FeasibilityNCT06861400
A Digital Resilience Intervention for Emergency Medical Service Workers
A study testing Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training in people with Feasibility and Acceptability, run by Syracuse University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Emergency medical service (EMS) workers (i.e., ambulance service providers) experience triple the risk for anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to the general U.S. population. These mental disorders impact health and well-being across the life course. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Feasibility, Acceptability, Adoptability
- What is being tested?
- Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 83 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 28 Jun 2023to 20 Dec 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Full-time or part-time employee at an emergency medical service agency
- ≥ 18 years of age
- ≥ 1 emergency medical service shift scheduled in the next 8 days from recruitment date.
Who cannot join
- Not a full-time or part-time employee at an emergency medical service agency
- < 18 years of age
- < 1 emergency medical service shift scheduled in the next 8 days from recruitment date.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training for Emergency Medical Service Personnel
Emergency medical service (EMS) workers (i.e., ambulance service providers) experience triple the risk for anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to the general U.S. population. These mental disorders impact health and well-being across the life course. Thus, there is a critical need for interventions targeting key risk factors that can reduce EMS workers' mental health risk. Chronic stress represents such a risk factor and is a routine feature of the EMS profession due to the demands of providing emergency medical care. Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training (SRR-RAPT) promotes finding positive meaning in stressors by building self-awareness of the coping and regulatory responses used to manage them; evaluating those responses; adapting them based upon their perceived effectiveness; and developing a plan for managing similar stressors in the future based on what can be learned from the current situation. In addition to prompting self-monitoring and active reflection on stressors and coping responses, SRR-RAPT encourages practicing recovery activities that permit a person's stressor induced strain level to return to baseline. The primary objective of the current study is to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and adoptability of SRR-RAPT among EMS personnel. A secondary objective was to examine the intervention's effect on hypothesized mechanisms of action predicted to vary in response to the intervention, as well as consider the intervention's ability to reduce mental health symptoms. It is hypothesized that the intervention will be associated with more positive meaning made, adaptive self-reflection, recovery activities, and recovery experiences, as well as lower levels of mental health symptoms.
- Conditions
- Feasibility, Acceptability, Adoptability, Meaning Made, Adaptive Self-reflection, Recovery Activities
- Being tested
- Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training
- Keywords
- Emergency Medical Service Personnel, Psychological Resilience
- Medical subject headings
- Combat Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Depression
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion TrainingBehavioural
Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training (SRR-RAPT) promotes finding positive meaning in stressors by building self-awareness of the coping and regulatory responses used to manage them; evaluating those responses; adapting them based upon their perceived effectiveness; and developing a plan for managing similar stressors in the future based on what can be learned from the current situation. In addition to prompting self-monitoring and active reflection on stressors and coping responses, SRR-RAPT encourages practicing recovery activities that permit a person's stressor induced strain level to return to baseline. SRR-RAPT is administered daily for 8 consecutive days.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training (SRR-RAPT) | Experimental | Receives Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training (SRR-RAPT) Receives: Behavioral: Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training |
| Usual Care | No intervention | Does not receive SRR-RAPT. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Time period required to achieve target sample size
The number of months it takes to recruit the number of participants necessary to reach the target sample size.
Measured: From study initiation until at least 80 participants are recruited, up to 12 months
Number of participants recruited and randomized each week of the study
A count of the number of participants who are recruited and randomized each week that the study is taking place.
Measured: From study initiation until at least 80 participants are recruited, up to 12 months
Acceptability
Assessed with 3 items asking about respondents' perceptions that the intervention was helpful ("I found that answering the questions about managing stressful experiences and practicing recovery behaviors was helpful"); useful ("I found that answering the questions about managing stressful experiences and practicing recovery behaviors was useful"); and not burdensome ("I found that answering the questions about managing stressful experiences and practicing recovery behaviors was not too burdensome"). Respondents rated each item on a scale ranging from 1 ("Strongly Disagree") to 5 ("Strongly Agree"). Ratings are summed to yield a total daily score.
Measured: Day 8 of the intervention
Adoptability
Assessed with 3 items asking about respondents intention to use what they had learned from the intervention in the future ("I will keep using these questions to help manage stressful experiences and practice recovery activities in the future." "I will try to use these questions in the future when managing stressful experiences and trying to practice recovery activities." "I plan to use some of the approaches that I came up with in my responses to the questions about managing stressful experiences and practicing recovery behaviors in the future"). Respondents rate each item on a scale ranging from 1 ("Strongly Disagree") to 5 ("Strongly Agree"). Ratings are summed to yield a total daily score.
Measured: Day 8 of the intervention
Secondary outcomes (7)
Meaning Made
Assessed using 3 items with the highest factor loadings on the positive reframing, acceptance, and religion subscales of the Brief COPE plus one additional item representing growth ("I identified lessons that I can learn from the challenge"). Respondents rate how much they performed the strategy described in response to any stressful or challenging experiences they encountered today. Ratings are made on a scale ranging from 1 ("Not at all") to 4 ("I did this a lot"). Ratings are summed to yield a total daily score.
