Healthy VolunteersNCT06941454
Effect of Smartphone Usage
An observational study of Healthy Volunteers, run by University of Yalova.
Trial summary
Screen time is defined as the time spent on many electronic and technological devices such as laptops, tablets, televisions, game consoles, and smartphones. The largest portion of screen time is made up of smartphones, which are currently used at very high rates. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy Volunteers
- How many people
- 50 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 15 May 2025to 15 Feb 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Healthy Volunteers
Who may be able to join
- Between the ages of 18-30
- Have a smartphone usage period of the last 7 days
Who cannot join
- Having a severe medical condition
- Having any disease that may affect cognitive level
- Having any disease that may affect balance
- Being pregnant
- Having an orthopedic or neurological surgery within the last year
- Using a mobility assistive device
- Not owning a smartphone
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: Investigating the Effect of Smartphone Usage on Balance and Dual Task Performance in University Students
Screen time is defined as the time spent on many electronic and technological devices such as laptops, tablets, televisions, game consoles, and smartphones. The largest portion of screen time is made up of smartphones, which are currently used at very high rates. The increase in screen time, which describes the time an individual spends in front of technological devices, can pave the way for various physical problems when not controlled. The most important of these problems caused by excessive screen use due to increased smartphone use is postural disorders. Based on this, the original value of this research is to examine and reveal the effects of smartphone use on balance and dual-task performance. Scientific data can be reached on the negative effects of increased screen use caused by smartphone use.
Read the detailed description
Screen time is defined as the time spent on many electronic and technological devices such as laptops, tablets, televisions, game consoles, and smartphones. The largest portion of screen time is made up of smartphones, which are currently used at very high rates. The increase in screen time, which describes the time an individual spends in front of technological devices, can pave the way for various physical problems when not controlled. The most important of these problems caused by excessive screen use due to the increase in smartphone usage times is postural disorders. It was planned to examine and reveal the effects of smartphone usage time on balance and dual-task performance. This study was planned as a prospective cross-sectional study. It was planned to evaluate at least 50 participants. The average smartphone usage times of the participants will be recorded. Static and dynamic balance tests (Y Balance Test and Flamingo Test) will be applied and a cognitive task will be added to these tests by including smartphone usage, thus evaluating dual-task performance. The obtained data will be analyzed.
- Conditions
- Healthy Volunteers
- Keywords
- smartphone
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Smartphone usage time
The average daily smartphone usage time will be calculated by dividing the total smartphone usage time for the last week by 7. The average smartphone usage time will be recorded in minutes.
Measured: Baseline
Y Balance Test
The Y balance test is a time-efficient test that evaluates the dynamic limits of stability and asymmetric balance in three directions (anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral). The test setup consists of three tape measures with distances in cm on them, one located anteriorly, the other two posterolaterally and posteromedially.
Measured: Baseline
Flamingo Balance Test
During the test, the participant will be asked to stand on the board with his/her foot, lift his/her other foot off the ground, and hold his/her knee with the same hand to maximum flexion. The stopwatch will be started and the measurement will begin when the participant releases the hand of the researcher from whom he/she receives support. The stopwatch will be stopped when the participant releases his/her foot or when any part of his/her body touches the ground.
Measured: Baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Apr 2025
- Study start15 May 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion15 Dec 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Feb 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Healthy VolunteersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Yalova
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Pelin Tiryaki, University of Yalova
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06941454
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2209-A/123
- Status last verified
- Apr 2025
- First submitted
- 15 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 23 Apr 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Serdar CC, Cihan M, Yucel D, Serdar MA. Sample size, power and effect size revisited: simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2021 Feb 15;31(1):010502. doi: 10.11613/BM.2021.010502. Epub 2020 Dec 15.
PubMed 33380887Liebherr, M., Schubert, P., Antons, S., Montag, C., & Brand, M. (2020). Smartphones and attention, curse or blessing? - A review on the effects of smartphone usage on attention, inhibition, and working memory. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 1, 100005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2020.100005
Hill MW, Wdowski MM, Rosicka K, Kay AD, Muehlbauer T. Exploring the relationship of static and dynamic balance with muscle mechanical properties of the lower limbs in healthy young adults. Front Physiol. 2023 May 26;14:1168314. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1168314. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 37304823Fusco A, Giancotti GF, Fuchs PX, Wagner H, da Silva RA, Cortis C. Y balance test: Are we doing it right? J Sci Med Sport. 2020 Feb;23(2):194-199. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.09.016. Epub 2019 Sep 26.
