UrolithiasisNCT06846723
Stress Ball Effects to Pain, Anxiety, Satisfaction and Treatment Continuity During ESWL
A study testing Stress ball in people with Urolithiasis and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy, run by Mersin University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), a minimally invasive procedure, is used in the treatment of urolithiasis. The shock waves used in this procedure, which does not require any incision, cause pain in the superficial structures of the body such as skin, muscles and deep structures such as costae, nerves and… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Urolithiasis, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
- What is being tested?
- Stress ball
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 64 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 28 May 2025to 10 May 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Those who agreed to participate in the study and whose verbal and written consent was obtained,
- 18 years of age or older,
- Can speak, read and write Turkish,
- Does not have any cognitive, affective and verbal problems that prevent them from communicating,
- Open to communication,
- First time ESWL,
Show all 13Show fewer
- The first session of ESWL will be administered,
- Body mass index <30 kg\m2,
- Have not taken any analgesic before the procedure,
- Not taking anticoagulants before the procedure,
- Have not experienced renal colic pain immediately before the procedure,
- Not pregnant,
- Patients for whom ESWL is not contraindicated for any reason will be included in the study.
Who cannot join
- No verbal or written authorization can be obtained,
- Under 18 years of age,
- They cannot speak, write or read Turkish,
- Have any cognitive, affective and verbal problem that prevents them from communicating,
- The one who is closed to communication,
- Previously undergone ESWL,
Show all 13Show fewer
- You will undergo a second or more sessions of ESWL,
- Body mass index >30 kg\m2,
- Who has taken analgesics before the procedure,
- Anticoagulants taken before the procedure,
- Experiencing renal colic pain just before the procedure,
- Pregnant,
- Patients in whom ESWL is contraindicated will not be included in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Stress Ball on Pain, Anxiety, Satisfaction and Treatment Continuity in Patıents With Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), a minimally invasive procedure, is used in the treatment of urolithiasis. The shock waves used in this procedure, which does not require any incision, cause pain in the superficial structures of the body such as skin, muscles and deep structures such as costae, nerves and kidney tissue. This pain may cause patients not to tolerate the treatment, delay in recovery, decrease in the effectiveness of the treatment and decrease in satisfaction. Patients may also experience anxiety about the procedure prior to treatment. Anxious patients experience more pain during ESWL. Pain and anxiety increase the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and neuroendocrine response, leading to physiologic changes such as increased blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen requirement of the body. This may negatively affect the vital signs of the patients. Therefore, it is essential to relieve pain and anxiety in patients undergoing ESWL and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods are used for this purpose. Pharmacologic methods such as analgesics, opioids and sedative agents are used to reduce pain and anxiety in patients. Since these methods have side effects such as nausea, vomiting, gastric bleeding, respiratory depression, tachycardia, constipation, the use of non-pharmacological methods that can be applied by nurses is increasing. One of the non-pharmacologic methods is the stress ball, which uses the sense of touch to divert attention with cognitive focus. In this simple, reliable, cheap and easily accessible method, pain and anxiety are reduced by directing the mind to the attention-grabbing stimulus.
Read the detailed description
Urolithiasis, which affects more than 12% of the world population and is one of the most common diseases of the urinary system, is diagnosed with pain, urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis, colicky pain, hematuria, nausea, vomiting, fever and chills, foul-smelling and cloudy urine as a result of stone obstruction of the ureter. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), which is a highly minimally invasive procedure, is used in the treatment of urolithiasis in case of failure of medical treatments. This method is particularly effective for renal stones smaller than 2 cm and located in the upper ureter; however, it is also frequently preferred before surgical intervention due to its noninvasiveness and low morbidity.
In extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, high-energy shock waves are used to break the stone into small pieces that can rapidly pass through the ureters. The shock waves used in this procedure, which does not require any incision, cause pain in superficial structures of the body such as skin, muscle and deep structures such as costae, nerves and renal tissue. This pain may cause patients not to tolerate the treatment, delay in recovery, decrease in the effectiveness of the treatment and decrease in satisfaction. In addition, patients may experience anxiety about the procedure to be performed before treatment. Patients who experience anxiety experience more pain during ESWL.
