Rebozo at BirthNCT06887608
The Effect of Partner-Assisted Rebozo Application in the Intrapartum Period on Birth Fear, Pain and Satisfaction
A study testing Husband assisted rebozo application and Midwife assisted rebozo application in people with Rebozo at Birth, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of non-pharmacological methods for the relief of labor pain. The use of non-pharmacological methods in pain management helps women see their labor as a natural event and contributes to the reduction of cesarean section rates by increasing satisfaction with normal… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Rebozo at Birth
- What is being tested?
- Husband assisted rebozo application and Midwife assisted rebozo application
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 120 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 22 Jul 2025to 15 Sep 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being literate,
- Knowing Turkish,
- Being over 18 years of age,
- Being primiparous,
- Having a single fetus and cephalic presentation,
- Being at term (37-42 weeks),
Show all 10Show fewer
- Not having risk factors during pregnancy (Preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios, gestational diabetes, placental anomalies, intrauterine growth retardation, intrauterine dead fetus, fetal distress, macrosomic babies, etc.),
- Being in the active phase of the first stage of labor,
- Those who agree to participate in the research,
- The spouse also agrees to participate in the research.
Who cannot join
- Being multiparous,
- Having multiple pregnancies,
- Women with any chronic disease,
- Women with a diagnosed psychiatric disease,
- Pregnant women with spine and bone structure problems.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Istanbul Training and Research Hospital
Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, 34020
About this study
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of non-pharmacological methods for the relief of labor pain. The use of non-pharmacological methods in pain management helps women see their labor as a natural event and contributes to the reduction of cesarean section rates by increasing satisfaction with normal birth . The rebozo technique, a traditional method, originates from Latin America and is a non-invasive, non-drug practical application. The rebozo technique reduces or eliminates pain by creating rhythmic movements in the pelvic area. No study has been found evaluating the results of partner-assisted rebozo application in the intrapartum period. For this reason, it is important to conduct evidence-based studies examining the effects of the use of rebozo technique in labor. This randomized controlled study will contribute to the literature. For this purpose, this study was planned to examine the effects of partner-assisted rebozo application in the intrapartum period on fear of labor, pain, and labor satisfaction.
Read the detailed description
Childbirth is a challenging and life-changing experience for women that has emotional and physical effects. Every woman wants to remember her childbirth as a positive process, but the pain and suffering that accompanies this process can affect the perception of the pregnant woman. A long labor can increase complications for the baby and the mother. Despite all this, adapting to labor pain increases women's satisfaction with the labor process. For this, it is necessary to adopt methods that can reduce the duration and intensity of labor pain to a safe range and thus facilitate adaptation to pain. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends appropriate interventions to relieve labor pain. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of non-pharmacological methods for the relief of labor pain. The use of non-pharmacological methods in pain management helps women see their birth as a natural event and increases satisfaction with normal birth, thus contributing to the reduction of cesarean section rates. The rebozo technique, a traditional method, originates from Latin America and is a non-invasive, non-drug practical application. The rebozo technique reduces or eliminates pain levels by creating rhythmic movements in the pelvic area. Rebozo can be used before, during and after birth. When applied during labor, it corrects fetal malpositions, allows the fetus to easily make cardinal movements, and accelerates the progression of labor. There are limited studies on the rebozo application in the literature. In studies, women stated that they relaxed during contractions and their attention shifted away from the pain. In Febby's (2019) study, it was stated that the mother felt more comfortable with the rebozo technique, that it caused a hug-like feeling in the mother, causing the release of oxytocin, which could make the birth process faster and less painful, and that it could increase the sense of comfort among mothers. In a qualitative study, it was reported that pregnant women felt physically good with the application of the rebozo technique, that it was effective in reducing pain, and that especially when applied by midwives, it created great satisfaction in the mother. The application of the technique by midwives during labor will ensure that the pregnant woman actively participates in the labor, establishes a relationship of trust between the midwife and the pregnant woman, helps the pregnant woman cope with the pain of labor, and increases satisfaction with the labor. In the literature, it has been determined that rebozo application in the active phase reduces anxiety level and pain score and increases satisfaction. In a study, it was stated that the rebozo technique increases the rate of fetal descent and cervical dilatation. In another study, it was determined that the length of the second stage of labor with the rebozo technique was 27.07 minutes shorter than the control group. There are limited clinical studies conducted in our country with the rebozo technique. There is no study evaluating the results of partner-assisted rebozo application in the intrapartum period. For this reason, it is important to conduct evidence-based studies examining the effects of the use of rebozo technique in labor. This randomized controlled study will contribute to the literature.
