Tobacco Product Beliefs and UseNCT06927700
Effects of FDA Authorized Smokeless Tobacco Claims Among US Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes
A study testing Modified Risk Claim Type - None, Product Brand - General Snus and Product Brand - Copenhagen in people with Tobacco Product Beliefs and Use, run by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study will be an online survey experiment conducted with adults who smoke cigarettes (ages 21+) to examine their reactions to modified risk advertising claims authorized by the Food \& Drug Administration (FDA) for two smokeless tobacco brands (General Snus and Copenhagen), which describe the lower risks of these… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Tobacco Product Beliefs and Use
- What is being tested?
- Modified Risk Claim Type - None, Product Brand - General Snus and Product Brand - Copenhagen
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,257 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 24 Apr 2025to 4 May 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults (age 21 and over) who are current established cigarettes smokers (i.e., smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and now smoke every day or somedays), based in the US, members of Ipsos' KnowledgePanel, and have chosen to complete their research panel surveys in English
Who cannot join
- Panel participants who do not meet the criteria outlined above will be excluded.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies
New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901
About this study
This study will be an online survey experiment conducted with adults who smoke cigarettes (ages 21+) to examine their reactions to modified risk advertising claims authorized by the Food \& Drug Administration (FDA) for two smokeless tobacco brands (General Snus and Copenhagen), which describe the lower risks of these products compared to cigarette smoking. The study will compare effects of ads with different two different claim types (i.e. claims about reduced lung cancer risk and claims about reduced risks for multiple disease) versus ads with no reduced-risk claims, and examine effects on message and product perceptions, and interest in using the smokeless tobacco products. This study will also examine how smokers' reactions/interest may vary based on the product brand, and asses prior awareness/exposure to the authorized claims.
- Conditions
- Tobacco Product Beliefs and Use
- Being tested
- Modified Risk Claim Type - None, Product Brand - General Snus, Product Brand - Copenhagen, Modified Risk Claim Type - Multiple Diseases, Modified Risk Claim Type - Lung Cancer
- Keywords
- smokeless tobacco, tobacco advertising, modified risk claims, snus, moist snuff
- Medical subject headings
- Tobacco Use
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Modified Risk Claim Type - NoneBehavioural
Participants will view smokeless tobacco ads with no modified risk claim (control)
Product Brand - General SnusBehavioural
Participants will views ads for the smokeless tobacco brand General Snus
Product Brand - CopenhagenBehavioural
Participants will views ads for the smokeless tobacco brand Copenhagen
Modified Risk Claim Type - Multiple DiseasesBehavioural
Participants will view smokeless tobacco ads with a claim about lower risks for multiple diseases
Modified Risk Claim Type - Lung CancerBehavioural
Participants will either view smokeless tobacco ads with a modified risk claim about lower risks for lung cancer only
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1 (General Snus-Control Ads) | Other | Participants in this group will view 4 ads for the brand General Snus that do not include a modified risk claim. Receives: Behavioral: Modified Risk Claim Type - None; Behavioral: Product Brand - General Snus |
| Group 2 (General Snus-Multiple Disease Ads) | Experimental | Participants in this group will view 4 ads for the brand General Snus that include a modified risk claim about the lower risk of multiple diseases. Receives: Behavioral: Product Brand - General Snus; Behavioral: Modified Risk Claim Type - Multiple Diseases |
| Group 3 (General Snus- Lung Ads) | Experimental | Participants in this group will view 4 ads for the brand General Snus that include a modified risk claim about the lower risk of lung cancer only. Receives: Behavioral: Product Brand - General Snus; Behavioral: Modified Risk Claim Type - Lung Cancer |
| Group 4 (Copenhagen-Control Ads) | Experimental | Participants in this group will view 4 ads for the brand Copenhagen that do not include a modified risk claim. Receives: Behavioral: Modified Risk Claim Type - None; Behavioral: Product Brand - Copenhagen |
| Group 5 (Copenhagen-Multiple Disease Ads) | Experimental | Participants in this group will view 4 ads for the brand Copenhagen that include a modified risk claim about the lower risk of multiple diseases. Receives: Behavioral: Product Brand - Copenhagen; Behavioral: Modified Risk Claim Type - Multiple Diseases |
| Group 6 (Copenhagen- Lung Ads) | Experimental | Participants in this group will view 4 ads for the brand Copenhagen that include a modified risk claim about the lower risk of lung cancer only. Receives: Behavioral: Product Brand - Copenhagen; Behavioral: Modified Risk Claim Type - Lung Cancer |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
General Relative Harm Perception
Single item measure asking participants how harmful they think daily use of the viewed smokeless tobacco product would be to their health compared to daily cigarette smoking, (1=a lot less harmful, 2=somewhat less harmful, 3=about the same, 4=somewhat more harmful, 5=a lot more harmful). Higher scores mean thinking the viewed smokeless tobacco product is more harmful than cigarettes.