Pain and anxiety increase the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and neuroendocrine response, leading to physiologic changes such as increased blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen requirement of the body. This may negatively affect the vital signs of patients. Therefore, it is essential to eliminate pain and anxiety in patients undergoing ESWL and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods are used for this purpose. Pharmacologic methods such as analgesics, opioids and sedative agents are used to reduce pain and anxiety in patients. Since these methods have side effects such as nausea, vomiting, gastric bleeding, respiratory depression, tachycardia, and constipation, the use of non-pharmacologic methods that can be applied by nurses is increasing. Stress ball, which is one of the non-pharmacologic methods, provides diversion of attention with cognitive focusing by using the sense of touch. In this simple, reliable, inexpensive and easily accessible method, pain and anxiety are reduced by directing the mind to the attention-grabbing stimulus. In the literature, studies evaluating the effect of music on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing ESWL are common; however, only two studies evaluating the effect of stress ball were found. In these studies, the effects of two different non-pharmacologic methods, both stress ball and music, were examined; however, the effects on the satisfaction levels of the patients and their attendance to ESWL sessions were not examined. In the literature, it was reported that approximately 72-75% of patients underwent three or more ESWL sessions at 7-10 day intervals. However, inadequate management of patients' pain and anxiety may adversely affect their continuity of treatment and cause them to prefer surgical intervention instead of continuing ESWL sessions. Based on this information, in this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of stress ball on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing ESWL, as well as the effect of stress ball on patients' satisfaction levels and ESWL continuation status, unlike the literature. With the findings of the study, it is planned to contribute to the literature and to provide evidence for the importance of the use of non-pharmacologic methods.
- Being tested
- Stress ball
- Keywords
- stress ball, urolithiasis, ESWL, pain, anxiety
- Medical subject headings
- Urolithiasis, Pain, Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Stress ballOther
In addition to the routine treatment and care practices of the outpatient clinic, the patients included in the study group will be applied stress ball during ESWL. The researcher (CK) will explain and show the patients how to apply the stress ball 10 minutes before the procedure. The stress ball will be applied during the ESWL session and a round, medium-hard, high-quality silicone ball with an average diameter of 6 cm will be used. Patients will be asked to take the ball in the palm of their hand and squeeze and release the ball once after counting to three. Patients will be instructed to continue this practice until the end of the ESWL procedure and to pay attention to the stress ball during the procedure. The ball will be washed and cleaned after each use and wiped with disposable asepsis wipes before being given to the patient.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Stress ball group | Experimental | In addition to the routine treatment and care practices of the outpatient clinic, the patients included in the study group will be applied stress ball during ESWL. Receives: Other: Stress ball |
| Control group | No intervention | The control group will be received routine treatment and care in the unit. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain level
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) will be used to determine the pain intensity of patients during and after ESWL procedure. VAS was developed to convert some values that cannot be measured numerically into numerical form. The VAS, which is an easy-to-understand, quick-to-use scale that allows meaningful comparison of measurements over time, consists of a 10 cm long line with subjective descriptive statements at both ends of the scale. The patient will be asked to place a mark on this 10 cm line indicating the level of pain during and after the ESWL procedure (0=No pain, 10=Unbearable pain). The distance from the beginning of the scale to the mark will be measured with a ruler and the pain level of the individual will be determined numerically in cm. A low score obtained from the VAS will indicate that the pain intensity of the individual is low/low and a high score will indicate that the pain intensity is high.
Measured: Up to six weeks
Anxiety level
The State-Trait Anxiety scale, for which a Turkish validity-reliability study was conducted, will be used to determine anxiety levels before and after the procedure in patients undergoing ESWL. This scale was developed by Spielberger et al. in 1970 and can be applied to people over the age of 14. The scale consists of the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, which determines how the individual feels at a certain moment and condition, and the Trait Anxiety Scale, which determines how the individual feels regardless of the situation and condition. In the present study, the DAQ, which is structured to measure what is felt at that moment, will be used.
Measured: Up to six weeks
Secondary outcomes (2)
Satisfaction level
After the ESWL procedure, the satisfaction level of the patients with the ESWL procedure and their attendance to the next sessions will be recorded. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was developed to convert some values that cannot be measured numerically into numerical form. VAS, which is a safe, easily applicable measurement tool generally accepted in the world literature, consists of a 10 cm long line with subjective descriptive statements at both ends of the scale. The patient will be asked to place a mark on this 10 cm line indicating the level of satisfaction with the ESWL procedure (0=Not at all satisfied, 10=Very satisfied).
Measured: Up to six weeks
Continuity of treatment
The attendance of the patients to the next sessions will be checked from the follow-up list of patients undergoing ESWL in the outpatient clinic where the study was conducted and recorded on this form.
