VolleyballSSGs+PL+JRNCT06875570
Effects of Combined Training Protocol in Volleyball Players
A study testing Pliometric Training, Jump Rope Training and Small Sided Games in people with Volleyball and Performance, run by Karabuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The 12-week training will take place during the preparation period. At the beginning and end of the 12-week period, vertical jump test, 60 seconds countermovement jump (CMJ) test, change of direction (T-Agility) test, sprint test, YO-YO (level-1) test will be applied in terms of performance test. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Volleyball, Performance, Training
- What is being tested?
- Pliometric Training, Jump Rope Training and Small Sided Games
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 8 Mar 2025to 29 May 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Being healthy
- Male volleyball athletes
- Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions
Who cannot join
- Being under 18 years old
- Having a chronic disease
- Contraindications for exercise
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of a 12-Week Combined Training Protocols on Aerobic Fitness, Technical Skills, and Psychophysiological Responses in Young Recreational Volleyball Players
The 12-week training will take place during the preparation period. At the beginning and end of the 12-week period, vertical jump test, 60 seconds countermovement jump (CMJ) test, change of direction (T-Agility) test, sprint test, YO-YO (level-1) test will be applied in terms of performance test. In terms of skill testing, service test and spiking test protocols will be applied. Players will perform plyometric (PL) or jump rope (JR) training with the same amount of total training time in each training session. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be obtained using (CR6-20). All players will also complete the short form of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES).
Read the detailed description
There will be 12 weeks of training during the preparation period. Each daily training will start with a 10-minute standard warm-up consisting of running, dynamic stretching and sprinting with volleyball-specific technical movements integrated. After warm-up and Small Sided Games (2v2, 3v3, 4v4, 5v5), players will perform plyometric (PL) or jump rope (JR) training with the same amount of total training time in each training session. At the start of the 12-week period, the vertical jump and 60 second countermovement jump (CMJ) using a portable force plate (Smart Jump; Fusion Sport, Queensland, Australia), T-Agility change of direction and Sprint tests with timing gates (Smart Speed; Fusion Equipment, Brisbane, Australia) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 will be used for VO2max levels. Serve and Spiking Technical Skill Tests will be applied together with these. To minimise the negative effects of fatigue on psychological, physiological and performance responses, each training intervention will be performed at least 2 days apart. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be obtained using the category ratio scale (CR6-20) to calculate the internal training load (ITL) immediately after the completion of each session. The scale will be introduced at baseline to familiarise players. All players will also complete the short form of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES). The scale consists of 8 items scored on a 1-7 Likert scale and has been validated as an indicator of Turkish youth's level of enjoyment of activity.
- Conditions
- Volleyball, Performance, Training, Technical Skills
- Being tested
- Pliometric Training, Jump Rope Training, Small Sided Games
- Keywords
- Volleyball, Small Sided Games, Pliometric, Jump rope
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Pliometric TrainingOther
The full intervention program will cover 12 weeks in the season. Prior to training, players will be instructed to warm-up for ten minutes with general running exercises and dynamic stretching. The plyometric training intervention will consist of 5 exercises performed in the following order: Leap forward and backward on the line, leap sideways on the line, double leg knee to chest, split squat jump, and squat jump (Bavli, 2012). A volleyball coach will monitor the whole training.
Jump Rope TrainingOther
The entire intervention program will last for 12 weeks during the season. Before training, players will be instructed to warm up with general running exercises and dynamic stretching for ten minutes. The jump rope intervention will consist of 5 exercises performed in the following order: basic jump step, double leg double jump, double leg jump left and right, double leg jump forward and backward, and scissor steps (Trecroci et al., 2015). Each exercise will be performed by all participants using a jump rope with the same characteristics in terms of weight (e.g. 230g), length (e.g. shoulder size) and material (e.g. PVC, Polyvinyl Chloride). A metronome speed of 120 beats per minute will be used to ensure equal exercise intensity in both exercise programs Furthermore, a volleyball coach will monitor the entire workout.
Small Sided GamesOther
More complex, skill-based conditioning exercises for volleyball are small-sided games (2v2, 3v3) and competition drills (6v6). Although the duration of each rally in these drills is not controlled by the coach, the total duration of the drill will be recorded to aid in-session and inter-session planning. Total repetitions will be easily measured by adding up the total points played in the rally and then multiplying by the number of rallies per point. The coach will create an emotionally intense environment by applying a scoring system (e.g. team winning 2 out of 3 rallies gets 1 big point, 5 seconds rest) and encouraging the players (Trajkovic et al., 2012).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Pliometric Training | Experimental | Players will receive a Plyometric training program at the beginning of the Volleyball training session for a period of 15 minutes, two days a week. Receives: Other: Pliometric Training |
| Jump Rope training | Experimental | Players will receive a jump rope training program at the beginning of the volleyball training session for 15 minutes, two days a week. Receives: Other: Jump Rope Training |
| Small Sided Games | Experimental | More complex, skill-based conditioning exercises for volleyball are small-sided games (2v2, 3v3) and competition drills (6v6). Receives: Other: Small Sided Games |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Vertical Jump
Change in vertical jump (cm) is expected from baseline assessment to 12-week follow-up assessment
Measured: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment]
60s Countermovement Jump
Change in countermovement jump (watts/kg) is expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment..
