Myocardial Infarction (MI)(CWTPEI)NCT06871943
Can Wearable Technology be Used to Predict Exercise Intensity
An observational study of Myocardial Infarction (MI), run by Keele University.
Trial summary
There is a knowledge gap in the literature around using watts to measure exercise intensity in walking and running, this is largely due to new technological developments. Whereas the relationship is widely recognised and used for cycling in elite to clinical populations. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Myocardial Infarction (MI)
- What is being tested?
- Incremental Shuttle Walk Tests
- How many people
- 24 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2026to 30 Jun 2027
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Participants must have suffered an myocardial infraction in the last 6 months and be actively participating in the cardiac rehabilitation programme at the University Hospital of North Midlands in the United Kingdom
Who may be able to join
- Myocardial Infraction in the past 6 months
- Able to walk on a treadmill
- Aged ≥ 18
Who cannot join
- Injury or condition that impedes normal gait
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: Developing a Rationale for the Use of Breathing Frequency and Wearable Foot-pods to Measure Intensity in Cardiac Populations
There is a knowledge gap in the literature around using watts to measure exercise intensity in walking and running, this is largely due to new technological developments. Whereas the relationship is widely recognised and used for cycling in elite to clinical populations.
While the relationship breathing rate and exercise intensity is well established, this are no guidelines using breathing rate as a physiological measure of intensity. New technology may aid to bridge these gaps.
Read more
The main aims of the study are: -
Can the relationship between oxygen uptake and watts during incremental exercise Can breathing frequency be used to determine aerobic exercise intensity
The participants will complete two 9 minute incremental accredited exercise tests on the flat around cones and on treadmill at the given speed of walking around the cones. The test will stop at 6.8kph or at participant volition.
Read the detailed description
The experimental feasibility study involves testing if the wearable technology (Stryd accelerometer) can translate work rate into an accurate measurement of watts (energy produced) within cardiac populations, when compared to V̇o2 consumed. While also testing to see the measured relationship between breathing rate and exercise induced exertion levels. The testing will involve participants working to a sub maximal incremental shuttle walk test pace on treadmill (unto 6.8kph) and following standard procedure on the flat around cones. They will be wearing a Stryd accelerometer attached to their training shoes and Respa breathing monitor attached to their lapel or t-shirt. V̇o2 will be measured using a Cortex Metalyzer 3B. All participants will perform the testing twice in a counter balanced order (i.e participant one will perform the treadmill first, while the next will perform the testing on the flat around cones).
Participants will be recruited from the cardiac rehabilitation team at the University Hospital of the North Midlands.
The pace of the treadmill will be in line with the constant walking pace required to achieve a steady state at each level of the incremental shuttle walk test protocol. The treadmill will not be an incline as normal testing is on flat surface. The Stryd and Respa will be linked to a mobile device where watts and breathing frequency readings will be gathered, progression to the next stage will be at one minute.
Each test lasts for 9 minutes, with a 15-minute recovery period between tests and pre and post exercise tests, participation will take approximately 1 hour. Post testing the participant can remove the device and face mask; while being encouraged to cool down until heart rate is within 20 beats of resting levels but they can leave at any time.
Power will be measured in watts from the Stryd accelerometer, V̇O2 will be measured in ml.kg.min, while respiratory rate will be breaths per minute To remove anomalies from the excel sheet, the watts and breathing frequency readings will be taken from smoothing the data within the last 30 seconds of the level. This will allow the participant to adjust to the change in pace and achieve a steady state of walking. The V̇o2 reading will also be taken in the last 30 seconds with the average of the smoothed data used.
It is anticipated that all participants will not finish the testing up to stage 9, due to volitional fatigue. All data will be reported and recorded, with a n value for each stage, denoting the power and the perceived drop out at each point.
- Conditions
- Myocardial Infarction (MI)
- Being tested
- Incremental Shuttle Walk Tests
- Keywords
- aerobic capacity, breathing frequency, walking capacity
- Medical subject headings
- Myocardial Infarction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Incremental Shuttle Walk TestsOther
Also called ISWT
The participants will walk on the flat around cones placed 9 meters apart inline with the procedure for the incremental shuttle walk test. They will also walk at a matched speed to the incremental shuttle walk test on a treadmill. This will be performed in a counter balanced procedure to reduce any benefit of a learning effect.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Myocardial Infraction | Participants who have suffered a myocardial infraction in the past 6 months and are actively enrolled onto a cardiac rehabilitation programme Receives: Other: Incremental Shuttle Walk Tests |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Can a Stryd accelerometer be used to predict V̇o2max and therefore be used to gather a baseline for exercise prescription in cardiac populations post myocardial infraction.
Develop a regression equation for the use of watts derived from a foot pod to predict vo2. Assessing watts per kg of body mass against vo2 per kg of body mass, offering insight as to how this population group can use watts to prescribe exercise.
Measured: 1 day of testing, enrolment may be within 1 month prior to the test
Secondary outcomes (1)
Can a breathing frequency monitor be used to predict aerobic exercise intensity in cardiac populations post myocardial infraction.
Develop a regression equation for the use of breathing frequency to predict vo2. Assessing breathing frequency against vo2 per kg of body mass, offering insight as to how this population group can use watts to prescribe exercise.