Measured: Up to six weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Feb 2025
- Study start28 May 2025
- Primary completion1 May 2026
- Study completion10 May 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for UrolithiasisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Mersin UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Prospective, parallel, two-arm, randomized controlled clinical trial
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Mersin University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Canan KANAT, Mersin University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06846723
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- MersinUESWL
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 28 Jan 2025
- Last updated
- 15 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: In order to avoid duplication, it is not intended to be shared until the research is completed.
Publications
Browne C, Redmond E, Kelly T, Rogers E, O'Malley P, Nusrat N, Jaffry S, Durkan G, Walsh K, Dowling C, D'Arcy FT. Strategies to maximise patient comfort during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy - A randomised controlled trial. Surgeon. 2021 Aug;19(4):207-211. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2020.07.002. Epub 2020 Aug 6.
PubMed 3277129913. Torki, M., Heidari, H., Norian, K., Rabieie, L., & Sedehi, M. (2022). The effect of the distraction of thought by music on pain relief in patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 24(2), 100-103.
Yanes AF, Weil A, Furlan KC, Poon E, Alam M. Effect of Stress Ball Use or Hand-holding on Anxiety During Skin Cancer Excision: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 Sep 1;154(9):1045-1049. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.1783.
PubMed 30027283Ugras GA, Kanat C, Yaman Z, Yilmaz M, Turkmenoglu MO. The Effects of Virtual Reality on Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Colorectal and Abdominal Wall Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Perianesth Nurs. 2023 Apr;38(2):277-283. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2022.07.005. Epub 2022 Oct 29.
PubMed 36319521Duzel B, Cam Yanik T, Kanat C, Altun Ugras G. The effect of acupressure on pain level and hemodynamic parameters after coronary angiography: a randomized controlled study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Jul 14;10:1173363. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1173363. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 37522084Lei M, Li G, Tang Y, Yuan J, Yang T, Gao Z. Efficacy of music therapy for pain control of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 May 31;103(22):e38182. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038182.
PubMed 39259054Sokouti M, Sokouti M, Sokouti B. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the outcomes of extracorporeal shock wave compared to ureteroscopic lithotripsy for the treatment of ureteral stones. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2023 Jun 14;18(6):1459-1471. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.06.001. eCollection 2023 Dec.
PubMed 37441243Gezginci E, Iyigun E, Yalcin S, Bedir S, Ozgok IY. Comparison of Two Different Distraction Methods Affecting the Level of Pain and Anxiety during Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Manag Nurs. 2018 Jun;19(3):295-302. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2017.09.005. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
PubMed 29248604Chen HT, Hung KC, Hsu YC, Kuo JR, Chang YJ, Chen IW, Sun CK. Efficacy of acupuncture for pain relief in patients receiving extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 2;10:1114485. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1114485. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 37332744Kanat C, Bozkul G, Kettas Dolek E, Altun Ugras G, Erdem E. The effect of a stress ball on pain, anxiety, satisfaction, and treatment continuation during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a randomized controlled trial. Urolithiasis. 2026 Oct 10;54(1):169. doi: 10.1007/s00240-026-02057-3.
PubMed 42859243
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Stress Ball on Pain, Anxiety, Satisfaction and Treatment Continuity in Patıents With Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06846723
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MersinUESWL
- Keywords
- stress ball, urolithiasis, ESWL, pain, anxiety
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Mersin UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 28 May 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 May 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), a minimally invasive procedure, is used in the treatment of urolithiasis. The shock waves used in this procedure, which does not require any incision, cause pain in the superficial structures of the body such as skin, muscles and deep structures such as costae, nerves and kidney tissue. This pain may cause patients not to tolerate the treatment, delay in recovery, decrease in the effectiveness of the treatment and decrease in satisfaction. Patients may also experience anxiety about the procedure prior to treatment. Anxious patients experience more pain during ESWL. Pain and anxiety increase the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and neuroendocrine response, leading to physiologic changes such as increased blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen requirement of the body. This may negatively affect the vital signs of the patients. Therefore, it is essential to relieve pain and anxiety in patients undergoing ESWL and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods are used for this purpose. Pharmacologic methods such as analgesics, opioids and sedative agents are used to reduce pain and anxiety in patients. Since these methods have side effects such as nausea, vomiting, gastric bleeding, respiratory depression, tachycardia, constipation, the use of non-pharmacological methods that can be applied by nurses is increasing. One of the non-pharmacologic methods is the stress ball, which uses the sense of touch to divert attention with cognitive focus. In this simple, reliable, cheap and easily accessible method, pain and anxiety are reduced by directing the mind to the attention-grabbing stimulus.
