University StudentsNCT06843837
The Effect of Sweet Orange Aromatherapy on Anxiety and Pulse Level of Nurse Students
A study testing Sweet orange essential oil aromatherapy in people with University Students, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled study examined the effect of sweet orange essential oil aromatherapy on reducing anxiety experienced by nursing students during the IV cannulation process. First-year nursing students from a university in eastern Turkey participated in the study. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- University Students
- What is being tested?
- Sweet orange essential oil aromatherapy
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 95 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 2 Sep 2024to 1 Feb 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being actively enrolled in school, not having performed an IV cannulation before, taking the Basic Principles and Fundamentals in Nursing I course, and not having any health issues that would prevent inhaling sweet orange oil.
Who cannot join
- Not volunteering to participate in the study, not being actively enrolled in school, and having any health issues that would prevent inhaling sweet orange oil.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Sweet Orange Aromatherapy on Anxiety and Pulse Level of Nurse Students During IV Cannula Placement Skill Process
This randomized controlled study examined the effect of sweet orange essential oil aromatherapy on reducing anxiety experienced by nursing students during the IV cannulation process. First-year nursing students from a university in eastern Turkey participated in the study. According to the sample size determined by G*Power analysis, 100 students were randomized, and the study was completed with 47 students in the experimental group and 48 students in the control group.
All students were taught IV cannulation skills theoretically and practically. Subsequently, students in the experimental group performed IV cannulation on real patients after receiving aromatherapy. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, a Pulse Monitoring Form, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sweet orange essential oil aromatherapy in reducing anxiety among nursing students during the IV cannulation procedure. The study was conducted with first-year nursing students enrolled in the nursing department of a university in eastern Turkey. The sample size was determined using G*Power analysis, and a total of 100 students were randomized into two groups. The study was completed with 47 students in the experimental group and 48 students in the control group.
All participants received standardized theoretical and practical training on IV cannulation. Following the training, students in the experimental group were exposed to sweet orange essential oil aromatherapy before performing IV cannulation on real patients, while those in the control group proceeded with the procedure without aromatherapy intervention.
Data collection tools included a Personal Information Form, a Pulse Monitoring Form to track physiological responses, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess anxiety levels. The study aimed to determine whether aromatherapy could serve as an effective non-pharmacological strategy for alleviating procedural anxiety among nursing students.
- Conditions
- University Students
- Being tested
- Sweet orange essential oil aromatherapy
- Keywords
- Sweet orange aromatherapy, Nursing students, IV cannulation skill, Anxiety, Heart rate
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Sweet orange essential oil aromatherapyOther
Also called Sweet orange aromatherapy
The sweet orange essential oil used in the study was prepared by the Food Engineering Department of Fırat University. To obtain the essential oil used for aromatherapy in this study, the peels of Citrus sinensis sweet oranges were utilized. The orange peels were cut into small pieces of approximately 3-5 mm in size, placed into a boiling flask, and distilled water was added. Based on the analysis results, the percentage composition of the total essential oil fatty acids was determined. The chemical composition analysis revealed that D-limonene was the major component, comprising 90% of the total oil. The oil is 100% pure essential oil, containing up to 90% D-limonene, along with citral and linalool. A cotton ball infused with three drops of sweet orange essential oil was held 4 to 5 cm away from the student's nose, and they were instructed to breathe slowly for five minutes. After this, the students were asked to perform IV cannulation on the patient.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Experimental | In this study, sweet orange essential oil was applied to reduce anxiety levels and physiological responses of nursing students during IV cannulation skill practice. The study data were collected in the intravenous (IV) access rooms of Fırat University Medical Center Hospital's outpatient clinic. There are two IV access rooms on the outpatient clinic floor, one of which was randomly assigned to the control group and the other to the experimental group. After administering pre-tests (Participant Information Form, Pulse Monitoring Form, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), students were instructed to perform IV cannulation on the assigned patient. A cotton ball infused with three drops of sweet orange essential oil was held 4 to 5 cm away from the student's nose, and they were instructed to breathe slowly for five minutes. After this, the students were asked to perform IV cannulation on the patient. Receives: Other: Sweet orange essential oil aromatherapy |
| control | No intervention | Not described |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
developed by Spielberger and colleagues in 1970, was adapted into Turkish by Öner and LeCompte. This four-point Likert scale consists of 20 short statements, 10 of which are reverse-coded. In the scale, the total score from the straightforward statements is subtracted from the total score of the reverse-coded statements, and a fixed number, 50, is added to the result. The scores obtained through this method range from 20 to 80, with scores between 20-39 indicating low, 40-59 indicating moderate, and 60-79 indicating high levels of anxiety. An increase in the score indicates a rise in the individual's anxiety level. The reliability coefficients of the scale range from 0.94 to 0.96 (Spielberger et al., 1970; Öner and LeCompte, 1998).