PubMed 31601458Adamczewska-Chmiel K, Dudzic K, Chmiela T, Gorzkowska A. Smartphones, the Epidemic of the 21st Century: A Possible Source of Addictions and Neuropsychiatric Consequences. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 23;19(9):5152. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095152.
PubMed 35564547
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Apr 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Investigating the Effect of Smartphone Usage on Balance and Dual Task Performance in University Students
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06941454
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2209-A/123
- Conditions
- Healthy Volunteers
- Keywords
- smartphone
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of YalovaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 May 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 15 Dec 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Feb 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 23 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Screen time is defined as the time spent on many electronic and technological devices such as laptops, tablets, televisions, game consoles, and smartphones. The largest portion of screen time is made up of smartphones, which are currently used at very high rates. The increase in screen time, which describes the time an individual spends in front of technological devices, can pave the way for various physical problems when not controlled. The most important of these problems caused by excessive screen use due to increased smartphone use is postural disorders. Based on this, the original value of this research is to examine and reveal the effects of smartphone use on balance and dual-task performance. Scientific data can be reached on the negative effects of increased screen use caused by smartphone use.
Detailed description
Screen time is defined as the time spent on many electronic and technological devices such as laptops, tablets, televisions, game consoles, and smartphones. The largest portion of screen time is made up of smartphones, which are currently used at very high rates. The increase in screen time, which describes the time an individual spends in front of technological devices, can pave the way for various physical problems when not controlled. The most important of these problems caused by excessive screen use due to the increase in smartphone usage times is postural disorders. It was planned to examine and reveal the effects of smartphone usage time on balance and dual-task performance. This study was planned as a prospective cross-sectional study. It was planned to evaluate at least 50 participants. The average smartphone usage times of the participants will be recorded. Static and dynamic balance tests (Y Balance Test and Flamingo Test) will be applied and a cognitive task will be added to these tests by including smartphone usage, thus evaluating dual-task performance. The obtained data will be analyzed.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Healthy Volunteers
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Between the ages of 18-30
- Have a smartphone usage period of the last 7 days
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Having a severe medical condition
- Having any disease that may affect cognitive level
- Having any disease that may affect balance
- Being pregnant
- Having an orthopedic or neurological surgery within the last year
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Smartphone usage time
Time frame: Baseline
The average daily smartphone usage time will be calculated by dividing the total smartphone usage time for the last week by 7. The average smartphone usage time will be recorded in minutes.
Y Balance Test
Time frame: Baseline
The Y balance test is a time-efficient test that evaluates the dynamic limits of stability and asymmetric balance in three directions (anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral). The test setup consists of three tape measures with distances in cm on them, one located anteriorly, the other two posterolaterally and posteromedially.
Flamingo Balance Test
Time frame: Baseline
During the test, the participant will be asked to stand on the board with his/her foot, lift his/her other foot off the ground, and hold his/her knee with the same hand to maximum flexion. The stopwatch will be started and the measurement will begin when the participant releases the hand of the researcher from whom he/she receives support. The stopwatch will be stopped when the participant releases his/her foot or when any part of his/her body touches the ground.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Apr 2025.
- Background: PubMed 33380887Serdar CC, Cihan M, Yucel D, Serdar MA. Sample size, power and effect size revisited: simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2021 Feb 15;31(1):010502. doi: 10.11613/BM.2021.010502. Epub 2020 Dec 15.
- BackgroundLiebherr, M., Schubert, P., Antons, S., Montag, C., & Brand, M. (2020). Smartphones and attention, curse or blessing? - A review on the effects of smartphone usage on attention, inhibition, and working memory. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 1, 100005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2020.100005
- Background: PubMed 37304823Hill MW, Wdowski MM, Rosicka K, Kay AD, Muehlbauer T. Exploring the relationship of static and dynamic balance with muscle mechanical properties of the lower limbs in healthy young adults. Front Physiol. 2023 May 26;14:1168314. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1168314. eCollection 2023.
- Background: PubMed 31601458Fusco A, Giancotti GF, Fuchs PX, Wagner H, da Silva RA, Cortis C. Y balance test: Are we doing it right? J Sci Med Sport. 2020 Feb;23(2):194-199. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.09.016. Epub 2019 Sep 26.
- Background: PubMed 35564547Adamczewska-Chmiel K, Dudzic K, Chmiela T, Gorzkowska A. Smartphones, the Epidemic of the 21st Century: A Possible Source of Addictions and Neuropsychiatric Consequences. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 23;19(9):5152. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095152.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Irritability
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Healthy Volunteers, run by University of Yalova.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Apr 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Pelin Tiryaki, PhD (+905343520042, ptpelintiryaki@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Smartphone usage time (time frame: Baseline). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06941454, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Apr 2025.