Measured: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
Adaptive Self-Reflection
Derived from 3 items used in prior research. Each day respondents rate how much they agree with the following statements describing how they reacted to challenging and stressful events they encountered today: "I noticed the strategies that I used to cope with today's stress experiences", "I considered how I approach stressful experiences in my life", and "After attempting to deal with any of today's stressful experiences, I thought about how well my approach worked." Ratings are made on a scale ranging from 1 ("Strongly Disagree") to 5 ("Strongly Agree"). Ratings are summed to yield a total daily score.
Measured: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
Recovery Activities
Pittsburgh Enjoyable Activities Test. For each item, respondents indicate whether they did the activity described today when they were not working ("Yes" vs "No"). Endorsed items are summed to yield a total daily count.
Measured: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
Recovery Experiences
Derived from 8 items with the highest factor loadings from the detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control subscales of the Recovery Experiences Questionnaire. Respondents report how much they agree with each statement describing what they did during their off-job time today on a scale ranging from 1 ("Totally Disagree") to 5 ("Totally Agree"). Ratings are summed to yield a total daily score.
Measured: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
PTSD Symptom Severity
Short -form of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Each day respondents rate how bothered they are by PTSD symptoms on a scale ranging from 0 ("Not at all") to 4 ("Extremely"). Ratings are summed to yield a total daily score.
Measured: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
Depression Symptom Severity
PROMIS-dep-4a questionnaire. Each day respondents rate the extent they experienced depression symptoms on a scale ranging from 1 ("Not at all") to 5 ("All of the time"). Ratings are summed to yield a total daily score.
Measured: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
Anxiety Symptom Severity
PROMIS-anx-4a questionnaire. Each day respondents rate the extent they experienced anxiety symptoms on a scale ranging from 1 ("Not at all") to 5 ("All of the time"). Ratings are summed to yield a total daily score.
Measured: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Mar 2025
- Study start28 Jun 2023
- Primary completion20 Dec 2023
- Study completion20 Dec 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for FeasibilityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 83 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Syracuse University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Bryce Hruska, Syracuse University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06861400
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 11-3278-2022
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 24 Feb 2025
- Last updated
- 10 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Cella D, Choi SW, Condon DM, Schalet B, Hays RD, Rothrock NE, Yount S, Cook KF, Gershon RC, Amtmann D, DeWalt DA, Pilkonis PA, Stone AA, Weinfurt K, Reeve BB. PROMIS(R) Adult Health Profiles: Efficient Short-Form Measures of Seven Health Domains. Value Health. 2019 May;22(5):537-544. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2019.02.004.
PubMed 31104731Zuromski KL, Ustun B, Hwang I, Keane TM, Marx BP, Stein MB, Ursano RJ, Kessler RC. Developing an optimal short-form of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Depress Anxiety. 2019 Sep;36(9):790-800. doi: 10.1002/da.22942. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
PubMed 31356709Sonnentag S, Fritz C. The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. J Occup Health Psychol. 2007 Jul;12(3):204-21. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.204.
PubMed 17638488Pressman SD, Matthews KA, Cohen S, Martire LM, Scheier M, Baum A, Schulz R. Association of enjoyable leisure activities with psychological and physical well-being. Psychosom Med. 2009 Sep;71(7):725-32. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181ad7978. Epub 2009 Jul 10.
PubMed 19592515Cooper C, Katona C, Livingston G. Validity and reliability of the brief COPE in carers of people with dementia: the LASER-AD Study. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2008 Nov;196(11):838-43. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31818b504c.
PubMed 19008735Carver CS. You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the brief COPE. Int J Behav Med. 1997;4(1):92-100. doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6.
