PerformanceCAFMR-CHOMRNCT06881316
Caffeine vs. Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing in Soccer
A study testing Caffeine and CHO in people with Performance and Soccer, run by Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The present study evaluated the influence of carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO-MR), caffeine mouth-rinsing (CAF-MR), and control-substance mouth rinses on Loughborough soccer passing test (LSPT) performance. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 14 to 16 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Performance, Soccer, Caffeine and Carbohydrate
- What is being tested?
- Caffeine and CHO
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 10 Feb 2025to 26 Feb 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 14 to 16 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Being healthy
- Male soccer players
- Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions
Who cannot join
- Being under 14 years old
- Having a chronic disease
- Contraindication for caffeine mouth-rinsing (CAF-MR)
- Contraindication for carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO-MR)
- Contraindications for exercise
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Tokat Gaziosmanpasa Universty
Tokat Province, Turkey, 60000
About this study
Official title: Caffeine vs. Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing in Soccer: Effects on Passing Performance and Psychophysiological Responses in Youth Players
The present study evaluated the influence of carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO-MR), caffeine mouth-rinsing (CAF-MR), and control-substance mouth rinses on Loughborough soccer passing test (LSPT) performance. The study participants were involved in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures design that employed four sessions (familiarization, CHOMR, CAFMR, and CONT) over ten days at a testing facility. Participants took part in six test sessions 72 hours apart. In the CHO group, 6% w/v glucose solution was used. In the CAFF group, 6% w/v glucose solution was used. CONT group, only exercise was performed without any condition.
Read the detailed description
Participants were involved in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures design that employed four sessions (familiarization, LSPTCHO, LSPTCAFF, and LSPTCONT) over ten days at a testing facility. The initial session was an orientation, allowing participants to acclimate to the LSPT protocol and provide written informed consent. This session used water as a mouth rinse. Anthropometric data were also collected. Before the LSPT, participants completed 15-minute standardized warm-up sections, including jogging, sprinting, and integrating soccer-specific actions. The participants were asked to complete the LSPT at any time. During the tests, participants were blinded to the test scores. The following three sessions were test trials conducted between 15.00 h and 17.00 h at 32°C and 40% humidity. The participants performed the LSPT 72 h apart, LSPTCHO (6% w/v glucose solution), LSPTCAFF (1.2% w/v caffeine solution), and LSPTCONT conditions. Caffeine and CHO solutions were prepared in an equivalent saccharin base to ensure indistinguishability within the Falcon Sterile Tube and agitated for 30 seconds on a vortex mixer. Participants were instructed to avoid intense activity 24 hours before testing, observe a 2-hour fast before sessions, and abstain from caffeinated products on test days. All the test sessions were performed at 32°C and 40% humidity.
- Being tested
- Caffeine, CHO, Control
- Keywords
- Performance, caffeine mouth-rinsing, carbohydrate mouth-rinsing, cognitive-motor function, technical skill execution
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
CaffeineOther
Participants' solutions were prepared in separate Falcon Sterile Tubes: LSPTCAFF (1.2% w/v caffeine solution, Nature's Supreme). An MRI was performed before the LSPT. The solution was sweetened with non-caloric artificial sweeteners consisting of sucralose. The caffeine solution was prepared in an equivalent saccharin base and shaken for 30 seconds in a vortex mixer to ensure distinguishability. Participants swished the solution in their mouth for 10 seconds before LSPT and then emptied it back into the container to be weighed again. To ensure that the solutions were not swallowed, the containers were measured before and after all MRs using a full precision balance (Etekcity, USA) accurate to 1 g/0.04 oz.
CHOOther
Participants' solutions were prepared in separate Falcon Sterile Tubes: LSPTCHO (6% w/ v glucose solution, Protein Ocean, Turkey) An MRI was performed prior to LSPT. The solution was sweetened with non-caloric artificial sweeteners consisting of sucralose. The CHO solution was prepared in an equivalent saccharin base and shaken for 30 seconds in a vortex mixer to ensure distinguishability. Participants swished the solution in their mouth for 10 seconds before LSPT and then emptied it back into the container to be weighed again. To ensure that the solutions were not swallowed, the containers were measured before and after all MRs using a full precision balance (Etekcity, USA) accurate to 1 g/0.04 oz.