- Conditions
- Rebozo at Birth
- Being tested
- Husband assisted rebozo application, Midwife assisted rebozo application
- Keywords
- birth, rebozo, fear of birth, birth pain, satisfaction
- Medical subject headings
- Personal Satisfaction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Husband assisted rebozo applicationOther
At 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm and 8-9 cm, the pregnant woman will be given a rebozo by her husband.
Midwife assisted rebozo applicationOther
The midwife will apply rebozo to the pregnant woman at 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm and 8-9 cm.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| husband supported rebozo group | Experimental | In the partner-assisted rebozo group, information will be provided to the partner and the pregnant woman with the education booklet created during the latent phase and training will be provided. When the pregnant woman reaches 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm and 8-9 cm vaginal dilation, the data collection forms and scale forms determined for the pregnant woman in the partner-assisted rebozo group will be filled in before the rebozo application. Rebozo application will be applied to the pregnant woman for three contractions. A re-evaluation will be made after the rebozo application. The determined scales will be applied at the 4th hour in the postpartum period. Receives: Other: Husband assisted rebozo application |
| midwife assisted rebozo group | Experimental | In the midwife-assisted rebozo group, information will be provided to the pregnant woman with the education booklet created during the latent phase and training will be provided. When the pregnant woman reaches 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm and 8-9 cm vaginal dilation, the data collection forms and scale forms determined for the pregnant woman in the midwife-assisted rebozo group will be filled in before the rebozo application. Rebozo application will be applied to the pregnant woman for three contractions. A re-evaluation will be made after the rebozo application. The determined scales will be applied at the 4th hour in the postpartum period. Receives: Other: Midwife assisted rebozo application |
| control group | No intervention | In the control group, when the pregnant woman reaches 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm and 8-9 cm vaginal opening, the same measurements will be made and the woman will continue to receive routine care, and then the measurements will be repeated. In the 4th hour after birth, the determined scales will be applied. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Visual analog scale (VAS)
Visual analog scale (VAS): The pain levels of the participants will be evaluated with the Visual analog scale (VAS). It was developed by Bond and Pilowski in 1966 in order to describe the severity of pain in individuals numerically. This measurement tool is a 10 cm long ruler. While the expression "no pain" is written on the left end, the expression "unbearable pain" is written on the right end. Since it has linear properties, the difference between each increase is equal. It is the most commonly used single-dimensional scale type because it does not guide individuals with numbers due to its usage feature, the evaluation is easy and fast, and it gives results in a short time. A VAS value approaching 10 indicates that the pain is very severe, while a value approaching 0 is evaluated as the pain has decreased.
Measured: 8 hours
Birth Satisfaction Scale:
Birth Satisfaction Scale: Participants' satisfaction levels will be assessed with the Birth Satisfaction Scale. The scale, which was developed to assess women's perceptions of birth, was developed by Martin and Fleming in 2009. Its Turkish validity and reliability were made by Çoşar Çetin and colleagues in 2015. The scale is Likert-type and is scored from 5 (Strongly agree) to 1 (Strongly disagree). Items 4, 8, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, and 29 are scored reversely. The scale has 30 items and the possible score varies between 30-150. There is no cut-off point for the scale. As the score increases, satisfaction with birth increases. The scale has 3 sub-dimensions: Quality of care (home assessment, birth environment, adequate support and communication with healthcare personnel), personal characteristics of women (ability to cope with birth, sense of control, preparation for birth, communication with the baby), and stress experienced during the birth process (experiencing distre
Measured: 8 hours
Fear of Childbirth Scale:
Fear of Childbirth Scale: Participants' fear levels will be assessed with the Fear of Childbirth Scale. The scale measures fear during childbirth. The scale, developed by Wijma et al. (2002), was validated in Turkish by Serçekuş et al. in 2017 for validity and reliability. The scale measuring fear during childbirth consists of 10 items. The scale takes 30-90 seconds to administer. Each item in the scale is asked to be scored from 1 (completely disagree) to 10 (completely agree). The possible scores from the scale are between 10-100. A high score indicates high fear. It is an extremely practical scale in terms of application. 5 items (1,3,5,7,10) in the scale are positive and 5 items (2,4,6,8,9) are negative. The 5 items with positive meanings on the scale are reverse scored. The scale can be applied to all multiparous and primiparous women who are admitted to the delivery room and have cervical dilatation of 3 cm or more. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the scale is 0.88
Measured: 8 hours
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Mar 2025
- Study start22 Jul 2025
- Primary completion20 May 2026
- Study completion15 Sep 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Rebozo at BirthStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istanbul University - CerrahpasaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- It was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, dilan cömert, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
