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Parkinson's Disease (PD)NCT06861933

The Effects of Scapulohumeral Rehabilitation on Scapula Kinematics and Upper Extremity Functionality in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease

A study testing Physiotherapy and rehabilitation in people with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, run by Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

With this study, individuals diagnosed with PD in Burdur province in Turkey will be provided with a physiotherapy and rehabilitation program for the upper extremity, and it is thought that the treatment received by both groups will have a positive effect on the functionality of the individuals. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 40 to 80 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
What is being tested?
Physiotherapy and rehabilitation
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
28 participants
Where
2 sitesTurkey (Türkiye)
Study dates
1 Apr 2025to 19 Jun 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 40 to 80 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • For the intervention group:
  • Having been diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease
  • Being between 1-3 according to the Hoehn \& Yahr staging
  • For the control group:
  • Being of the same age and gender as the individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease included in the study

Who cannot join

  • For the intervention group:
  • Refusing to participate in the study
  • Having a full-thickness rotator cuff muscle rupture
  • Having a history of humerus, clavicle, scapula or shoulder surgery
  • Having a history of humerus, clavicle, scapula or shoulder fracture
  • Having a history of any other disease that may affect the ability to stand independently
Show all 17Show fewer
  • For the control group:
  • Refusing to participate in the study
  • Having a full-thickness rupture of the rotator cuff muscles
  • Having a history of humerus, clavicle, scapula or shoulder surgery
  • Having a history of humerus, clavicle, scapula or shoulder fracture
  • Study Exclusion Criteria for Volunteers:
  • Failure to complete the tests included in the study
  • Failure to comply with the study schedule, failure to complete sessions
  • Incomplete data
  • Failure to attend 3 consecutive sessions
  • Voluntary withdrawal

Trial locations and contacts

2 sites in 1 country.

Turkey (Türkiye)2 sites

  • Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

    Burdur, Burdur, 15030

  • Pamukkale University

    Denizli, Denizli, 20200

Other trials in Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Official title: The Effects of Scapulohumeral Rehabilitation on Scapula Kinematics and Upper Extremity Functionality in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease: A Single Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

With this study, individuals diagnosed with PD in Burdur province in Turkey will be provided with a physiotherapy and rehabilitation program for the upper extremity, and it is thought that the treatment received by both groups will have a positive effect on the functionality of the individuals. According to the results of our study, it will be determined whether the scapula kinematics and upper extremity functionality of individuals diagnosed with PD are different from healthy individuals of the same age and gender. After the intervention programs applied to the individuals, it is thought that it will contribute to the physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs of individuals with PD by determining whether the scapulohumeral rehabilitation program is superior to the upper extremity neurorehabilitation program.

Being tested
Physiotherapy and rehabilitation
Keywords
Parkinson's Disease, Phsyiotherapy and rehabilitation, upper extremity, neurorehabilitation, scapulahumeral rehabilitation

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Physiotherapy and rehabilitationOther

    Also called Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation, neurorehabilitation

    It is reported in the literature that scapulohumeral rehabilitation applied in primary shoulder pathologies is effective. In neurological diseases, a study was found in which scapulohumeral rehabilitation was applied to individuals diagnosed with stroke and reported that it was effective. However, when the literature was examined, no study was found in which scapulohumeral rehabilitation was applied to individuals diagnosed with PD. Therefore, our aim is to compare the effectiveness of the scapulohumeral rehabilitation program to be applied for shoulder dysfunction, which is thought to be one of the early findings in PD and is reported to be related to other main findings in PD, with the upper extremity neurorehabilitation program.

Study groups in NCT06861933
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Group 1: Scapulohumeral RehabilitationExperimentalThe scapulohumeral rehabilitation group will receive 20 minutes of scapulohumeral exercises in addition to the 10-minute neurorehabilitation program. Scapulohumeral Exercises: Scapular mobilization, scapular retraction, protraction, elevation in the scapular plane and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercises with the repeated contractions method. The exercises will be applied according to the functional capacities of the individuals in the supine, sitting and standing positions with 10 repetitions at the beginning, without weights, using free weights and resistance bands, and the number of repetitions and sets will be progressed every week. The intervention groups will receive a total of 21 treatment sessions, 3 days a week for 7 weeks.
Receives: Other: Physiotherapy and rehabilitation
Group 2: Upper Extremity NeurorehabilitationExperimentalIn addition to the 10-minute neurorehabilitation program, a 20-minute upper extremity neurorehabilitation exercises and a total of 30 minutes of physiotherapy and rehabilitation program will be applied. Scapular retraction, protraction, elevation movements will be performed in the form of Wand exercises with the help of a stick or cane. Exercises will be progressed by increasing the number of repetitions and sets in supine, sitting and standing positions according to the functional level of the participants. The intervention groups will receive a total of 21 treatment sessions, 3 days a week for 7 weeks.
Receives: Other: Physiotherapy and rehabilitation
Control GroupNo interventionThe control group will consist of healthy volunteers of the same age and gender as individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD). The control group will not receive any physiotherapy or rehabilitation program and will only receive relevant assessments to compare with the results of individuals with PD.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Scapular Index