Detailed description
Urolithiasis, which affects more than 12% of the world population and is one of the most common diseases of the urinary system, is diagnosed with pain, urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis, colicky pain, hematuria, nausea, vomiting, fever and chills, foul-smelling and cloudy urine as a result of stone obstruction of the ureter. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), which is a highly minimally invasive procedure, is used in the treatment of urolithiasis in case of failure of medical treatments. This method is particularly effective for renal stones smaller than 2 cm and located in the upper ureter; however, it is also frequently preferred before surgical intervention due to its noninvasiveness and low morbidity.
In extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, high-energy shock waves are used to break the stone into small pieces that can rapidly pass through the ureters. The shock waves used in this procedure, which does not require any incision, cause pain in superficial structures of the body such as skin, muscle and deep structures such as costae, nerves and renal tissue. This pain may cause patients not to tolerate the treatment, delay in recovery, decrease in the effectiveness of the treatment and decrease in satisfaction. In addition, patients may experience anxiety about the procedure to be performed before treatment. Patients who experience anxiety experience more pain during ESWL.
Pain and anxiety increase the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and neuroendocrine response, leading to physiologic changes such as increased blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen requirement of the body. This may negatively affect the vital signs of patients. Therefore, it is essential to eliminate pain and anxiety in patients undergoing ESWL and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods are used for this purpose. Pharmacologic methods such as analgesics, opioids and sedative agents are used to reduce pain and anxiety in patients. Since these methods have side effects such as nausea, vomiting, gastric bleeding, respiratory depression, tachycardia, and constipation, the use of non-pharmacologic methods that can be applied by nurses is increasing. Stress ball, which is one of the non-pharmacologic methods, provides diversion of attention with cognitive focusing by using the sense of touch. In this simple, reliable, inexpensive and easily accessible method, pain and anxiety are reduced by directing the mind to the attention-grabbing stimulus. In the literature, studies evaluating the effect of music on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing ESWL are common; however, only two studies evaluating the effect of stress ball were found. In these studies, the effects of two different non-pharmacologic methods, both stress ball and music, were examined; however, the effects on the satisfaction levels of the patients and their attendance to ESWL sessions were not examined. In the literature, it was reported that approximately 72-75% of patients underwent three or more ESWL sessions at 7-10 day intervals. However, inadequate management of patients' pain and anxiety may adversely affect their continuity of treatment and cause them to prefer surgical intervention instead of continuing ESWL sessions. Based on this information, in this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of stress ball on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing ESWL, as well as the effect of stress ball on patients' satisfaction levels and ESWL continuation status, unlike the literature. With the findings of the study, it is planned to contribute to the literature and to provide evidence for the importance of the use of non-pharmacologic methods.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Prospective, parallel, two-arm, randomized controlled clinical trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Stress ball group | Experimental | Other: Stress ballIn addition to the routine treatment and care practices of the outpatient clinic, the patients included in the study group will be applied stress ball during ESWL. |
| Control group | No intervention | –The control group will be received routine treatment and care in the unit. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (13 listed)
- Those who agreed to participate in the study and whose verbal and written consent was obtained,
- 18 years of age or older,
- Can speak, read and write Turkish,
- Does not have any cognitive, affective and verbal problems that prevent them from communicating,
- Open to communication,
Key exclusion criteria (13 listed)
- No verbal or written authorization can be obtained,
- Under 18 years of age,
- They cannot speak, write or read Turkish,
- Have any cognitive, affective and verbal problem that prevents them from communicating,
- The one who is closed to communication,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Stress ballIn addition to the routine treatment and care practices of the outpatient clinic, the patients included in the study group will be applied stress ball during ESWL. The researcher (CK) will explain and show the patients how to apply the stress ball 10 minutes before the procedure. The stress ball will be applied during the ESWL session and a round, medium-hard, high-quality silicone ball with an average diameter of 6 cm will be used. Patients will be asked to take the ball in the palm of their hand and squeeze and release the ball once after counting to three. Patients will be instructed to continue this practice until the end of the ESWL procedure and to pay attention to the stress ball during the procedure. The ball will be washed and cleaned after each use and wiped with disposable asepsis wipes before being given to the patient. | Other | Stress ball group |
Primary outcome
Pain level
Time frame: Up to six weeks
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) will be used to determine the pain intensity of patients during and after ESWL procedure. VAS was developed to convert some values that cannot be measured numerically into numerical form. The VAS, which is an easy-to-understand, quick-to-use scale that allows meaningful comparison of measurements over time, consists of a 10 cm long line with subjective descriptive statements at both ends of the scale. The patient will be asked to place a mark on this 10 cm line indicating the level of pain during and after the ESWL procedure (0=No pain, 10=Unbearable pain). The distance from the beginning of the scale to the mark will be measured with a ruler and the pain level of the individual will be determined numerically in cm. A low score obtained from the VAS will indicate that the pain intensity of the individual is low/low and a high score will indicate that the pain intensity is high.