- Investigators
- DİLAN C Phd Candidate, Principal investigator, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06887608
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 27.01.2025-1187899
- Status last verified
- Jun 2025
- First submitted
- 16 Mar 2025
- Last updated
- 4 Nov 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Nov 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Partner-Assisted Rebozo Application in the Intrapartum Period on Birth Fear, Pain and Satisfaction
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06887608
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 27.01.2025-1187899
- Conditions
- Rebozo at Birth
- Keywords
- birth, rebozo, fear of birth, birth pain, satisfaction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - CerrahpasaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 22 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 May 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Sep 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of non-pharmacological methods for the relief of labor pain. The use of non-pharmacological methods in pain management helps women see their labor as a natural event and contributes to the reduction of cesarean section rates by increasing satisfaction with normal birth . The rebozo technique, a traditional method, originates from Latin America and is a non-invasive, non-drug practical application. The rebozo technique reduces or eliminates pain by creating rhythmic movements in the pelvic area. No study has been found evaluating the results of partner-assisted rebozo application in the intrapartum period. For this reason, it is important to conduct evidence-based studies examining the effects of the use of rebozo technique in labor. This randomized controlled study will contribute to the literature. For this purpose, this study was planned to examine the effects of partner-assisted rebozo application in the intrapartum period on fear of labor, pain, and labor satisfaction.
Detailed description
Childbirth is a challenging and life-changing experience for women that has emotional and physical effects. Every woman wants to remember her childbirth as a positive process, but the pain and suffering that accompanies this process can affect the perception of the pregnant woman. A long labor can increase complications for the baby and the mother. Despite all this, adapting to labor pain increases women's satisfaction with the labor process. For this, it is necessary to adopt methods that can reduce the duration and intensity of labor pain to a safe range and thus facilitate adaptation to pain. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends appropriate interventions to relieve labor pain. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of non-pharmacological methods for the relief of labor pain. The use of non-pharmacological methods in pain management helps women see their birth as a natural event and increases satisfaction with normal birth, thus contributing to the reduction of cesarean section rates. The rebozo technique, a traditional method, originates from Latin America and is a non-invasive, non-drug practical application. The rebozo technique reduces or eliminates pain levels by creating rhythmic movements in the pelvic area. Rebozo can be used before, during and after birth. When applied during labor, it corrects fetal malpositions, allows the fetus to easily make cardinal movements, and accelerates the progression of labor. There are limited studies on the rebozo application in the literature. In studies, women stated that they relaxed during contractions and their attention shifted away from the pain. In Febby's (2019) study, it was stated that the mother felt more comfortable with the rebozo technique, that it caused a hug-like feeling in the mother, causing the release of oxytocin, which could make the birth process faster and less painful, and that it could increase the sense of comfort among mothers. In a qualitative study, it was reported that pregnant women felt physically good with the application of the rebozo technique, that it was effective in reducing pain, and that especially when applied by midwives, it created great satisfaction in the mother. The application of the technique by midwives during labor will ensure that the pregnant woman actively participates in the labor, establishes a relationship of trust between the midwife and the pregnant woman, helps the pregnant woman cope with the pain of labor, and increases satisfaction with the labor. In the literature, it has been determined that rebozo application in the active phase reduces anxiety level and pain score and increases satisfaction. In a study, it was stated that the rebozo technique increases the rate of fetal descent and cervical dilatation. In another study, it was determined that the length of the second stage of labor with the rebozo technique was 27.07 minutes shorter than the control group. There are limited clinical studies conducted in our country with the rebozo technique. There is no study evaluating the results of partner-assisted rebozo application in the intrapartum period. For this reason, it is important to conduct evidence-based studies examining the effects of the use of rebozo technique in labor. This randomized controlled study will contribute to the literature.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- It was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| husband supported rebozo group | Experimental | Other: Husband assisted rebozo applicationIn the partner-assisted rebozo group, information will be provided to the partner and the pregnant woman with the education booklet created during the latent phase and training will be provided. When the pregnant woman reaches 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm and 8-9 cm vaginal dilation, the data collection forms and scale forms determined for the pregnant woman in the partner-assisted rebozo group will be filled in before the rebozo application. Rebozo application will be applied to the pregnant woman for three contractions. A re-evaluation will be made after the rebozo application. The determined scales will be applied at the 4th hour in the postpartum period. |
