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Periodontal DiseasesNCT06857474

The Effect of Bristle Brush, Rubber Cup, and Air Polishing on Tooth Surface Roughness of Scaled Teeth

A study testing Bristle Brush Polishing, Rubber Cup Polishing and Air Polishing in people with Periodontal Diseases and Tooth Abrasion, run by Khyber Medical University Peshawar at 1 site in Pakistan.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This study investigates the effects of three polishing methods using a bristle brush, rubber cup, and air polishing on the surface roughness of scaled human teeth. The study aims to determine which polishing method is most effective in minimizing roughness and preventing plaque accumulation, thus contributing to… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
What is being tested?
Bristle Brush Polishing, Rubber Cup Polishing and Air Polishing
Type of treatment
Surgery or procedure
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
56 participants
Where
1 sitePakistan
Study dates
1 Apr 2025to 15 Dec 2025
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Extracted human teeth with intact buccal or lingual surfaces.
  • Patients with a history of trauma affecting the oral cavity will be eligible, provided they meet other criteria (e.g., intact buccal or lingual surfaces).
  • Male and female patients aged 18 years and above.

Who cannot join

  • Teeth with restorations, caries, fractures, or significant developmental defects (e.g., amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta , fluorosis etc).
  • Patients with systemic disease such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders or any other condition will be excluded.
  • Mentally impaired patient.
  • Patients who have undergone scaling and polishing within the last 3 months.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Pakistan1 site

  • Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar

    Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25000

Other trials in Pakistan

About this study

Official title: The Effect of Bristle Brush, Rubber Cup, and Air Polishing on Tooth Surface Roughness of Scaled Teeth: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study Using Scanning Electron Microscope: Randomized Controlled Trial

This study investigates the effects of three polishing methods using a bristle brush, rubber cup, and air polishing on the surface roughness of scaled human teeth. The study aims to determine which polishing method is most effective in minimizing roughness and preventing plaque accumulation, thus contributing to improved oral health practices.

Read the detailed description

Tooth surface roughness influences plaque retention and periodontal health. Polishing after scaling helps smoothen enamel surfaces, reducing bacterial adhesion. While various studies have assessed polishing techniques, there are inconsistencies in findings, particularly regarding air polishing vs. rubber cup polishing. Additionally, most studies focus on bovine teeth or indirect restorative materials rather than extracted human teeth. Using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, 56 extracted teeth will be divided into four groups: a control group (no polishing) and three experimental groups subjected to different polishing techniques. Surface roughness will be analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). This study aims to fill these research gaps and provide region-specific data by determining which polishing method is most effective in minimizing roughness and preventing plaque accumulation, thus contributing to improved oral health practices.

Being tested
Bristle Brush Polishing, Rubber Cup Polishing, Air Polishing, Ultrasonic Scaling
Keywords
Tooth roughness, Dental polishing, Bristal Brush, Periodontology
Medical subject headings
Periodontal Diseases, Tooth Abrasion, Dental Plaque

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Bristle Brush PolishingProcedure or surgery

    After ultrasonic scaling, teeth will be polished using a bristle brush attached to a low-speed contra-angle handpiece with prophylaxis paste in a circular motion for 10 seconds.

  • Rubber Cup PolishingProcedure or surgery

    After ultrasonic scaling, teeth will be polished using a rubber cup attached to a low-speed contra-angle handpiece with prophylaxis paste in a circular motion for 10 seconds.

  • Air PolishingProcedure or surgery

    After ultrasonic scaling, teeth will be polished using sodium bicarbonate air polishing with an air polishing device in a circular motion for 10 seconds.

  • Ultrasonic ScalingProcedure or surgery

    Teeth in the control group will undergo ultrasonic scaling only, with no additional polishing procedures.

Study groups in NCT06857474
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Bristle Brush Polishing GroupExperimentalAfter ultrasonic scaling, teeth will be polished using a bristle brush attached to a low-speed contra-angle handpiece with prophylaxis paste in a circular motion for 10 seconds.
Receives: Procedure: Bristle Brush Polishing
Rubber Cup Polishing GroupExperimentalAfter ultrasonic scaling, teeth will be polished using a rubber cup attached to a low-speed contra-angle handpiece with prophylaxis paste in a circular motion for 10 seconds.
Receives: Procedure: Rubber Cup Polishing
Air Polishing GroupExperimentalAfter ultrasonic scaling, teeth will be polished using sodium bicarbonate air polishing with an air polishing device in a circular motion for 10 seconds.
Receives: Procedure: Air Polishing
Control GroupActive comparatorTeeth in this group will undergo ultrasonic scaling only, with no additional polishing procedures.
Receives: Procedure: Ultrasonic Scaling

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Tooth Surface Roughness

    The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) and root mean square roughness (Rq) of the enamel surface will be measured using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis and ImageJ software. This will assess the effectiveness of different polishing techniques in reducing surface roughness after ultrasonic scaling.

    Measured: Immediately after intervention (post-polishing SEM analysis).

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted4 Mar 2025
  2. Study start1 Apr 2025
  3. Primary completion28 Sep 2025
  4. Study completion15 Dec 2025

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
The study compares the effects of three different polishing methods (bristle brush, rubber cup, and air polishing) on tooth surface roughness in a randomized controlled trial with a control group.
Masking
Double blind
Who is masked
Participant, Care provider
Enrolment
56 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06857474
Sponsor's protocol ID
KMU/DIR/CTU/2024/014
Status last verified
Jan 2026
First submitted
26 Feb 2025
Last updated
8 Jan 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: The study will share de-identified individual participant data (IPD), including surface roughness measurements obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, as well as statistical findings related to different polishing techniques. The shared dataset will help researchers conduct secondary analyses and compare results with similar studies.

Publications

  • Al-Amri I, Albounni R, Binalrimal S. Evaluation of the effect of soft drinks on the surface roughness of dental enamel in natural human teeth. F1000Res. 2021 Nov 10;10:1138. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.55556.1. eCollection 2021.

    PubMed 35186274

  • Mohabatpour F, Chen X, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Novel trends, challenges and new perspectives for enamel repair and regeneration to treat dental defects. Biomater Sci. 2022 Jun 14;10(12):3062-3087. doi: 10.1039/d2bm00072e.

    PubMed 35543379

  • Jakubovics NS, Goodman SD, Mashburn-Warren L, Stafford GP, Cieplik F. The dental plaque biofilm matrix. Periodontol 2000. 2021 Jun;86(1):32-56. doi: 10.1111/prd.12361. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

    PubMed 33690911

  • Wei Y, Dang GP, Ren ZY, Wan MC, Wang CY, Li HB, Zhang T, Tay FR, Niu LN. Recent advances in the pathogenesis and prevention strategies of dental calculus. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2024 Jul 13;10(1):56. doi: 10.1038/s41522-024-00529-1.

    PubMed 39003275

  • Chowdhary Z, Mohan R. Efficiency of three different polishing methods on enamel and cementum: A scanning electron microscope study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2018 Jan-Feb;22(1):18-24. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_40_17.

    PubMed 29568167

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Bristle Brush Polishing, Rubber Cup Polishing and Air Polishing in people with Periodontal Diseases and Tooth Abrasion, run by Khyber Medical University Peshawar at 1 site in Pakistan.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Tooth Surface Roughness (time frame: Immediately after intervention (post-polishing SEM analysis).). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06857474, which also lists 5 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Jan 2026.

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