Measured: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Perceptions of Perceived Relative Risks of Diseases
Assessment of perceived risks of getting various smoking related diseases from using the viewed smokeless tobacco product versus from smoking cigarettes. Responses to 6 parallel questions (each asking about a different disease) were averaged together in this composite item. The question stated: "If you used only [General Snus/Copenhagen - inserted based on brand condition] or only cigarettes every day, which product would make it more likely that you would get": 1) lung cancer; 2) heart disease; 3) mouth cancer; 4) stroke; 5) chronic bronchitis; 6) emphysema. Response options to each were on a 5 point scale from (1=much more likely with General Snus/Copenhagen to 5=much more likely with cigarettes). Results presented here are based on the averages responses to the six items. Higher scores mean thinking risks are greater from smoking cigarettes than from using the viewed smokeless tobacco product.
Measured: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Absolute Harm Perception
Single item measure asking participants how likely or unlikely they think the viewed smokeless tobacco product would be to cause serious health problems during their lifetime, if they used it every day (from 1=not at all likely to 5=extremely likely). Higher scores mean greater likelihood of thinking the product is harmful to health.
Measured: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Product Use Intentions
Assessment of intentions to use the viewed smokeless tobacco products based on averaging responses to three parallel questions: "Thinking about the ads you saw for [General Snus or Copenhagen] products, how interested, in the next 6 months, would you be in: 1) Using or trying these products? 2) Using these products as a way to quit or cut down on your cigarette smoking? 3) Completely switching from cigarettes to these products? Response options to each were on a 5 point scale from (1=not at all interested to 5=extremely interested). Results presented here are based on the averaged responses to these three items. Higher scores mean greater interest in using the products.
Measured: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Secondary outcomes (5)
Risk Message Recall
Participants are asked to recall (yes/no) if the ads they viewed include any statement saying that using the product can lower risks of certain diseases.
Measured: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Ad Persuasiveness
A composite measure based on the average of 6 advertisement perceptions, asking participants to rate whether they agreed or disagreed that they ads they viewed: 1) included important information; 2) were understandable; 3) included believable information; 4) included credible information; 5) included information new to me; 6) make me want to learn more about those products. Response options were on a 6 point agreement scale from 1=strongly disagree to 6=strongly agree. Higher scores mean greater agreement that the ads were effective and persuasive.
Measured: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Claim Believability & Credibility
A composite measure based on the average of 2 claim perception items, asking participants to rate whether they agreed or disagreed that the modified-risk claim in the ads they viewed was : 1) believable 2) credible. Participants responded to this while seeing the claim again on the survey screen. Response options were on a 7 point agreement scale from 1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree. Higher scores mean greater agreement that the claims were believable and credible.
Measured: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Overall Perceived Claim Persuasiveness
A composite measure based on the average of 7 claim perception items, asking participants to rate whether they agreed or disagreed that the modified-risk claim in the ads they viewed was : 1) believable; 2) credible; 3) important; 4) new to me; 5) makes me think using this product could be less harmful to my health than smoking; 6) makes me more interested in trying this product; 7) would make me think seriously about completely switching to this product. Participants responded to this while seeing the claim again on the survey screen. Response options were on a 7 point agreement scale from 1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree. Higher scores mean greater agreement that participants thought the claim was persuasive/effective.