ControlOther
For the control condition, no supplements were taken and only exercise was performed.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Caffeine Mouth Rinse Protocol (CAF-MR) | Experimental | Caffeine solutions (1.2% w/v caffeine solution) were prepared in an equivalent saccharin base to ensure indistinguishability within the Falcon Sterile Tube and agitated for 30 seconds on a vortex mixer. Participants were instructed to avoid intense activity 24 hours before testing, observe a 2-hour fast before sessions, and abstain from caffeinated products on test days. The following three sessions were test trials conducted between 15.00 h and 17.00 h at 32°C and 40% humidity. Receives: Other: Caffeine |
| CHO Mouth Rinse Protocol (CHO-MR) | Experimental | CHO solutions (6% w/v glucose solution) were prepared in an equivalent saccharin base to ensure indistinguishability within the Falcon Sterile Tube and agitated for 30 seconds on a vortex mixer. Participants were instructed to avoid intense activity 24 hours before testing, observe a 2- hour fast before sessions, and abstain from caffeinated products on test days. The following three sessions were test trials conducted between 15.00 h and 17.00 h at 32°C and 40% humidity. Receives: Other: CHO |
| Control Condition | Experimental | Only exercise was performed without any condition. Receives: Other: Control |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Psychophysiological Responses-Heart Rate
Participants used a Polar H10 heart rate (HR) transmitter synchronized with a Polar V800 watch to track the HR throughout the session. Participants' heart rate mean, heart rate peak and heart rate percentage were recorded.
Measured: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Psychophysiological Responses-Rating of Perceived Exertion
Exercise intensity in all test sessions was quantified using the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), which employs a category ratio scale ranging from 6 to 20. This scale has recently been applied in sports psychology to assess effort related to emotions and performance during competitive events.
Measured: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Psychophysiological Responses-Enjoyment-Brunel mood of states
all participants completed the exercise enjoyment scale (EES), which comprises eight items rated on a 1-7 Likert scale. This scale has been validated to measure enjoyment in Turkish adolescents and adults. To assess subjective mental fatigue levels, participants were instructed to indicate their degree of mental fatigue on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
Measured: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT)
Participants were informed that the LSPT was a timed performance assessment and instructed to complete it as expeditiously as possible while minimizing penalties. The LSPT comprises 16 passes: eight short passes to red and white targets 3.5m from the passing zone and eight slightly longer passes to green and blue targets 4m away. Targets were constructed by affixing colored cards (0.3 x 0.6m) to the center of standard gymnasium benches, with a vertical aluminum strip (0.1 x 0.15m) fixed to the target's center for auditory feedback on successful passes. Four randomized passing sequences were generated. An examiner announces that the subsequent target color is released immediately after the previous pass. A stopwatch measured the test duration, commencing when the participant moved the ball into the passing zone and concluding when the final pass contacted the target area.
Measured: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Anthropometric Measurements 1
Before breakfast, participants had their weight (kg) measured using a body composition analyser (BC-418MA, Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). This device utilises bioelectrical impedance technology using multiple frequencies (ranging from 1 kHz to 50 kHz) to comprehensively assess body composition parameters.
Measured: Baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Mar 2025
- Study start10 Feb 2025
- Primary completion25 Feb 2025
- Study completion26 Feb 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for PerformanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Crossover Assignment
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ersan Arslan, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
- Investigators
- Ersan Arslan, Doctorate, Study chair, +905325452848
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06881316
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- UGaziosmanpasa-1
- Acronym
- CAFMR-CHOMR
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 5 Mar 2025
- Last updated
- 18 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Soylu Y, Ramazanoglu F, Arslan E, Clemente FM. Effects of mental fatigue on the psychophysiological responses, kinematic profiles, and technical performance in different small-sided soccer games. Biol Sport. 2022 Oct;39(4):965-972. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.110746. Epub 2021 Dec 30.