    It is calculated with the formula (distance between sternal notch - coracoid process / posterolateral angle of acromion - horizontal distance between thoracic spine) x 100.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks

  2. Pectoralis Minor Index

    It is calculated with the formula Pectoralis Minor Index = (Pectoralis Minor Length / Participant's height) x 100.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks

  3. Lateral Scapular Slide Test

    In the Lateral Scapular Slide Test, the distance to the thoracic spinous process corresponding to the inferior angle of the scapula is measured in three different positions: arms relaxed at the sides, hands on the iliac crest, and arm in 90-degree shoulder abduction and full internal rotation. The distances between the two sides are compared. A difference of more than 1.5 cm between the two sides is considered asymmetric.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks

  4. Box and Block Test

    150 small wooden cubes are filled from the box where the patient's hand is to be tested to the box next to it. The patient is asked to throw one cube at a time into the empty box next to it. The number of cubes thrown in 60 seconds is counted. The result gives the score. The test is repeated for both hands.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks

  5. Upper Extremity Functional Index

    It is a scale developed by Stratford et al. in 2001 and consists of twenty activity questions. The person scores between 0-4 according to the difficulty of doing the activity. The lowest score in total is 0, the highest score is 80. Low scores indicate that the person has difficulty doing the activity due to the condition of the upper extremity.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks

  6. Ultrasound

    During the evaluation, the patient will be in a sitting position, with the arm next to the body, the forearm in supination and the elbow in full extension. Supraspinatus muscle thickness measurement will be performed by positioning the probe on the fossa supraspinata of the scapula, perpendicular to the skin, along the muscle fibers. The hyperechogenic bone cortex of the fossa supraspinata will be accepted as the landmark. When the muscle fibers are visualized, the thickness of the supraspinatus muscle will be measured from the level where the muscle is observed to be thickest. For the infraspinatus muscle thickness measurement, the hyperechogenic bone cortex of the fossa infraspinata of the scapula will be accepted as the landmark, and the probe will be placed perpendicular to the skin, along the muscle fibers. After the muscle fibers are visualized, the thickness of the infraspinatus muscle will be measured from the level where the muscle is observed to be thickest.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks

Secondary outcomes (6)

  1. Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

    VAS is a 10-centimeter (cm) scale where 0 is defined as "no pain" and 10 is defined as "unbearable pain". It is a valid and reliable method for assessing the severity of musculoskeletal pain and is frequently used in clinical studies. In a study conducted on patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, VAS values less than 3.4 cm were classified as mild pain, VAS values between 3.5 and 7.4 cm were classified as moderate pain, and VAS values greater than 7.5 cm were classified as severe pain. The participants' pain severity will be assessed with VAS for resting and activity conditions.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks

  2. King's Parkinson's Pain Scale

    Consists of 14 items divided into seven different areas. Each item is scored by multiplying the severity (0 [no pain] 3 [very severe pain]) (0 [never] 4 [always]). The areas and score ranges are: musculoskeletal pain (0-12 points); chronic pain (0-24 points); pain associated with fluctuation (0-36 points); night pain (0-24 points); orofacial pain (0-36 points); color change, edema (0-24 points); radicular pain (0-12 points).

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks

  3. Range of Motion

    Participants' shoulder flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation movements will be evaluated with a manual goniometer. The angle at which shoulder pain develops in active and passive movements will be recorded.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks

  4. Scapula Angles

    The scapula will be evaluated with the inclinometer in three different positions: at rest, with the shoulder at 45 degrees of flexion and 90 degrees of flexion. The difference between the right and left sides will be compared.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks

  5. New York Posture Rating Chart

    Postural changes in 13 different body segments based on observation are scored as 1 point (marked deviation), 3 points (slight deviation), or 5 points (correct posture). The total score ranges from 13 to 65 points, with higher scores indicating correct/normal postural alignment.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks

