Occupational Toxicity and Health Hazards of the Healthcare Providers at Healthcare Facilities in Sulaimani City, IraqHBM PPENCT06933082
Health Beliefs Model, Enhancing Workers' Adherence,Personal Protective Equipment
A study testing An intervention program has been developed acceding to The field visit conducted by researcher before the start of the study and observed the work environment and the lack of commitment of workers t in people with Occupational Toxicity and Health Hazards of the Healthcare Providers at Healthcare Facilities in Sulaimani City, Iraq, run by University of Baghdad at 2 sites in Iraq.
Trial summary
Personal protective equipment is designed to protect workers from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 60 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Occupational Toxicity and Health Hazards of the Healthcare Providers at Healthcare Facilities in Sulaimani City, Iraq
- What is being tested?
- An intervention program has been developed acceding to The field visit conducted by researcher before the start of the study and observed the work environment and the lack of commitment of workers t
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesIraq
- Study dates
- 6 Jun 2024to 25 Sep 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 60 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- workers' working in factories with high occupational hazards and morning staff work.
Who cannot join
- officials , administrative department employees,employees who did not agree to participate and those who are work in evening shift.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Efficacy of the Health Beliefs Model - Based Intervention in Enhancing Workers' Adherence to Wearing Personal Protective Equipment in Diyala State Company:
Personal protective equipment is designed to protect workers from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. It may include items such as gloves, safety glasses and shoes, earplugs or muffs, hard hats, respirators, and full body suits.
True experimental design, using randomized controlled trial approach, is carried throughout the present study to determine the efficacy of applying the Health Beliefs Model in enhancing health behaviors of workers related to personal protective equipment wear at Diyala state company for the period of February 1 2024 through January 1 2025.
Read more
The sample of the study is A probability, simple random sample and it consist of (100) worker, who are work at factories in Diyala state company .The sample is randomly selected and assigned to the study and control groups of (50) workers each for who are equally distributed from each factory.
The intervention for the study group involved a health intervention lecture about occupational hazards and personal protective equipment used based on HBM. Analyzed data using SPSS, Version 23 using descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics and mixed design analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Findings of this study depict that there were statistically significant differences among all concepts of the HBM related to occupational hazards prevention by using PPE.
This study concluded that Applying HBM demonstrates the importance of PPE use in prevention of occupational hazard or accident in workplace and has a positive impact on workers' behaviors.
Read the detailed description
Occupational Exposure to Lead, Nickel and Copper among Workers in Diyala State Company, The objective of this study was assessment occupational exposure to Pb, Ni, and Cu metals of workers in Diyala state company. Eighty two blood samples were collected (58 blood samples from workers working in the Diyala State Company and 24 samples from control samples for employees who don't relate with industrial emissions). Five ml. of venous blood was withdrawn for each sample. The concentration of Pb, Ni and Cu in the blood samples was determined by using the Flame less Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FLAAS), depending on the years of work, high levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu in company workers than controls with significant differences (p<0.05). the investigates noticed increase levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu with occupation period progression, where it is found the levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu scored highest mean within 21-34 occupation period, and least mean value at <1 occupation period . Based on occupational places, investigates noticed highest levels of Pb in Iron heart worker , Ni level was highest in painting worker , and Cu level was highest in wires worker and least of all metals was at controls. Depending on age stages, investigates showed increase levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu with age stages progression, where it is found the levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu scored highest mean within >50 age stage, while the least mean value of Pb, and Cu at 3-40 years age stage, and least mean value of Ni was at <30 age. Finally, we notice there are positive correlations among metals and workers age.
- Being tested
- An intervention program has been developed acceding to The field visit conducted by researcher before the start of the study and observed the work environment and the lack of commitment of workers t
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
An intervention program has been developed acceding to The field visit conducted by researcher before the start of the study and observed the work environment and the lack of commitment of workers tBehavioural
An intervention program has been developed acceding to The field visit conducted by researcher before the start of the study and observed the work environment and the lack of commitment of workers to implementing the occupational health and safety program despite the existence of this program in the company.this intervention program based on health belief model in improventing workers' adherence related to occupatioan hazards prevention by wearing PPE. Validity and pre-test are applied prior to the implementation of the intervention program. The program is comprised of five main lecture each lecture is designed and scheduled for at least (45) minutes which deals with changing of workers' health beliefs about occupatioan hazards prevention.All lectures are presented at conference hall in the company.The implementation of health intervention program is initiated during the period of June 20th, 2024 to June 25th, 2024. Each lecture is designed and scheduled for approximately (45)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| personal protective equipment | Experimental | The concept of perceived susceptibility: The worker's belief about the possibility of developing occupational hazards or accident.