PubMed 16250744
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training for Emergency Medical Service Personnel
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06861400
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 11-3278-2022
- Conditions
- Feasibility, Acceptability, Adoptability, Meaning Made, Adaptive Self-reflection, Recovery Activities
- Keywords
- Emergency Medical Service Personnel, Psychological Resilience
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 83 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Syracuse UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 28 Jun 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Dec 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Emergency medical service (EMS) workers (i.e., ambulance service providers) experience triple the risk for anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to the general U.S. population. These mental disorders impact health and well-being across the life course. Thus, there is a critical need for interventions targeting key risk factors that can reduce EMS workers' mental health risk. Chronic stress represents such a risk factor and is a routine feature of the EMS profession due to the demands of providing emergency medical care. Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training (SRR-RAPT) promotes finding positive meaning in stressors by building self-awareness of the coping and regulatory responses used to manage them; evaluating those responses; adapting them based upon their perceived effectiveness; and developing a plan for managing similar stressors in the future based on what can be learned from the current situation. In addition to prompting self-monitoring and active reflection on stressors and coping responses, SRR-RAPT encourages practicing recovery activities that permit a person's stressor induced strain level to return to baseline. The primary objective of the current study is to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and adoptability of SRR-RAPT among EMS personnel. A secondary objective was to examine the intervention's effect on hypothesized mechanisms of action predicted to vary in response to the intervention, as well as consider the intervention's ability to reduce mental health symptoms. It is hypothesized that the intervention will be associated with more positive meaning made, adaptive self-reflection, recovery activities, and recovery experiences, as well as lower levels of mental health symptoms.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training (SRR-RAPT) | Experimental | Behavioral: Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion TrainingReceives Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training (SRR-RAPT) |
| Usual Care | No intervention | –Does not receive SRR-RAPT. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Full-time or part-time employee at an emergency medical service agency
- ≥ 18 years of age
- ≥ 1 emergency medical service shift scheduled in the next 8 days from recruitment date.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Not a full-time or part-time employee at an emergency medical service agency
- < 18 years of age
- < 1 emergency medical service shift scheduled in the next 8 days from recruitment date.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion TrainingSelf-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training (SRR-RAPT) promotes finding positive meaning in stressors by building self-awareness of the coping and regulatory responses used to manage them; evaluating those responses; adapting them based upon their perceived effectiveness; and developing a plan for managing similar stressors in the future based on what can be learned from the current situation. In addition to prompting self-monitoring and active reflection on stressors and coping responses, SRR-RAPT encourages practicing recovery activities that permit a person's stressor induced strain level to return to baseline. SRR-RAPT is administered daily for 8 consecutive days. | Behavioural | Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training (SRR-RAPT) |
Primary outcome
Time period required to achieve target sample size
Time frame: From study initiation until at least 80 participants are recruited, up to 12 months
The number of months it takes to recruit the number of participants necessary to reach the target sample size.
Number of participants recruited and randomized each week of the study
Time frame: From study initiation until at least 80 participants are recruited, up to 12 months
A count of the number of participants who are recruited and randomized each week that the study is taking place.
Acceptability
Time frame: Day 8 of the intervention
Assessed with 3 items asking about respondents' perceptions that the intervention was helpful ("I found that answering the questions about managing stressful experiences and practicing recovery behaviors was helpful"); useful ("I found that answering the questions about managing stressful experiences and practicing recovery behaviors was useful"); and not burdensome ("I found that answering the questions about managing stressful experiences and practicing recovery behaviors was not too burdensome"). Respondents rated each item on a scale ranging from 1 ("Strongly Disagree") to 5 ("Strongly Agree"). Ratings are summed to yield a total daily score.
Adoptability
Time frame: Day 8 of the intervention
Assessed with 3 items asking about respondents intention to use what they had learned from the intervention in the future ("I will keep using these questions to help manage stressful experiences and practice recovery activities in the future." "I will try to use these questions in the future when managing stressful experiences and trying to practice recovery activities." "I plan to use some of the approaches that I came up with in my responses to the questions about managing stressful experiences and practicing recovery behaviors in the future"). Respondents rate each item on a scale ranging from 1 ("Strongly Disagree") to 5 ("Strongly Agree"). Ratings are summed to yield a total daily score.
7 secondary outcomes
Meaning Made
Time frame: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
Adaptive Self-Reflection
Time frame: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
Recovery Activities
Time frame: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
Recovery Experiences
Time frame: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
PTSD Symptom Severity
Time frame: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
Depression Symptom Severity
Time frame: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
Anxiety Symptom Severity
Time frame: Days 1 to 8 of the intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Mar 2025.
- Background: PubMed 31104731Cella D, Choi SW, Condon DM, Schalet B, Hays RD, Rothrock NE, Yount S, Cook KF, Gershon RC, Amtmann D, DeWalt DA, Pilkonis PA, Stone AA, Weinfurt K, Reeve BB. PROMIS(R) Adult Health Profiles: Efficient Short-Form Measures of Seven Health Domains. Value Health. 2019 May;22(5):537-544. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2019.02.004.
- Background: PubMed 31356709Zuromski KL, Ustun B, Hwang I, Keane TM, Marx BP, Stein MB, Ursano RJ, Kessler RC. Developing an optimal short-form of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Depress Anxiety. 2019 Sep;36(9):790-800. doi: 10.1002/da.22942. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
- Background: PubMed 17638488Sonnentag S, Fritz C. The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. J Occup Health Psychol. 2007 Jul;12(3):204-21. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.204.
- Background: PubMed 19592515Pressman SD, Matthews KA, Cohen S, Martire LM, Scheier M, Baum A, Schulz R. Association of enjoyable leisure activities with psychological and physical well-being. Psychosom Med. 2009 Sep;71(7):725-32. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181ad7978. Epub 2009 Jul 10.
- Background: PubMed 19008735Cooper C, Katona C, Livingston G. Validity and reliability of the brief COPE in carers of people with dementia: the LASER-AD Study. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2008 Nov;196(11):838-43. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31818b504c.
- Background: PubMed 16250744Carver CS. You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the brief COPE. Int J Behav Med. 1997;4(1):92-100. doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Self-Reflective Resilience-Recovery Activity Promotion Training in people with Feasibility and Acceptability, run by Syracuse University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Time period required to achieve target sample size (time frame: From study initiation until at least 80 participants are recruited, up to 12 months). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06861400, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Mar 2025.