PubMed 36247954Soylu Y, Chmura P, Arslan E, Kilit B. The Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Psychophysiological Responses and Kinematic Profiles in Intermittent and Continuous Small-Sided Games in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, and Crossover Trial. Nutrients. 2024 Nov 15;16(22):3910. doi: 10.3390/nu16223910.
PubMed 39599695
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Caffeine vs. Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing in Soccer: Effects on Passing Performance and Psychophysiological Responses in Youth Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06881316
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CAFMR-CHOMR / UGaziosmanpasa-1
- Keywords
- Performance, caffeine mouth-rinsing, carbohydrate mouth-rinsing, cognitive-motor function, technical skill execution
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 25 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 26 Feb 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The present study evaluated the influence of carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO-MR), caffeine mouth-rinsing (CAF-MR), and control-substance mouth rinses on Loughborough soccer passing test (LSPT) performance. The study participants were involved in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures design that employed four sessions (familiarization, CHOMR, CAFMR, and CONT) over ten days at a testing facility. Participants took part in six test sessions 72 hours apart. In the CHO group, 6% w/v glucose solution was used. In the CAFF group, 6% w/v glucose solution was used. CONT group, only exercise was performed without any condition.
Detailed description
Participants were involved in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures design that employed four sessions (familiarization, LSPTCHO, LSPTCAFF, and LSPTCONT) over ten days at a testing facility. The initial session was an orientation, allowing participants to acclimate to the LSPT protocol and provide written informed consent. This session used water as a mouth rinse. Anthropometric data were also collected. Before the LSPT, participants completed 15-minute standardized warm-up sections, including jogging, sprinting, and integrating soccer-specific actions. The participants were asked to complete the LSPT at any time. During the tests, participants were blinded to the test scores. The following three sessions were test trials conducted between 15.00 h and 17.00 h at 32°C and 40% humidity. The participants performed the LSPT 72 h apart, LSPTCHO (6% w/v glucose solution), LSPTCAFF (1.2% w/v caffeine solution), and LSPTCONT conditions. Caffeine and CHO solutions were prepared in an equivalent saccharin base to ensure indistinguishability within the Falcon Sterile Tube and agitated for 30 seconds on a vortex mixer. Participants were instructed to avoid intense activity 24 hours before testing, observe a 2-hour fast before sessions, and abstain from caffeinated products on test days. All the test sessions were performed at 32°C and 40% humidity.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Crossover Assignment
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Caffeine Mouth Rinse Protocol (CAF-MR) | Experimental | Other: CaffeineCaffeine solutions (1.2% w/v caffeine solution) were prepared in an equivalent saccharin base to ensure indistinguishability within the Falcon Sterile Tube and agitated for 30 seconds on a vortex mixer. Participants were instructed to avoid intense activity 24 hours before testing, observe a 2-hour fast before sessions, and abstain from caffeinated products on test days. The following three sessions were test trials conducted between 15.00 h and 17.00 h at 32°C and 40% humidity. |
| CHO Mouth Rinse Protocol (CHO-MR) | Experimental | Other: CHOCHO solutions (6% w/v glucose solution) were prepared in an equivalent saccharin base to ensure indistinguishability within the Falcon Sterile Tube and agitated for 30 seconds on a vortex mixer. Participants were instructed to avoid intense activity 24 hours before testing, observe a 2- hour fast before sessions, and abstain from caffeinated products on test days. The following three sessions were test trials conducted between 15.00 h and 17.00 h at 32°C and 40% humidity. |
| Control Condition | Experimental | Other: ControlOnly exercise was performed without any condition. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 14 to 16 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Being healthy
- Male soccer players
- Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Being under 14 years old
- Having a chronic disease
- Contraindication for caffeine mouth-rinsing (CAF-MR)
- Contraindication for carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO-MR)
- Contraindications for exercise
