Balance Rehabilitation Based on Serious Games

Time up and go test assess fall risk and measure the progress of balance, sit to stand and walking. Simple screening test that is a sensitive and specific measure of probability for falls among older adults. Materials needed consist in one chair with armrest, stopwatch and tape for mark 3 meters. Patients wear their regular footwear and can use a walking aid, if needed. The patient starts in a seated position and stands up upon therapist's command: walks 3 meters, turns around, walks back to the chair and sits down meanwhile he counting backwards in threes from a random start point. The time stops when the patient is seated. Be sure to document the assistive device used. The score is calculated in seconds and high scores indicate an elevate risk of fallTUG

Passive ROM refers to the movement of a joint through its range of motion by an external force. It's calculated using goniometer. Goniometer measures with a sensitivity of 1 degree. Elevated degrees of p-rom means high joint mobility.

The 10 Metre Walk Test is a performance measure used to assess walking or gait speed in meters per second over a short distance. It can be employed to determine functional mobility, gait, and vestibular function. Equipment required consists of a walkway of 10m with additional 2m at both ends, marked with tape, for acceleration \& deceleration (14 m total). The 14-metre walkway is marked 0-, 2-, 12-, and 14-metre points. In addition is required 2 chairs and stopwatch (or timer). The total time taken to ambulate 10 meters is recorded in this way: timing starts when the toes pass the 2-meter mark and stops when the toes pass the 12-meter mark. The total time is recorded in m/s. Low total time in 10MWT means that gait speed is elevate.

The hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS) is a questionnaire intended to be used to assess patient's opinions about their hip and associated problems and to evaluate their symptoms and functional limitations during a therapeutic process. HOOS JR is developed based on the original 40-question questionnaire HOOS. HOOS JR has 6 items and it is shorter than original HOOS.

The HOOS is meant to be used over short and long-term intervals to assess changes over time or the effect of treatment. Factors that should be considered when using the HOOS include age, sex, weight, geographic location, other chronic diseases, history of an inactive hip problem, contralateral hip disease, and active knee, ankle, or foot problems. Each question allows for a score ranging from 0 to 4, where 0 corresponds to the absence of symptoms and 4 corresponds to the most severe symptom.

The Medical Research Council Scale (also known as Oxford Scale) is a numerical rating scale used to quantify the power or strength produced by the contraction of a muscle. The main muscle groups investigated are:

Ankle Dorsiflexion, Ankle Plantiflexion, Knee Extension, Knee Flexion, Hip Flexion and Hip Extension. Muscle Grading Scores consists in:

0-No detectable muscle contraction (visible or palpation);

1. Detectable contraction (visible or palpation), but no movement achieved;
2. Limb movement achieved, but unable to move against gravity;
3. Limb movement against resistance of gravity;
4. Limb movement against gravity and external resistance;
5. Normal strength.

The Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living is an ordinal scale which measures a person's ability to complete activities of daily living (ADL). The Barthel Index measures the degree of assistance required by an individual on ten mobility and self-care ADL items. The ten items are scored with a number of points, and then a final score is calculated by summing the points awarded to each functional skill. This allows the examiner to measure a patient's functional disability by quantifying their performance. Scores can be assigned either via direct assessment / observation or from reliable interviews with the patient, family, or staff. Research also suggests that the examiner's "common sense" and clinical experience can be used to assign scores. The higher the score, the more independent the patient is in completing the measured ADLs. Higher scores also indicate the patient is more likely to return home, with varying degrees of assistance, following hospital discharge.

A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is one of the pain rating scales.It is often used in epidemiologic and clinical research to measure the intensity or frequency of various symptoms. From the patient's perspective, this spectrum appears continuous; their pain does not take discrete jumps, as a categorization of none, mild, moderate and severe would suggest. It was to capture this idea of an underlying continuum that the VAS was devised. The pain VAS is a unidimensional measure of pain intensity, used to record patients' pain progression, or compare pain severity between patients with similar conditions.

The VAS allows you to assign a value to pain from 1 to 10, where 1 corresponds to no pain and 10 corresponds to the maximum pain perceived by the patient in his life.

Activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale is a structured questionnaire that measures an individual's confidence during ambulatory activities without falling or experiencing a sense of unsteadiness. It consists of 16 questions gauging the individual's confidence while doing activities. The ABC scale is reported to be an accurate measure to identify individuals with a fall risk in populations of stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, vestibular disorders, in elderly, and in other neurological conditions that can affect balance. Its a 16-item questionnaire where patients' rate their confidence while doing activities with a scoring from 0-100 (0 is no confidence and 100 is full confidence).