Measured: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Switching Comprehension
An item assessing participants' understanding of the need to completely switch to the smokeless tobacco product viewed in order to reduce risks. It said:
Please answer the next question based on your understanding of the ads you viewed earlier. Based on the ads, [General Snus OR Copenhagen, inserted based on condition] can reduce a smoker's health risks if you: (Select all that apply)
- Use only [General Snus/Copenhagen] and not smoke any cigarettes anymore
- Use [General Snus/Copenhagen] and smoke fewer cigarettes than before
- Use both products ([General Snus/Copenhagen] and cigarettes) about equally
- None of the above
- I don't know/not sure
Measured: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Apr 2025
- Study start24 Apr 2025
- Primary completion4 May 2025
- Study completion4 May 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Tobacco Product Beliefs and UseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 1,257 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Olivia A. Wackowski, PhD, MPH, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
- Investigators
- Olivia A Wackowski, PhD, MPH, Principal investigator, Rutgers University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06927700
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Pro2024000097
- Other IDs
- R21CA289541
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 4 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: The study ad stimuli, survey instrument, codebook, and de-identified dataset will be deposited to a data repository - we anticipate this will be the National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program (NAHDAP), currently managed by ICPSR at the University of Michigan.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of FDA Authorized Smokeless Tobacco Claims Among US Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06927700
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Pro2024000097
- Conditions
- Tobacco Product Beliefs and Use
- Keywords
- smokeless tobacco, tobacco advertising, modified risk claims, snus, moist snuff
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,257 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Study start
- 24 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 4 May 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 4 May 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 4 Mar 2026
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will be an online survey experiment conducted with adults who smoke cigarettes (ages 21+) to examine their reactions to modified risk advertising claims authorized by the Food \& Drug Administration (FDA) for two smokeless tobacco brands (General Snus and Copenhagen), which describe the lower risks of these products compared to cigarette smoking. The study will compare effects of ads with different two different claim types (i.e. claims about reduced lung cancer risk and claims about reduced risks for multiple disease) versus ads with no reduced-risk claims, and examine effects on message and product perceptions, and interest in using the smokeless tobacco products. This study will also examine how smokers' reactions/interest may vary based on the product brand, and asses prior awareness/exposure to the authorized claims.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 6
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1 (General Snus-Control Ads) | Other | Behavioral: Modified Risk Claim Type - None, Behavioral: Product Brand - General SnusParticipants in this group will view 4 ads for the brand General Snus that do not include a modified risk claim. |
| Group 2 (General Snus-Multiple Disease Ads) | Experimental | Behavioral: Product Brand - General Snus, Behavioral: Modified Risk Claim Type - Multiple DiseasesParticipants in this group will view 4 ads for the brand General Snus that include a modified risk claim about the lower risk of multiple diseases. |
| Group 3 (General Snus- Lung Ads) | Experimental | Behavioral: Product Brand - General Snus, Behavioral: Modified Risk Claim Type - Lung CancerParticipants in this group will view 4 ads for the brand General Snus that include a modified risk claim about the lower risk of lung cancer only. |
| Group 4 (Copenhagen-Control Ads) | Experimental | Behavioral: Modified Risk Claim Type - None, Behavioral: Product Brand - CopenhagenParticipants in this group will view 4 ads for the brand Copenhagen that do not include a modified risk claim. |
| Group 5 (Copenhagen-Multiple Disease Ads) | Experimental | Behavioral: Product Brand - Copenhagen, Behavioral: Modified Risk Claim Type - Multiple DiseasesParticipants in this group will view 4 ads for the brand Copenhagen that include a modified risk claim about the lower risk of multiple diseases. |
| Group 6 (Copenhagen- Lung Ads) | Experimental | Behavioral: Product Brand - Copenhagen, Behavioral: Modified Risk Claim Type - Lung CancerParticipants in this group will view 4 ads for the brand Copenhagen that include a modified risk claim about the lower risk of lung cancer only. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Adults (age 21 and over) who are current established cigarettes smokers (i.e., smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and now smoke every day or somedays), based in the US, members of Ipsos' KnowledgePanel, and have chosen to complete their research panel surveys in English