Measured: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
Change of Direction
Changes in change of direction times (sec) are expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment.
Measured: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment]
Sprint
Change in Sprint (km/h) is expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment.
Measured: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1
A change in VO2max values from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment is expected.
Measured: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
Service
A change in service test values from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment is expected.
Measured: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
Spiking
A change in spiking test values is expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment.
Measured: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Changes in Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) are expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment. The scale has a range of 6-20 (CR20). Athletes will indicate whether they do not find exercise difficult (6) or find it difficult (20).
Measured: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
PAGES
Changes are expected in the Enjoyment of physical activity scale (PACES) from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment. The scale consists of 8 questions with a score range of 1-7. Athletes will indicate whether they do not enjoy exercise (1) or enjoy it (7).
Measured: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Mar 2025
- Study start8 Mar 2025
- Primary completion15 May 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion29 May 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for VolleyballStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Karabuk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Neslihan AKÇAY, Karabuk University
- Investigators
- Neslihan Akçay, Doctorate, Study chair, Karabuk University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06875570
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- UKarabuk-4
- Acronym
- SSGs+PL+JR
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 8 Mar 2025
- Last updated
- 19 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Fathi A, Hammami R, Moran J, Borji R, Sahli S, Rebai H. Effect of a 16-Week Combined Strength and Plyometric Training Program Followed by a Detraining Period on Athletic Performance in Pubertal Volleyball Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Aug;33(8):2117-2127. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002461.
PubMed 29401199Ozer D, Duzgun I, Baltaci G, Karacan S, Colakoglu F. The effects of rope or weighted rope jump training on strength, coordination and proprioception in adolescent female volleyball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2011 Jun;51(2):211-9.
PubMed 21681154Voelzke M, Stutzig N, Thorhauer HA, Granacher U. Promoting lower extremity strength in elite volleyball players: effects of two combined training methods. J Sci Med Sport. 2012 Sep;15(5):457-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.02.004. Epub 2012 Apr 6.
PubMed 22484082
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of a 12-Week Combined Training Protocols on Aerobic Fitness, Technical Skills, and Psychophysiological Responses in Young Recreational Volleyball Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06875570
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SSGs+PL+JR / UKarabuk-4
- Conditions
- Volleyball, Performance, Training, Technical Skills
- Keywords
- Volleyball, Small Sided Games, Pliometric, Jump rope
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Karabuk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 8 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 May 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 29 May 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 13 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The 12-week training will take place during the preparation period. At the beginning and end of the 12-week period, vertical jump test, 60 seconds countermovement jump (CMJ) test, change of direction (T-Agility) test, sprint test, YO-YO (level-1) test will be applied in terms of performance test. In terms of skill testing, service test and spiking test protocols will be applied. Players will perform plyometric (PL) or jump rope (JR) training with the same amount of total training time in each training session. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be obtained using (CR6-20). All players will also complete the short form of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES).