Measured: 3 month
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Feb 2025
- Study start2 Sep 2024
- Primary completion1 Nov 2024
- Study completion1 Feb 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for University StudentsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Inonu UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized controlled experimental model
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 95 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, seher ÇEVİK, Inonu University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06843837
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- inonu university 2
- Status last verified
- Feb 2025
- First submitted
- 19 Feb 2025
- Last updated
- 3 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Participants' data were collected for research purposes only according to the ethical principle of confidentiality and protection. Therefore, it cannot be shared.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Sweet Orange Aromatherapy on Anxiety and Pulse Level of Nurse Students During IV Cannula Placement Skill Process
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06843837
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- inonu university 2
- Conditions
- University Students
- Keywords
- Sweet orange aromatherapy, Nursing students, IV cannulation skill, Anxiety, Heart rate
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 95 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Feb 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled study examined the effect of sweet orange essential oil aromatherapy on reducing anxiety experienced by nursing students during the IV cannulation process. First-year nursing students from a university in eastern Turkey participated in the study. According to the sample size determined by G*Power analysis, 100 students were randomized, and the study was completed with 47 students in the experimental group and 48 students in the control group.
All students were taught IV cannulation skills theoretically and practically. Subsequently, students in the experimental group performed IV cannulation on real patients after receiving aromatherapy. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, a Pulse Monitoring Form, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sweet orange essential oil aromatherapy in reducing anxiety among nursing students during the IV cannulation procedure. The study was conducted with first-year nursing students enrolled in the nursing department of a university in eastern Turkey. The sample size was determined using G*Power analysis, and a total of 100 students were randomized into two groups. The study was completed with 47 students in the experimental group and 48 students in the control group.
All participants received standardized theoretical and practical training on IV cannulation. Following the training, students in the experimental group were exposed to sweet orange essential oil aromatherapy before performing IV cannulation on real patients, while those in the control group proceeded with the procedure without aromatherapy intervention.
Data collection tools included a Personal Information Form, a Pulse Monitoring Form to track physiological responses, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess anxiety levels. The study aimed to determine whether aromatherapy could serve as an effective non-pharmacological strategy for alleviating procedural anxiety among nursing students.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized controlled experimental model
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Experimental | Other: Sweet orange essential oil aromatherapyIn this study, sweet orange essential oil was applied to reduce anxiety levels and physiological responses of nursing students during IV cannulation skill practice. The study data were collected in the intravenous (IV) access rooms of Fırat University Medical Center Hospital's outpatient clinic. There are two IV access rooms on the outpatient clinic floor, one of which was randomly assigned to the control group and the other to the experimental group. After administering pre-tests (Participant Information Form, Pulse Monitoring Form, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), students were instructed to perform IV cannulation on the assigned patient. A cotton ball infused with three drops of sweet orange essential oil was held 4 to 5 cm away from the student's nose, and they were instructed to breathe slowly for five minutes. After this, the students were asked to perform IV cannulation on the patient. |
| control | No intervention | – |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Being actively enrolled in school, not having performed an IV cannulation before, taking the Basic Principles and Fundamentals in Nursing I course, and not having any health issues that would prevent inhaling sweet orange oil.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Not volunteering to participate in the study, not being actively enrolled in school, and having any health issues that would prevent inhaling sweet orange oil.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Sweet orange essential oil aromatherapyAlso: Sweet orange aromatherapyThe sweet orange essential oil used in the study was prepared by the Food Engineering Department of Fırat University. To obtain the essential oil used for aromatherapy in this study, the peels of Citrus sinensis sweet oranges were utilized. The orange peels were cut into small pieces of approximately 3-5 mm in size, placed into a boiling flask, and distilled water was added. Based on the analysis results, the percentage composition of the total essential oil fatty acids was determined. The chemical composition analysis revealed that D-limonene was the major component, comprising 90% of the total oil. The oil is 100% pure essential oil, containing up to 90% D-limonene, along with citral and linalool. A cotton ball infused with three drops of sweet orange essential oil was held 4 to 5 cm away from the student's nose, and they were instructed to breathe slowly for five minutes. After this, the students were asked to perform IV cannulation on the patient. | Other | Intervention |
Primary outcome
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
Time frame: 3 month
developed by Spielberger and colleagues in 1970, was adapted into Turkish by Öner and LeCompte. This four-point Likert scale consists of 20 short statements, 10 of which are reverse-coded. In the scale, the total score from the straightforward statements is subtracted from the total score of the reverse-coded statements, and a fixed number, 50, is added to the result. The scores obtained through this method range from 20 to 80, with scores between 20-39 indicating low, 40-59 indicating moderate, and 60-79 indicating high levels of anxiety. An increase in the score indicates a rise in the individual's anxiety level. The reliability coefficients of the scale range from 0.94 to 0.96 (Spielberger et al., 1970; Öner and LeCompte, 1998).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Mar 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Participants' data were collected for research purposes only according to the ethical principle of confidentiality and protection. Therefore, it cannot be shared.
Related trials for University Students
Not yet recruiting
Web-Based Sustainable Food Literacy Program for University Students
Food Literacy, Healthy Eating
Not yet recruitingObservational study
AI-Based Model for Predicting Type 2 Diabetes Risk Using Lifestyle Factors Among Senior Nursing Students
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
RecruitingObservational study
Bruxism, Anxiety, and Periodontal Status Among Dental Students
Bruxism, Anxiety
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Pain Prediction Via Machine Learning: Electrical Thresholds and Interoception
University Students
RecruitingObservational study
The Association Between Smartphone Overuse and Mechanical Neck Pain Among Galala University Students
Mechanical Neck Pain, Forward Head Posture (FHP)
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Sweet orange essential oil aromatherapy in people with University Students, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (time frame: 3 month). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Mar 2025.