1. Explain the concept of occupational diseases or hazards.
2. Present statistical studies on occupational hazards or diseases.
3. Types of occupational hazards
The second lecture includes:
Perceived severity Concept: A worker's belief about the severity of occupational hazards or accident include explain the impact of these risks on the health of workers and infrastructure.
A. Physical hazard effects. B. Psychosoical hazard effects. C. Chemical hazard effects. D. Mechanical hazard effects. E. electrical hazard effects F. Biological hazard effects. The concept of perceived barriers: the worker's belief about the effects that prevent him from preventing occupational hazards such as Contraindications for the use of personal protective equipment by the worker. Receives: Behavioral: An intervention program has been developed acceding to The field visit conducted by researcher before the start of the study and observed the work environment and the lack of commitment of workers t |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The data were analyzed and interpreted through use of the application of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0.
The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were calculated for the data. To explore group differences over time regarding wearing personal protective equipment to prevent or reduce occupational hazards, a repeated measures ANOVA was conducted. The Spear man correlation was used to examine the relationships between variables, while the point-bi-serial correlation was employed to find the association between binary and continuous variables. Normality of the data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
Measured: Four weeks after administering the applied HBM Intervention (July 25th, 2024) the researcher performed posttest-I for all study participants. Then, eight weeks later (25 Septamber, 2024) the researcher performed posttest-II.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Apr 2025
- Study start6 Jun 2024
- Primary completion17 Jun 2024
- Study completion25 Sep 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Occupational Toxicity and Health Hazards of the Healthcare Providers at Healthcare Facilities in Sulaimani City, IraqStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of BaghdadThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- At first, all participants in both groups underwent a pre-test to provide them with basic data. Then, the researcher applied the educational Program to the study group only using group lectures, PowerPoint Presentations, Posters, illustrations, and group discussion sessions. The Program includes five lectures, each lasting 40 minutes. Each one focused on specific topics and objectives, where the focus was on what occupational hazards, types of occupational hazards, are and how to prevent these hazards in the work environment, and presenting some statistics that were previously conducted in the same company to make workers know more about these hazards and adopt healthy behavior to prevent them. A guide was provided to these participants at the end of the educational intervention. Two follow-up sessions were held after the end of the intervention Program and after two months. All training sessions were held in conference room in Diyala state company. There was no training for the contro
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Baghdad
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nedaa Qahtan Touma, University of Baghdad
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06933082
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1/3/1/8/3812 on 27 May 2024
- Acronym
- HBM PPE
- Status last verified
- Apr 2025
- First submitted
- 3 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 18 Apr 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Apr 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Efficacy of the Health Beliefs Model - Based Intervention in Enhancing Workers' Adherence to Wearing Personal Protective Equipment in Diyala State Company:
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06933082
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HBM PPE / 1/3/1/8/3812 on 27 May 2024
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of BaghdadUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 6 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 17 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 25 Sep 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Personal protective equipment is designed to protect workers from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. It may include items such as gloves, safety glasses and shoes, earplugs or muffs, hard hats, respirators, and full body suits.
True experimental design, using randomized controlled trial approach, is carried throughout the present study to determine the efficacy of applying the Health Beliefs Model in enhancing health behaviors of workers related to personal protective equipment wear at Diyala state company for the period of February 1 2024 through January 1 2025.
The sample of the study is A probability, simple random sample and it consist of (100) worker, who are work at factories in Diyala state company .The sample is randomly selected and assigned to the study and control groups of (50) workers each for who are equally distributed from each factory.
The intervention for the study group involved a health intervention lecture about occupational hazards and personal protective equipment used based on HBM. Analyzed data using SPSS, Version 23 using descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics and mixed design analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Findings of this study depict that there were statistically significant differences among all concepts of the HBM related to occupational hazards prevention by using PPE.
This study concluded that Applying HBM demonstrates the importance of PPE use in prevention of occupational hazard or accident in workplace and has a positive impact on workers' behaviors.