Anxiety level
Time frame: Up to six weeks
The State-Trait Anxiety scale, for which a Turkish validity-reliability study was conducted, will be used to determine anxiety levels before and after the procedure in patients undergoing ESWL. This scale was developed by Spielberger et al. in 1970 and can be applied to people over the age of 14. The scale consists of the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, which determines how the individual feels at a certain moment and condition, and the Trait Anxiety Scale, which determines how the individual feels regardless of the situation and condition. In the present study, the DAQ, which is structured to measure what is felt at that moment, will be used.
2 secondary outcomes
Satisfaction level
Time frame: Up to six weeks
Continuity of treatment
Time frame: Up to six weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 May 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 32771299Browne C, Redmond E, Kelly T, Rogers E, O'Malley P, Nusrat N, Jaffry S, Durkan G, Walsh K, Dowling C, D'Arcy FT. Strategies to maximise patient comfort during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy - A randomised controlled trial. Surgeon. 2021 Aug;19(4):207-211. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2020.07.002. Epub 2020 Aug 6.
- Results publication13. Torki, M., Heidari, H., Norian, K., Rabieie, L., & Sedehi, M. (2022). The effect of the distraction of thought by music on pain relief in patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 24(2), 100-103.
- Results publication: PubMed 30027283Yanes AF, Weil A, Furlan KC, Poon E, Alam M. Effect of Stress Ball Use or Hand-holding on Anxiety During Skin Cancer Excision: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 Sep 1;154(9):1045-1049. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.1783.
- Results publication: PubMed 36319521Ugras GA, Kanat C, Yaman Z, Yilmaz M, Turkmenoglu MO. The Effects of Virtual Reality on Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Colorectal and Abdominal Wall Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Perianesth Nurs. 2023 Apr;38(2):277-283. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2022.07.005. Epub 2022 Oct 29.
- Results publication: PubMed 37522084Duzel B, Cam Yanik T, Kanat C, Altun Ugras G. The effect of acupressure on pain level and hemodynamic parameters after coronary angiography: a randomized controlled study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Jul 14;10:1173363. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1173363. eCollection 2023.
- Results publication: PubMed 39259054Lei M, Li G, Tang Y, Yuan J, Yang T, Gao Z. Efficacy of music therapy for pain control of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 May 31;103(22):e38182. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038182.
- Results publication: PubMed 37441243Sokouti M, Sokouti M, Sokouti B. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the outcomes of extracorporeal shock wave compared to ureteroscopic lithotripsy for the treatment of ureteral stones. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2023 Jun 14;18(6):1459-1471. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.06.001. eCollection 2023 Dec.
- Results publication: PubMed 29248604Gezginci E, Iyigun E, Yalcin S, Bedir S, Ozgok IY. Comparison of Two Different Distraction Methods Affecting the Level of Pain and Anxiety during Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Manag Nurs. 2018 Jun;19(3):295-302. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2017.09.005. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
- Results publication: PubMed 37332744Chen HT, Hung KC, Hsu YC, Kuo JR, Chang YJ, Chen IW, Sun CK. Efficacy of acupuncture for pain relief in patients receiving extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 2;10:1114485. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1114485. eCollection 2023.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42859243Kanat C, Bozkul G, Kettas Dolek E, Altun Ugras G, Erdem E. The effect of a stress ball on pain, anxiety, satisfaction, and treatment continuation during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a randomized controlled trial. Urolithiasis. 2026 Oct 10;54(1):169. doi: 10.1007/s00240-026-02057-3.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. In order to avoid duplication, it is not intended to be shared until the research is completed.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Stress ball in people with Urolithiasis and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy, run by Mersin University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 13 inclusion and 13 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain level (time frame: Up to six weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06846723, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 May 2026.