization, stereotypes, and platform -VOD or free-to-air TV-) using a customized tool for this study.
Measured: In the 14 months prior to enrolling to participate.
Profile and perceptions of users and professionals from focus group scripts or semi-structured interviews on the representation of reproductive processes in contemporary Spanish fiction.
A questionnaire will collect sociodemographic data such as age, sex/gender, country of birth, and occupation. Reproductive characteristics such as previous pregnancies, abortions, perinatal losses, live births, obstetric complications, and prior health education will also be gathered. Additionally, users' health education programs and professionals' characteristics (discipline, experience, level of care, and occupation) will be recorded.
Based on the semi-structured script, users' perceptions of the reproductive process, its differences from real experience, and consequences, including the invisibility of certain processes, will be collected. Discrepancies in care practices and their impact on expectations, along with proposals for improvement, will be analyzed. Professionals' views on fictional representations of sexual-reproductive health, their roles, stereotypes, interprofessional relationships, and impact on the population will also be examined, with suggestions for improvement.
Measured: An average of 6 months from the registration of participants (users and healthcare professionals) to the completion of the analysis of the interview / focus group.
Manual of best practices and recommendations for audiovisual presentations of reproductive processes, based on data collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews with users and professionals.
The co-production of a manual of best practices for audiovisual representations of reproductive processes will be based on the analysis of user and professional discourses, with the participation of sexual and reproductive health experts (gynecologist and Associació Catalana de Llevadores) and communication professionals (Dones Visuals and Guionistes Associats de Catalunya). This manual, aimed at scriptwriters, audiovisual creators and students, will provide recommendations for the accurate representation of reproductive processes, ensuring visibility without gender stereotypes, respecting current health protocols and taking into account the social context.
Measured: From the registration of participants in the Participatory Action Intervention Working Group to the implementation of the tool in university communication and audiovisual studies, an average 6 months.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Feb 2025
- Study start1 Apr 2025
- Primary completionJun 2026 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sexual HealthStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Sequential
- Model description
- The study will employ a sequential mixed-methods transformative design (DITRAS), with a predominantly qualitative approach and a strong emphasis on participatory action research. It will be structured into three distinct phases. In the first phase, a quantitative approach will be used, involving a descriptive cross-sectional study based on a systematic search of film databases, digital platforms, and on-demand television. The second phase will focus on exploring the perceptions of users and professionals regarding reproductive health processes through focus groups and interviews. The third phase, the intervention phase, will adopt a participatory action research approach to co-create a good practice manual, which will be implemented in undergraduate and postgraduate communication and journalism training programs.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universitat de Lleida
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Rosa Mar Alzuria Alós, Universitat de Lleida
- Investigators
- Mariona Visa Barbosa, PhD, Principal investigator, Universitat de LleidaMargarida Carnicé Mur, PhD, Principal investigator, Universitat de Lleida
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06842004
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PID2022-137338OA-I00
- Other IDs
- PID2022-137338OA-I00
- Acronym
- MaterScreen
- Status last verified
- Apr 2025
- First submitted
- 31 Jan 2025
- Last updated
- 18 Apr 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: The individual data collected in this study contain sensitive personal information. Despite anonymization measures, sharing could compromise participants' privacy and confidentiality. Additionally, the informed consent specifies that the data will be used solely for this study and not shared with third parties. Therefore, individual data sets will not be shared to ensure security and adherence to ethical research principles.
Publications
Acosta Artiles FJ, Rodriguez Rodriguez-Caro CJ, Cejas Mendez MR. [Reporting on Suicide. WHO recommendations for the Media.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2017 Oct 24;91:e201710040. Spanish.
PubMed 29064462HAYS, Sharon. (1998). The cultural contradictions of motherhood. Yale University press
KAPLAN, E. Ann. (2013). Motherhood and representation: The mother in popular culture and melodrama. Routledge.
FEASEY, Rebecca. (2016). Mothers on mothers: maternal readings of popular television. Peter Lang
FEASEY, Rebecca. (2012). From happy homemaker to desperate housewives: motherhood and popular television. London: Anthem Press.
DOUGLAS, Susan y MICHAELS, Meredith. (2004). The Mommy Myth: The Mass Media and the Rise of the New Momism. The Free Press.
MACDONALD, Myra (1995) Representing women myths of femininity in the popular media. Hodder Arnold
FALUDI, Susan. (1991). Backlash: The undeclared war against women. London: Chatto & Windus
Friedan B. The problem that has no name. The Feminine Mystique 1963. Am J Public Health. 2010 Sep;100(9):1582-4. doi: 10.2105/ajph.100.9.1582. No abstract available.