Detailed description
Occupational Exposure to Lead, Nickel and Copper among Workers in Diyala State Company, The objective of this study was assessment occupational exposure to Pb, Ni, and Cu metals of workers in Diyala state company. Eighty two blood samples were collected (58 blood samples from workers working in the Diyala State Company and 24 samples from control samples for employees who don't relate with industrial emissions). Five ml. of venous blood was withdrawn for each sample. The concentration of Pb, Ni and Cu in the blood samples was determined by using the Flame less Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FLAAS), depending on the years of work, high levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu in company workers than controls with significant differences (p<0.05). the investigates noticed increase levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu with occupation period progression, where it is found the levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu scored highest mean within 21-34 occupation period, and least mean value at <1 occupation period . Based on occupational places, investigates noticed highest levels of Pb in Iron heart worker , Ni level was highest in painting worker , and Cu level was highest in wires worker and least of all metals was at controls. Depending on age stages, investigates showed increase levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu with age stages progression, where it is found the levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu scored highest mean within >50 age stage, while the least mean value of Pb, and Cu at 3-40 years age stage, and least mean value of Ni was at <30 age. Finally, we notice there are positive correlations among metals and workers age.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- At first, all participants in both groups underwent a pre-test to provide them with basic data. Then, the researcher applied the educational Program to the study group only using group lectures, PowerPoint Presentations, Posters, illustrations, and group discussion sessions. The Program includes five lectures, each lasting 40 minutes. Each one focused on specific topics and objectives, where the focus was on what occupational hazards, types of occupational hazards, are and how to prevent these hazards in the work environment, and presenting some statistics that were previously conducted in the same company to make workers know more about these hazards and adopt healthy behavior to prevent them. A guide was provided to these participants at the end of the educational intervention. Two follow-up sessions were held after the end of the intervention Program and after two months. All training sessions were held in conference room in Diyala state company. There was no training for the contro
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| personal protective equipment | Experimental | Behavioral: An intervention program has been developed acceding to The field visit conducted by researcher before the start of the study and observed the work environment and the lack of commitment of workers tThe concept of perceived susceptibility: The worker's belief about the possibility of developing occupational hazards or accident. 1. Explain the concept of occupational diseases or hazards. 2. Present statistical studies on occupational hazards or diseases. 3. Types of occupational hazards The second lecture includes: Perceived severity Concept: A worker's belief about the severity of occupational hazards or accident include explain the impact of these risks on the health of workers and infrastructure. A. Physical hazard effects. B. Psychosoical hazard effects. C. Chemical hazard effects. D. Mechanical hazard effects. E. electrical hazard effects F. Biological hazard effects. The concept of perceived barriers: the worker's belief about the effects that prevent him from preventing occupational hazards such as Contraindications for the use of personal protective equipment by the worker. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- workers' working in factories with high occupational hazards and morning staff work.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- officials , administrative department employees,employees who did not agree to participate and those who are work in evening shift.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| An intervention program has been developed acceding to The field visit conducted by researcher before the start of the study and observed the work environment and the lack of commitment of workers tAn intervention program has been developed acceding to The field visit conducted by researcher before the start of the study and observed the work environment and the lack of commitment of workers to implementing the occupational health and safety program despite the existence of this program in the company.this intervention program based on health belief model in improventing workers' adherence related to occupatioan hazards prevention by wearing PPE. Validity and pre-test are applied prior to the implementation of the intervention program. The program is comprised of five main lecture each lecture is designed and scheduled for at least (45) minutes which deals with changing of workers' health beliefs about occupatioan hazards prevention.All lectures are presented at conference hall in the company.The implementation of health intervention program is initiated during the period of June 20th, 2024 to June 25th, 2024. Each lecture is designed and scheduled for approximately (45) | Behavioural | personal protective equipment |
Primary outcome
The data were analyzed and interpreted through use of the application of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0.
Time frame: Four weeks after administering the applied HBM Intervention (July 25th, 2024) the researcher performed posttest-I for all study participants. Then, eight weeks later (25 Septamber, 2024) the researcher performed posttest-II.
The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were calculated for the data. To explore group differences over time regarding wearing personal protective equipment to prevent or reduce occupational hazards, a repeated measures ANOVA was conducted. The Spear man correlation was used to examine the relationships between variables, while the point-bi-serial correlation was employed to find the association between binary and continuous variables. Normality of the data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Apr 2025.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing An intervention program has been developed acceding to The field visit conducted by researcher before the start of the study and observed the work environment and the lack of commitment of workers t in people with Occupational Toxicity and Health Hazards of the Healthcare Providers at Healthcare Facilities in Sulaimani City, Iraq, run by University of Baghdad at 2 sites in Iraq.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Apr 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Iraq. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The data were analyzed and interpreted through use of the application of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0. (time frame: Four weeks after administering the applied HBM Intervention (July 25th, 2024) the researcher performed posttest-I for all study participants. Then, eight weeks later (25 Septamber, 2024) the researcher performed posttest-II.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Apr 2025.