  6. PostureScreen Mobile Smartphone Application

    It is an image-based method that takes photographs of individuals in the sagittal and frontal planes. The application calculates postural variables using the individual's anatomical points that are digitally marked depending on the number of variables of interest. This process of digitally marking the points consists of drawing the boundaries of anatomical reference points (pelvic iliac crests, greater trochanter, femoral condyle, and ear lobule) directly on the mobile device screen. Body angles are then calculated. As a result, it provides an output file containing the values of the postural variables and images showing the digitized points and their positions relative to a neutral posture.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted6 Mar 2025
  2. Study start1 Apr 2025
  3. Primary completion30 Jan 2026
  4. Study completion19 Jun 2026

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Participant
Enrolment
28 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06861933
Sponsor's protocol ID
E-60116787-020-491421
Status last verified
Sep 2025
First submitted
26 Feb 2025
Last updated
9 Oct 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Aktas I, Unlu Ozkan F. Pectoralis minor syndrome. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2022 Nov 22;68(4):447-455. doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2023.12037. eCollection 2022 Dec.

    PubMed 36589355

  • Yu IY, Choo YK, Kim MH, Oh JS. The effects of pressure biofeedback training on infraspinatus muscle activity and muscle thickness. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2018 Apr;39:81-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.01.007. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

    PubMed 29454230

  • Boehm TD, Kirschner S, Mueller T, Sauer U, Gohlke FE. Dynamic ultrasonography of rotator cuff muscles. J Clin Ultrasound. 2005 Jun;33(5):207-13. doi: 10.1002/jcu.20124.

    PubMed 16047388

  • Kretic D, Turk T, Rotim T, Saric G. Reliability of Ultrasound Measurement of Muscle Thickness in Patients with Supraspinatus Tendon Pathology. Acta Clin Croat. 2018 Jun;57(2):335-341. doi: 10.20471/acc.2018.57.02.15.

    PubMed 30431728

  • Moreira R, Teles A, Fialho R et al. Mobile Applications for Assessing Human Posture: A Systematic Literature Review. Electronics. 2020; (8):1196. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081196

  • McRoberts LB, Cloud RM, Black CM. Evaluation of the New York Posture Rating Chart for assessing changes in postural alignment in a garment study. Cloth Text Res J 2013;31:81-96. DOI: 10.1177/0887302X13480558

  • Aytar A, Yuruk ZO, Tuzun EH, Baltaci G, Karatas M, Eker L. The Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI): cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2015;28(3):489-95. doi: 10.3233/BMR-140545.

    PubMed 25322741

  • Mathiowetz V, Volland G, Kashman N, Weber K. Adult norms for the Box and Block Test of manual dexterity. Am J Occup Ther. 1985 Jun;39(6):386-91. doi: 10.5014/ajot.39.6.386.

    PubMed 3160243

  • Shadmehr A, Azarsa MH, Jalaie S. Inter- and intrarater reliability of modified lateral scapular slide test in healthy athletic men. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:384149. doi: 10.1155/2014/384149. Epub 2014 May 13.

    PubMed 24900963

  • Borstad JD, Ludewig PM. The effect of long versus short pectoralis minor resting length on scapular kinematics in healthy individuals. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005 Apr;35(4):227-38. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2005.35.4.227.

    PubMed 15901124

  • Borstad JD. Resting position variables at the shoulder: evidence to support a posture-impairment association. Phys Ther. 2006 Apr;86(4):549-57.

    PubMed 16579671

  • Chaudhuri KR, Rizos A, Trenkwalder C, Rascol O, Pal S, Martino D, Carroll C, Paviour D, Falup-Pecurariu C, Kessel B, Silverdale M, Todorova A, Sauerbier A, Odin P, Antonini A, Martinez-Martin P; EUROPAR and the IPMDS Non Motor PD Study Group. King's Parkinson's disease pain scale, the first scale for pain in PD: An international validation. Mov Disord. 2015 Oct;30(12):1623-31. doi: 10.1002/mds.26270. Epub 2015 Jun 11.

    PubMed 26096067

  • Boonstra AM, Schiphorst Preuper HR, Balk GA, Stewart RE. Cut-off points for mild, moderate, and severe pain on the visual analogue scale for pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Pain. 2014 Dec;155(12):2545-2550. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.014. Epub 2014 Sep 17.

    PubMed 25239073

  • Boonstra AM, Schiphorst Preuper HR, Reneman MF, Posthumus JB, Stewart RE. Reliability and validity of the visual analogue scale for disability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Int J Rehabil Res. 2008 Jun;31(2):165-9. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3282fc0f93.

    PubMed 18467932

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Physiotherapy and rehabilitation in people with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, run by Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 17 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Scapular Index (time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 7 weeks). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06861933, which also lists 14 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Oct 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.

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