PubMed 20705962
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Apr 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Protocol to Improve the Representation of the Reproductive Process in Spanish Fiction: Sequential Transformative Approach, With Qualitative Predominance and Participatory Action.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06842004
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MaterScreen / PID2022-137338OA-I00
- Conditions
- Sexual Health, Community Participation, Social Norms
- Keywords
- sexual health, motion pictures, community participation, social norms
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Universitat de LleidaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 24 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to promote the inclusive and plural representation of reproductive processes in Spanish fiction, in order to generate knowledge, emotional well-being and improve the quality of life of people in similar situations. The question to be answered is
Will a handbook of good practices used in the training of scriptwriters and audiovisual creators, based on the testimonies of people experiencing reproductive processes and developed with the collaboration of experts (gynaecologists, midwives -ACL-, audiovisuals -Dones Visuals- and scriptwriters -Guionistes Associats-) promote the inclusive and updated representation of reproductive processes?
Focus groups with people involved in reproductive processes and in-depth interviews with professionals involved in these processes will be carried out. A manual of good practices will then be developed in collaboration with audiovisual experts and scriptwriters.
Detailed description
Introduction: Since the 1970s, representations of women in fiction have been the subject of interdisciplinary analysis to understand how cultural narratives perpetuate, challenge or transform patriarchal discourses.
Researchers such as Friedan, Faludi and Macdonald have shown how the media reproduce myths of femininity that reinforce gender inequalities. According to De Lauretis, gender is constructed through representation, while Ricoeur stresses that cultural narratives shape individual identities by linking personal histories with collective imaginaries.
In the area of motherhood, researchers such as Douglas and Michaels, Feasey and Kaplan have shown how the media reinforces conservative ideals such as 'new momism' and simplifies biological processes such as pregnancy and breastfeeding, while personal testimonies reveal tensions between cultural expectations and lived experiences, highlighting the need for more inclusive and diverse narratives.
Aim: The project analyzes the representation of reproductive processes-such as menstruation, pregnancy, abortion, and menopause-in contemporary Spanish audiovisual fiction, assessing how these narratives reflect or challenge socio-cultural structures and reconfigure traditional imaginaries.
Through an intersectional and interdisciplinary approach, the research team aims to understand how different audiences, particularly those related to reproductive health, perceive these narratives. The study will include an analysis of fiction, the perceptions of users and professionals, and collaboration with organizations such as the Catalan Association of Midwives (ACL) and audiovisual experts to co-produce a good practice guide that promotes inclusive, ethical, and patriarchy-free representations.
Material and method: The study will follow a sequential transformative mixed method design (DITRAS), with qualitative predominance and participatory action research, divided into three phases. In the first phase, a quantitative approach will be used with a descriptive cross-sectional study, based on a systematic search of film databases, digital platforms and on-demand television. In the second phase, users' and professionals' perceptions of reproductive health processes will be explored through focus groups and interviews. In the third phase, participatory action research will be applied to co-create a manual of good practices to be implemented in undergraduate and postgraduate training in communication and journalism.
Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the representation of reproductive processes in Spanish fiction. According to Goffman, the way messages are framed in the media influences the audience's perception of problems and their solutions, leading to psychological, social, and political repercussions.
Through strategically designed narratives, the media has the power to shape attitudes and drive social change, as highlighted by the WHO in its guidelines for addressing sensitive issues such as suicide. Previous studies on the portrayal of childbirth suggest that fiction has distorted the perception of care quality, overrepresented white, heterosexual, non-disabled couples, and depicted women as passive participants in the process.
The findings of this study have the potential to enhance the representation of reproductive processes in the media, fostering a more inclusive and accurate perspective that could shape public perceptions and contribute to the development of more equitable policies.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Sequential
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- The study will employ a sequential mixed-methods transformative design (DITRAS), with a predominantly qualitative approach and a strong emphasis on participatory action research. It will be structured into three distinct phases. In the first phase, a quantitative approach will be used, involving a descriptive cross-sectional study based on a systematic search of film databases, digital platforms, and on-demand television. The second phase will focus on exploring the perceptions of users and professionals regarding reproductive health processes through focus groups and interviews. The third phase, the intervention phase, will adopt a participatory action research approach to co-create a good practice manual, which will be implemented in undergraduate and postgraduate communication and journalism training programs.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Persons involved in reproductive processes | Other | Other: Participatory actionThe participatory action in this mixed study will be applied to users, health professionals and audiovisual professionals to co-create solutions and reflect on the representations of motherhood in Spanish audiovisual fiction. This methodology seeks to actively involve those involved-health professionals, audiovisual experts and people with experience in maternity-in all phases of the study, from data collection to interpretation. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Participated in the group health education program at the primary sexual and reproductive health care centers (ASSIR), attended at least 3 sessions.