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| CaffeineParticipants' solutions were prepared in separate Falcon Sterile Tubes: LSPTCAFF (1.2% w/v caffeine solution, Nature's Supreme). An MRI was performed before the LSPT. The solution was sweetened with non-caloric artificial sweeteners consisting of sucralose. The caffeine solution was prepared in an equivalent saccharin base and shaken for 30 seconds in a vortex mixer to ensure distinguishability. Participants swished the solution in their mouth for 10 seconds before LSPT and then emptied it back into the container to be weighed again. To ensure that the solutions were not swallowed, the containers were measured before and after all MRs using a full precision balance (Etekcity, USA) accurate to 1 g/0.04 oz. | Other | Caffeine Mouth Rinse Protocol (CAF-MR) |
| CHOParticipants' solutions were prepared in separate Falcon Sterile Tubes: LSPTCHO (6% w/ v glucose solution, Protein Ocean, Turkey) An MRI was performed prior to LSPT. The solution was sweetened with non-caloric artificial sweeteners consisting of sucralose. The CHO solution was prepared in an equivalent saccharin base and shaken for 30 seconds in a vortex mixer to ensure distinguishability. Participants swished the solution in their mouth for 10 seconds before LSPT and then emptied it back into the container to be weighed again. To ensure that the solutions were not swallowed, the containers were measured before and after all MRs using a full precision balance (Etekcity, USA) accurate to 1 g/0.04 oz. | Other | CHO Mouth Rinse Protocol (CHO-MR) |
| ControlFor the control condition, no supplements were taken and only exercise was performed. | Other | Control Condition |
Primary outcome
Psychophysiological Responses-Heart Rate
Time frame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Participants used a Polar H10 heart rate (HR) transmitter synchronized with a Polar V800 watch to track the HR throughout the session. Participants' heart rate mean, heart rate peak and heart rate percentage were recorded.
Psychophysiological Responses-Rating of Perceived Exertion
Time frame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Exercise intensity in all test sessions was quantified using the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), which employs a category ratio scale ranging from 6 to 20. This scale has recently been applied in sports psychology to assess effort related to emotions and performance during competitive events.
Psychophysiological Responses-Enjoyment-Brunel mood of states
Time frame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
all participants completed the exercise enjoyment scale (EES), which comprises eight items rated on a 1-7 Likert scale. This scale has been validated to measure enjoyment in Turkish adolescents and adults. To assess subjective mental fatigue levels, participants were instructed to indicate their degree of mental fatigue on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT)
Time frame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Participants were informed that the LSPT was a timed performance assessment and instructed to complete it as expeditiously as possible while minimizing penalties. The LSPT comprises 16 passes: eight short passes to red and white targets 3.5m from the passing zone and eight slightly longer passes to green and blue targets 4m away. Targets were constructed by affixing colored cards (0.3 x 0.6m) to the center of standard gymnasium benches, with a vertical aluminum strip (0.1 x 0.15m) fixed to the target's center for auditory feedback on successful passes. Four randomized passing sequences were generated. An examiner announces that the subsequent target color is released immediately after the previous pass. A stopwatch measured the test duration, commencing when the participant moved the ball into the passing zone and concluding when the final pass contacted the target area.
1 secondary outcome
Anthropometric Measurements 1
Time frame: Baseline
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Mar 2025.
- Background: PubMed 36247954Soylu Y, Ramazanoglu F, Arslan E, Clemente FM. Effects of mental fatigue on the psychophysiological responses, kinematic profiles, and technical performance in different small-sided soccer games. Biol Sport. 2022 Oct;39(4):965-972. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.110746. Epub 2021 Dec 30.
- Background: PubMed 39599695Soylu Y, Chmura P, Arslan E, Kilit B. The Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Psychophysiological Responses and Kinematic Profiles in Intermittent and Continuous Small-Sided Games in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, and Crossover Trial. Nutrients. 2024 Nov 15;16(22):3910. doi: 10.3390/nu16223910.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ersan Arslan, Doctorate study chair
+905325452848
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Caffeine and CHO in people with Performance and Soccer, run by Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Psychophysiological Responses-Heart Rate (time frame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06881316, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Mar 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.