| midwife assisted rebozo group | Experimental | Other: Midwife assisted rebozo applicationIn the midwife-assisted rebozo group, information will be provided to the pregnant woman with the education booklet created during the latent phase and training will be provided. When the pregnant woman reaches 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm and 8-9 cm vaginal dilation, the data collection forms and scale forms determined for the pregnant woman in the midwife-assisted rebozo group will be filled in before the rebozo application. Rebozo application will be applied to the pregnant woman for three contractions. A re-evaluation will be made after the rebozo application. The determined scales will be applied at the 4th hour in the postpartum period. |
| control group | No intervention | –In the control group, when the pregnant woman reaches 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm and 8-9 cm vaginal opening, the same measurements will be made and the woman will continue to receive routine care, and then the measurements will be repeated. In the 4th hour after birth, the determined scales will be applied. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Being literate,
- Knowing Turkish,
- Being over 18 years of age,
- Being primiparous,
- Having a single fetus and cephalic presentation,
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Being multiparous,
- Having multiple pregnancies,
- Women with any chronic disease,
- Women with a diagnosed psychiatric disease,
- Pregnant women with spine and bone structure problems.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Husband assisted rebozo applicationAt 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm and 8-9 cm, the pregnant woman will be given a rebozo by her husband. | Other | husband supported rebozo group |
| Midwife assisted rebozo applicationThe midwife will apply rebozo to the pregnant woman at 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm and 8-9 cm. | Other | midwife assisted rebozo group |
Primary outcome
Visual analog scale (VAS)
Time frame: 8 hours
Visual analog scale (VAS): The pain levels of the participants will be evaluated with the Visual analog scale (VAS). It was developed by Bond and Pilowski in 1966 in order to describe the severity of pain in individuals numerically. This measurement tool is a 10 cm long ruler. While the expression "no pain" is written on the left end, the expression "unbearable pain" is written on the right end. Since it has linear properties, the difference between each increase is equal. It is the most commonly used single-dimensional scale type because it does not guide individuals with numbers due to its usage feature, the evaluation is easy and fast, and it gives results in a short time. A VAS value approaching 10 indicates that the pain is very severe, while a value approaching 0 is evaluated as the pain has decreased.
Birth Satisfaction Scale:
Time frame: 8 hours
Birth Satisfaction Scale: Participants' satisfaction levels will be assessed with the Birth Satisfaction Scale. The scale, which was developed to assess women's perceptions of birth, was developed by Martin and Fleming in 2009. Its Turkish validity and reliability were made by Çoşar Çetin and colleagues in 2015. The scale is Likert-type and is scored from 5 (Strongly agree) to 1 (Strongly disagree). Items 4, 8, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, and 29 are scored reversely. The scale has 30 items and the possible score varies between 30-150. There is no cut-off point for the scale. As the score increases, satisfaction with birth increases. The scale has 3 sub-dimensions: Quality of care (home assessment, birth environment, adequate support and communication with healthcare personnel), personal characteristics of women (ability to cope with birth, sense of control, preparation for birth, communication with the baby), and stress experienced during the birth process (experiencing distre
Fear of Childbirth Scale:
Time frame: 8 hours
Fear of Childbirth Scale: Participants' fear levels will be assessed with the Fear of Childbirth Scale. The scale measures fear during childbirth. The scale, developed by Wijma et al. (2002), was validated in Turkish by Serçekuş et al. in 2017 for validity and reliability. The scale measuring fear during childbirth consists of 10 items. The scale takes 30-90 seconds to administer. Each item in the scale is asked to be scored from 1 (completely disagree) to 10 (completely agree). The possible scores from the scale are between 10-100. A high score indicates high fear. It is an extremely practical scale in terms of application. 5 items (1,3,5,7,10) in the scale are positive and 5 items (2,4,6,8,9) are negative. The 5 items with positive meanings on the scale are reverse scored. The scale can be applied to all multiparous and primiparous women who are admitted to the delivery room and have cervical dilatation of 3 cm or more. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the scale is 0.88
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Nov 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
DİLAN C Phd Candidate principal investigator
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Husband assisted rebozo application and Midwife assisted rebozo application in people with Rebozo at Birth, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 10 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Visual analog scale (VAS) (time frame: 8 hours). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Nov 2026.