Detailed description
There will be 12 weeks of training during the preparation period. Each daily training will start with a 10-minute standard warm-up consisting of running, dynamic stretching and sprinting with volleyball-specific technical movements integrated. After warm-up and Small Sided Games (2v2, 3v3, 4v4, 5v5), players will perform plyometric (PL) or jump rope (JR) training with the same amount of total training time in each training session. At the start of the 12-week period, the vertical jump and 60 second countermovement jump (CMJ) using a portable force plate (Smart Jump; Fusion Sport, Queensland, Australia), T-Agility change of direction and Sprint tests with timing gates (Smart Speed; Fusion Equipment, Brisbane, Australia) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 will be used for VO2max levels. Serve and Spiking Technical Skill Tests will be applied together with these. To minimise the negative effects of fatigue on psychological, physiological and performance responses, each training intervention will be performed at least 2 days apart. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be obtained using the category ratio scale (CR6-20) to calculate the internal training load (ITL) immediately after the completion of each session. The scale will be introduced at baseline to familiarise players. All players will also complete the short form of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES). The scale consists of 8 items scored on a 1-7 Likert scale and has been validated as an indicator of Turkish youth's level of enjoyment of activity.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Pliometric Training | Experimental | Other: Pliometric TrainingPlayers will receive a Plyometric training program at the beginning of the Volleyball training session for a period of 15 minutes, two days a week. |
| Jump Rope training | Experimental | Other: Jump Rope TrainingPlayers will receive a jump rope training program at the beginning of the volleyball training session for 15 minutes, two days a week. |
| Small Sided Games | Experimental | Other: Small Sided GamesMore complex, skill-based conditioning exercises for volleyball are small-sided games (2v2, 3v3) and competition drills (6v6). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Being healthy
- Male volleyball athletes
- Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Being under 18 years old
- Having a chronic disease
- Contraindications for exercise
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Pliometric TrainingThe full intervention program will cover 12 weeks in the season. Prior to training, players will be instructed to warm-up for ten minutes with general running exercises and dynamic stretching. The plyometric training intervention will consist of 5 exercises performed in the following order: Leap forward and backward on the line, leap sideways on the line, double leg knee to chest, split squat jump, and squat jump (Bavli, 2012). A volleyball coach will monitor the whole training. | Other | Pliometric Training |
| Jump Rope TrainingThe entire intervention program will last for 12 weeks during the season. Before training, players will be instructed to warm up with general running exercises and dynamic stretching for ten minutes. The jump rope intervention will consist of 5 exercises performed in the following order: basic jump step, double leg double jump, double leg jump left and right, double leg jump forward and backward, and scissor steps (Trecroci et al., 2015). Each exercise will be performed by all participants using a jump rope with the same characteristics in terms of weight (e.g. 230g), length (e.g. shoulder size) and material (e.g. PVC, Polyvinyl Chloride). A metronome speed of 120 beats per minute will be used to ensure equal exercise intensity in both exercise programs Furthermore, a volleyball coach will monitor the entire workout. | Other | Jump Rope training |
| Small Sided GamesMore complex, skill-based conditioning exercises for volleyball are small-sided games (2v2, 3v3) and competition drills (6v6). Although the duration of each rally in these drills is not controlled by the coach, the total duration of the drill will be recorded to aid in-session and inter-session planning. Total repetitions will be easily measured by adding up the total points played in the rally and then multiplying by the number of rallies per point. The coach will create an emotionally intense environment by applying a scoring system (e.g. team winning 2 out of 3 rallies gets 1 big point, 5 seconds rest) and encouraging the players (Trajkovic et al., 2012). | Other | Small Sided Games |
Primary outcome
Vertical Jump
Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment]
Change in vertical jump (cm) is expected from baseline assessment to 12-week follow-up assessment
60s Countermovement Jump
Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
Change in countermovement jump (watts/kg) is expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment..
Change of Direction
Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment]
Changes in change of direction times (sec) are expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment.
Sprint
Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
Change in Sprint (km/h) is expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment.
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1
Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
A change in VO2max values from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment is expected.
Service
Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
A change in service test values from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment is expected.
Spiking
Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
A change in spiking test values is expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment.
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
Changes in Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) are expected from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment. The scale has a range of 6-20 (CR20). Athletes will indicate whether they do not find exercise difficult (6) or find it difficult (20).
PAGES
Time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment
Changes are expected in the Enjoyment of physical activity scale (PACES) from the baseline assessment to the 12-week follow-up assessment. The scale consists of 8 questions with a score range of 1-7. Athletes will indicate whether they do not enjoy exercise (1) or enjoy it (7).
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Mar 2025.
- Background: PubMed 29401199Fathi A, Hammami R, Moran J, Borji R, Sahli S, Rebai H. Effect of a 16-Week Combined Strength and Plyometric Training Program Followed by a Detraining Period on Athletic Performance in Pubertal Volleyball Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Aug;33(8):2117-2127. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002461.
- Background: PubMed 21681154Ozer D, Duzgun I, Baltaci G, Karacan S, Colakoglu F. The effects of rope or weighted rope jump training on strength, coordination and proprioception in adolescent female volleyball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2011 Jun;51(2):211-9.
- Background: PubMed 22484082Voelzke M, Stutzig N, Thorhauer HA, Granacher U. Promoting lower extremity strength in elite volleyball players: effects of two combined training methods. J Sci Med Sport. 2012 Sep;15(5):457-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.02.004. Epub 2012 Apr 6.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Neslihan Akçay, Doctorate study chair
Karabuk University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Pliometric Training, Jump Rope Training and Small Sided Games in people with Volleyball and Performance, run by Karabuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Vertical Jump (time frame: From baseline assessment to 12 week follow-up assessment]). The study lists 9 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06875570, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Mar 2025.