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Panel participants who do not meet the criteria outlined above will be excluded.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Modified Risk Claim Type - NoneParticipants will view smokeless tobacco ads with no modified risk claim (control) | Behavioural | Group 1 (General Snus-Control Ads), Group 4 (Copenhagen-Control Ads) |
| Product Brand - General SnusParticipants will views ads for the smokeless tobacco brand General Snus | Behavioural | Group 1 (General Snus-Control Ads), Group 2 (General Snus-Multiple Disease Ads), Group 3 (General Snus- Lung Ads) |
| Product Brand - CopenhagenParticipants will views ads for the smokeless tobacco brand Copenhagen | Behavioural | Group 4 (Copenhagen-Control Ads), Group 5 (Copenhagen-Multiple Disease Ads), Group 6 (Copenhagen- Lung Ads) |
| Modified Risk Claim Type - Multiple DiseasesParticipants will view smokeless tobacco ads with a claim about lower risks for multiple diseases | Behavioural | Group 2 (General Snus-Multiple Disease Ads), Group 5 (Copenhagen-Multiple Disease Ads) |
| Modified Risk Claim Type - Lung CancerParticipants will either view smokeless tobacco ads with a modified risk claim about lower risks for lung cancer only | Behavioural | Group 3 (General Snus- Lung Ads), Group 6 (Copenhagen- Lung Ads) |
Primary outcome
General Relative Harm Perception
Time frame: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Single item measure asking participants how harmful they think daily use of the viewed smokeless tobacco product would be to their health compared to daily cigarette smoking, (1=a lot less harmful, 2=somewhat less harmful, 3=about the same, 4=somewhat more harmful, 5=a lot more harmful). Higher scores mean thinking the viewed smokeless tobacco product is more harmful than cigarettes.
Perceptions of Perceived Relative Risks of Diseases
Time frame: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Assessment of perceived risks of getting various smoking related diseases from using the viewed smokeless tobacco product versus from smoking cigarettes. Responses to 6 parallel questions (each asking about a different disease) were averaged together in this composite item. The question stated: "If you used only [General Snus/Copenhagen - inserted based on brand condition] or only cigarettes every day, which product would make it more likely that you would get": 1) lung cancer; 2) heart disease; 3) mouth cancer; 4) stroke; 5) chronic bronchitis; 6) emphysema. Response options to each were on a 5 point scale from (1=much more likely with General Snus/Copenhagen to 5=much more likely with cigarettes). Results presented here are based on the averages responses to the six items. Higher scores mean thinking risks are greater from smoking cigarettes than from using the viewed smokeless tobacco product.
Absolute Harm Perception
Time frame: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Single item measure asking participants how likely or unlikely they think the viewed smokeless tobacco product would be to cause serious health problems during their lifetime, if they used it every day (from 1=not at all likely to 5=extremely likely). Higher scores mean greater likelihood of thinking the product is harmful to health.
Product Use Intentions
Time frame: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Assessment of intentions to use the viewed smokeless tobacco products based on averaging responses to three parallel questions: "Thinking about the ads you saw for [General Snus or Copenhagen] products, how interested, in the next 6 months, would you be in: 1) Using or trying these products? 2) Using these products as a way to quit or cut down on your cigarette smoking? 3) Completely switching from cigarettes to these products? Response options to each were on a 5 point scale from (1=not at all interested to 5=extremely interested). Results presented here are based on the averaged responses to these three items. Higher scores mean greater interest in using the products.
5 secondary outcomes
Risk Message Recall
Time frame: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Ad Persuasiveness
Time frame: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Claim Believability & Credibility
Time frame: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Overall Perceived Claim Persuasiveness
Time frame: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Switching Comprehension
Time frame: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Mar 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Information about FDA's authorization of modified risk order for Copenhagen snuffLink provided by the sponsor.
- Information about FDA's authorization of modified risk order for General Snus productsLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. The study ad stimuli, survey instrument, codebook, and de-identified dataset will be deposited to a data repository - we anticipate this will be the National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program (NAHDAP), currently managed by ICPSR at the University of Michigan.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Olivia A Wackowski, PhD, MPH principal investigator
Rutgers University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Modified Risk Claim Type - None, Product Brand - General Snus and Product Brand - Copenhagen in people with Tobacco Product Beliefs and Use, run by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 4 Mar 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
General Relative Harm Perception (time frame: Assessed in survey measures completed immediately after viewing the study stimuli). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Mar 2026.