DementiaCSTNCT06932991
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy - Effects on Cognitive and Functional Domains in Dementia - A Retrospective Data Review
An observational study of Dementia, run by Northumbria University at 1 site in United Kingdom.
Trial summary
This retrospective, single-blind, parallel group study investigates the efficacy of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) compared to Reality Orientation and Reminiscence Therapy (RO\&RM) in enhancing cognitive and functional domains in older adults with mild to moderate dementia. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 65 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dementia
- What is being tested?
- Cognitive Remediation
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- How many people
- 160 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Kingdom
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2021to 2 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 65 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Older adult
Study population: Older people who are residence in a 24/7 care home
Who may be able to join
- participants had to be 65 years old or above, live in Hong Kong and had a diagnosis for dementia in medical history
Who cannot join
- any major neurological illness other than dementia, any psychiatric disorder or a known history of substance abuse.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy vs. Reality Orientation & Reminiscence Therapy: Effects on Cognitive and Functional Domains in Dementia - Retrospective Study
This retrospective, single-blind, parallel group study investigates the efficacy of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) compared to Reality Orientation and Reminiscence Therapy (RO\&RM) in enhancing cognitive and functional domains in older adults with mild to moderate dementia.
Read the detailed description
Through data review, this retrospective, single-blind, parallel group study investigates the efficacy of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) compared to Reality Orientation and Reminiscence Therapy (RO\&RM) in enhancing cognitive and functional domains in older adults with mild to moderate dementia.
- Conditions
- Dementia
- Being tested
- Cognitive Remediation
- Keywords
- older adults, dementia
- Medical subject headings
- Dementia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Cognitive RemediationBehavioural
cognitive remediation
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive Stimulation Therapy | Therapy in the CST arm focused on improving participants' attention span, memory and problem-solving skills using paper and pen, table games or computer programs. Receives: Behavioral: Cognitive Remediation | |
| RO&RM arm | with the use of orientation boards, calendars, clocks, verbal reminders, and different environmental cues to reduce participants' confusion, disorientation and behavioral problems. Receives: Behavioral: Cognitive Remediation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Kendrick Cognitive Test for the Elderly (KCTE).
Participants' attention and episodic memory were quantified using the Kendrick Cognitive Test for the Elderly (KCTE).
Measured: Baseline line and six-month
Secondary outcomes (1)
The Chinese Disability Assessment for Dementia (CDAD)
for assessing executive function in older adults with dementia. Its focus on initiating, planning, and executing activities provides a practical and ecologically valid measure of executive dysfunction, aligning closely with the real-world challenges faced by older Chinese people with dementia.
Measured: Baseline and 6-month after the start of the program
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Apr 2025
- Study start1 Sep 2021
- Primary completion2 Apr 2025
- Study completion2 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DementiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 160 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Northumbria University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Frank Lai, Northumbria University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06932991
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CST - Retrospective Datareview
- Acronym
- CST
- Status last verified
- Apr 2025
- First submitted
- 10 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 31 May 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Spector A, Thorgrimsen L, Woods B, Royan L, Davies S, Butterworth M, Orrell M. Efficacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy programme for people with dementia: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2003 Sep;183:248-54. doi: 10.1192/bjp.183.3.248.
PubMed 12948999Mok CC, Siu AM, Chan WC, Yeung KM, Pan PC, Li SW. Functional disabilities profile of chinese elderly people with Alzheimer's disease - a validation study on the chinese version of the disability assessment for dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005;20(2-3):112-9. doi: 10.1159/000086612. Epub 2005 Jun 30.
PubMed 15990425
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 May 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Cognitive Stimulation Therapy vs. Reality Orientation & Reminiscence Therapy: Effects on Cognitive and Functional Domains in Dementia - Retrospective Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06932991
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CST / CST - Retrospective Datareview
- Conditions
- Dementia
- Keywords
- older adults, dementia
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 160 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Northumbria UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 2 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 2 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This retrospective, single-blind, parallel group study investigates the efficacy of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) compared to Reality Orientation and Reminiscence Therapy (RO\&RM) in enhancing cognitive and functional domains in older adults with mild to moderate dementia.
Detailed description
Through data review, this retrospective, single-blind, parallel group study investigates the efficacy of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) compared to Reality Orientation and Reminiscence Therapy (RO\&RM) in enhancing cognitive and functional domains in older adults with mild to moderate dementia.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive Stimulation Therapy | – | Behavioral: Cognitive RemediationTherapy in the CST arm focused on improving participants' attention span, memory and problem-solving skills using paper and pen, table games or computer programs. |
| RO&RM arm | – | Behavioral: Cognitive Remediationwith the use of orientation boards, calendars, clocks, verbal reminders, and different environmental cues to reduce participants' confusion, disorientation and behavioral problems. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 65 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
- Study population
- Older people who are residence in a 24/7 care home
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- participants had to be 65 years old or above, live in Hong Kong and had a diagnosis for dementia in medical history
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- any major neurological illness other than dementia, any psychiatric disorder or a known history of substance abuse.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive Remediationcognitive remediation | Behavioural | Cognitive Stimulation Therapy, RO&RM arm |
Primary outcome
Kendrick Cognitive Test for the Elderly (KCTE).
Time frame: Baseline line and six-month
Participants' attention and episodic memory were quantified using the Kendrick Cognitive Test for the Elderly (KCTE).
1 secondary outcome
The Chinese Disability Assessment for Dementia (CDAD)
Time frame: Baseline and 6-month after the start of the program
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 May 2025.
- Results publication: PubMed 12948999Spector A, Thorgrimsen L, Woods B, Royan L, Davies S, Butterworth M, Orrell M. Efficacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy programme for people with dementia: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2003 Sep;183:248-54. doi: 10.1192/bjp.183.3.248.
- Results publication: PubMed 15990425Mok CC, Siu AM, Chan WC, Yeung KM, Pan PC, Li SW. Functional disabilities profile of chinese elderly people with Alzheimer's disease - a validation study on the chinese version of the disability assessment for dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005;20(2-3):112-9. doi: 10.1159/000086612. Epub 2005 Jun 30.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Dementia, run by Northumbria University at 1 site in United Kingdom.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 May 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Kendrick Cognitive Test for the Elderly (KCTE). (time frame: Baseline line and six-month). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06932991, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 May 2025.