Measured: 1 day of testing, enrolment may be within 1 month prior to the test
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Mar 2025
- Study start1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion31 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Myocardial Infarction (MI)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Keele University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- John Buckley, PhD, Study chair, Keele University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06871943
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KeeleU
- Other IDs
- RG-0393-24
- Acronym
- (CWTPEI)
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 6 Mar 2025
- Last updated
- 10 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: Further studies may be shared but this stage of the research process is too earlier.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Developing a Rationale for the Use of Breathing Frequency and Wearable Foot-pods to Measure Intensity in Cardiac Populations
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06871943
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- (CWTPEI) / KeeleU
- Conditions
- Myocardial Infarction (MI)
- Keywords
- aerobic capacity, breathing frequency, walking capacity
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Keele UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 31 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 12 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
There is a knowledge gap in the literature around using watts to measure exercise intensity in walking and running, this is largely due to new technological developments. Whereas the relationship is widely recognised and used for cycling in elite to clinical populations.
While the relationship breathing rate and exercise intensity is well established, this are no guidelines using breathing rate as a physiological measure of intensity. New technology may aid to bridge these gaps.
The main aims of the study are: -
Can the relationship between oxygen uptake and watts during incremental exercise Can breathing frequency be used to determine aerobic exercise intensity
The participants will complete two 9 minute incremental accredited exercise tests on the flat around cones and on treadmill at the given speed of walking around the cones. The test will stop at 6.8kph or at participant volition.
Detailed description
The experimental feasibility study involves testing if the wearable technology (Stryd accelerometer) can translate work rate into an accurate measurement of watts (energy produced) within cardiac populations, when compared to V̇o2 consumed. While also testing to see the measured relationship between breathing rate and exercise induced exertion levels. The testing will involve participants working to a sub maximal incremental shuttle walk test pace on treadmill (unto 6.8kph) and following standard procedure on the flat around cones. They will be wearing a Stryd accelerometer attached to their training shoes and Respa breathing monitor attached to their lapel or t-shirt. V̇o2 will be measured using a Cortex Metalyzer 3B. All participants will perform the testing twice in a counter balanced order (i.e participant one will perform the treadmill first, while the next will perform the testing on the flat around cones).
Participants will be recruited from the cardiac rehabilitation team at the University Hospital of the North Midlands.
The pace of the treadmill will be in line with the constant walking pace required to achieve a steady state at each level of the incremental shuttle walk test protocol. The treadmill will not be an incline as normal testing is on flat surface. The Stryd and Respa will be linked to a mobile device where watts and breathing frequency readings will be gathered, progression to the next stage will be at one minute.
Each test lasts for 9 minutes, with a 15-minute recovery period between tests and pre and post exercise tests, participation will take approximately 1 hour. Post testing the participant can remove the device and face mask; while being encouraged to cool down until heart rate is within 20 beats of resting levels but they can leave at any time.
Power will be measured in watts from the Stryd accelerometer, V̇O2 will be measured in ml.kg.min, while respiratory rate will be breaths per minute To remove anomalies from the excel sheet, the watts and breathing frequency readings will be taken from smoothing the data within the last 30 seconds of the level. This will allow the participant to adjust to the change in pace and achieve a steady state of walking. The V̇o2 reading will also be taken in the last 30 seconds with the average of the smoothed data used.
It is anticipated that all participants will not finish the testing up to stage 9, due to volitional fatigue. All data will be reported and recorded, with a n value for each stage, denoting the power and the perceived drop out at each point.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Myocardial Infraction | – | Other: Incremental Shuttle Walk TestsParticipants who have suffered a myocardial infraction in the past 6 months and are actively enrolled onto a cardiac rehabilitation programme |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Participants must have suffered an myocardial infraction in the last 6 months and be actively participating in the cardiac rehabilitation programme at the University Hospital of North Midlands in the United Kingdom
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Myocardial Infraction in the past 6 months
- Able to walk on a treadmill
- Aged ≥ 18
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Injury or condition that impedes normal gait
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Incremental Shuttle Walk TestsAlso: ISWTThe participants will walk on the flat around cones placed 9 meters apart inline with the procedure for the incremental shuttle walk test. They will also walk at a matched speed to the incremental shuttle walk test on a treadmill. This will be performed in a counter balanced procedure to reduce any benefit of a learning effect. | Other | Myocardial Infraction |
Primary outcome
Can a Stryd accelerometer be used to predict V̇o2max and therefore be used to gather a baseline for exercise prescription in cardiac populations post myocardial infraction.
Time frame: 1 day of testing, enrolment may be within 1 month prior to the test
Develop a regression equation for the use of watts derived from a foot pod to predict vo2. Assessing watts per kg of body mass against vo2 per kg of body mass, offering insight as to how this population group can use watts to prescribe exercise.
1 secondary outcome
Can a breathing frequency monitor be used to predict aerobic exercise intensity in cardiac populations post myocardial infraction.
Time frame: 1 day of testing, enrolment may be within 1 month prior to the test
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Jun 2026.
- Page 220 details a conference abstract from the European Congress for Sports Science at which an initial study on healthy participants was presentedLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. Further studies may be shared but this stage of the research process is too earlier.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
John Buckley, PhD study chair
Keele University
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Myocardial Infarction (MI), run by Keele University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Sam Jones, MSc (+44 07841390625, s.jones3@keele.ac.uk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Can a Stryd accelerometer be used to predict V̇o2max and therefore be used to gather a baseline for exercise prescription in cardiac populations post myocardial infraction. (time frame: 1 day of testing, enrolment may be within 1 month prior to the test). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Jun 2026.