- Signed the informed consent form.
- Employed by the Institut Català de la Salut, specifically within the obstetrics and gynecology team at the Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) or primary health care (ASSIR)
- Signed the informed consent form.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Language barrier (Spanish/Catalan) that limits their ability to have a relaxed conversation.
- No exclusion criteria were applied.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Participatory actionThe reality of audiovisual fiction in Spain and professionals' perceptions of how motherhood is portrayed will be explored. Through participatory action, participants will share their experiences and knowledge to identify areas for improvement in the representation of reproductive processes. The result will be a manual of good practices for fiction production, aimed at promoting more inclusive, realistic and stereotype-free representations, in order to improve both public perception and professional training in the audiovisual field. | Other | Persons involved in reproductive processes |
Primary outcome
Use audiovisual works that promote diverse narratives about reproductive processes as case studies in undergraduate and master's programs for future audiovisual professionals
Time frame: From the implementation of the manual of good practices in university communication and audiovisual studies to 5 years later.
Implement the use of a best practices manual for students of Audiovisual Communication, Journalism and Screenwriting, to enhance their critical ability to recognize more inclusive narratives in terms of race, class, gender, culture, religion, socioeconomic background, and access to reproductive rights.
3 secondary outcomes
Creation of a database of fictional works on reproductive processes in Spain
Time frame: In the 14 months prior to enrolling to participate.
Profile and perceptions of users and professionals from focus group scripts or semi-structured interviews on the representation of reproductive processes in contemporary Spanish fiction.
Time frame: An average of 6 months from the registration of participants (users and healthcare professionals) to the completion of the analysis of the interview / focus group.
Manual of best practices and recommendations for audiovisual presentations of reproductive processes, based on data collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews with users and professionals.
Time frame: From the registration of participants in the Participatory Action Intervention Working Group to the implementation of the tool in university communication and audiovisual studies, an average 6 months.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Apr 2025.
- Background: PubMed 29064462Acosta Artiles FJ, Rodriguez Rodriguez-Caro CJ, Cejas Mendez MR. [Reporting on Suicide. WHO recommendations for the Media.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2017 Oct 24;91:e201710040. Spanish.
- BackgroundHAYS, Sharon. (1998). The cultural contradictions of motherhood. Yale University press
- BackgroundKAPLAN, E. Ann. (2013). Motherhood and representation: The mother in popular culture and melodrama. Routledge.
- BackgroundFEASEY, Rebecca. (2016). Mothers on mothers: maternal readings of popular television. Peter Lang
- BackgroundFEASEY, Rebecca. (2012). From happy homemaker to desperate housewives: motherhood and popular television. London: Anthem Press.
- BackgroundDOUGLAS, Susan y MICHAELS, Meredith. (2004). The Mommy Myth: The Mass Media and the Rise of the New Momism. The Free Press.
- BackgroundMACDONALD, Myra (1995) Representing women myths of femininity in the popular media. Hodder Arnold
- BackgroundFALUDI, Susan. (1991). Backlash: The undeclared war against women. London: Chatto & Windus
- Background: PubMed 20705962Friedan B. The problem that has no name. The Feminine Mystique 1963. Am J Public Health. 2010 Sep;100(9):1582-4. doi: 10.2105/ajph.100.9.1582. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. The individual data collected in this study contain sensitive personal information. Despite anonymization measures, sharing could compromise participants' privacy and confidentiality. Additionally, the informed consent specifies that the data will be used solely for this study and not shared with third parties. Therefore, individual data sets will not be shared to ensure security and adherence to ethical research principles.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Mariona Visa Barbosa, PhD principal investigator
Universitat de Lleida
Margarida Carnicé Mur, PhD principal investigator
Universitat de Lleida
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Participatory action in people with Sexual Health and Community Participation, run by Universitat de Lleida at 1 site in Spain.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Apr 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Rosa M Alzuria Alós, RN, RM, PhD (+34 629 91 11 92, rosamar.alzuria@udl.cat), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Use audiovisual works that promote diverse narratives about reproductive processes as case studies in undergraduate and master's programs for future audiovisual professionals (time frame: From the implementation of the manual of good practices in university communication and audiovisual studies to 5 years later.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06842004, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Apr 2025.