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AdolescentsINSPIRENCT06942637

Effectiveness of Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education (INSPIRE) on Mental Health Outcomes Among Indonesian Adolescents in Bandung

A study testing INSPIRE (Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education) in people with Adolescents and Health Knowledge, run by National University of Singapore at 1 site in Indonesia.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The INSPIRE (Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education) intervention is an 8-week, school-based mental health program designed to enhance adolescents' mental health literacy and resilience while addressing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Adolescents, Health Knowledge, Mental Health
What is being tested?
INSPIRE (Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education)
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
700 participants
Where
1 siteIndonesia
Study dates
28 Apr 2025to 7 Apr 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages Any age
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Child, Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Participants were initially restricted to students aged 13-15 years. However, the inclusion criteria in the RCT were subsequently broadened to encompass all junior high school students (grades 7-9) to ensure adequate recruitment and representativeness. Eligible students were required to be able to read, understand, and converse in Bahasa Indonesia.
  • The inclusion criteria for parents are as follows:
  • The biological father, mother, or an adult who fulfils a parental or guardian role for the participating adolescent
  • Able to understand and communicate in Bahasa Indonesia.

Who cannot join

  • Adolescents who are working, clinically diagnosed with severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia or psychosis, at high risk for mental health disorders (e.g., teenage pregnancy), or are cognitively impaired will be excluded.
  • Parents with severe mental disorders or cognitive impairment that may hinder participation will be excluded.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Indonesia1 site
  • Bandung City Education Office and Junior high schools (Sekolah Menengah Pertama)

    Bandung, West Java

Other trials in Indonesia

About this study

Official title: Effectiveness of Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education (INSPIRE) on Mental Health Outcomes Among Indonesian Adolescents in Bandung: A Randomised Controlled Trial and Process Evaluation

The INSPIRE (Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education) intervention is an 8-week, school-based mental health program designed to enhance adolescents' mental health literacy and resilience while addressing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Implementation is conducted by school counselors who undergo an intensive two-day training program. The intervention is supported by comprehensive curriculum materials including detailed lesson plans, activities, discussion prompts, and instructional slides featuring key concepts, visuals, and explanatory content. Supplementary materials are developed for both participating adolescents and their parents.

The study aims to:

Read more
  1. Evaluate the usability and feasibility of the INSPIRE intervention within the school environment.
  2. Assess the intervention's effectiveness in improving:
  • Primary outcome: Mental health knowledge among adolescents
  • Secondary outcomes: Attitudes toward mental health, help-seeking behaviors, mental health literacy, resilience, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents
  • Secondary outcomes: mental health knowledge, attitudes, help-seeking behaviors, and mental health literacy among parents
  1. Explore the experiences of intervention participants (both adolescents and parents) against the control group to develop comprehensive insights into the psychosocial intervention's impact.

The research hypothesis proposes that the INSPIRE intervention group will demonstrate significantly higher scores in mental health knowledge, more positive attitudes toward mental health, increased help-seeking behaviors, enhanced mental health literacy, and greater resilience, while simultaneously showing reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety compared to the control group receiving standard care. These outcomes will be measured immediately following the intervention (post-test 1) and at one-month follow-up (post-test 2).

Read the detailed description

Pilot Study The pilot study was conducted as a two-centre, two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial with a pre-test-post-test design and a 1:1 allocation ratio. Randomisation was performed at the school (cluster) level to minimise contamination. The pilot phase was implemented from 28 April to July 2025.

Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) The full-scale randomised controlled trial expanded to a multi-centre design involving five centres, maintaining a two-arm cluster randomised structure with school-level allocation. The trial was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 randomised two schools (School 1 and School 2), with one allocated to the control group and the other to the intervention group. Phase 2 randomised three additional schools (Schools 3, 4, and 5) with a 1:2 allocation ratio (one to control, two to intervention) to address recruitment shortfalls.

The RCT commenced in September 2025. Participant recruitment and baseline data collection occurred between 12 September and 21 November 2025. Follow-up for primary and secondary outcomes was completed on 27 March 2026.

Process Evaluation Process evaluation was conducted from 18 December 2025 to 7 April 2026.

Being tested
INSPIRE (Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education)
Medical subject headings
Psychological Well-Being, Depression, Anxiety Disorders

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • INSPIRE (Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education)Behavioural

    The INSPIRE intervention is an 8-week school-based program aimed at enhancing adolescent mental health, attitudes towards mental health and help-seeking behaviors, mental health literacy, resilience and addressing depression and anxiety. Trained school counsellors deliver this structured curriculum using comprehensive materials including lesson plans, activities, and visual aids. the program provides supplementary resources for both participating students and their parents .

Study groups in NCT06942637
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Standard school health routine careNo interventionNot described
INSPIRE InterventionExperimentalReceive an 8-week school-based program aimed at enhancing adolescent mental health, attitudes towards mental health and help-seeking behaviors, mental health literacy, resilience and addressing depression and anxiety.
Receives: Behavioral: INSPIRE (Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education)

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Adolescents' mental health knowledge

    13-item mental health knowledge scale. Total scores range from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating better mental health knowledge.

    Measured: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)

  2. Adolescents' mental health knowledge

    13-item mental health knowledge scale. Total scores range from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating better mental health knowledge.

    Measured: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).

Secondary outcomes (20)
  1. Adolescents' attitudes towards mental health

    12-item attitude toward mental health scale. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes.

    Measured: immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)

  2. Adolescents' attitudes towards mental health

    12-item attitude toward mental health scale. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes.

    Measured: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).

  3. Adolescents' attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors

    5-item attitude toward mental help-seeking behaviors questionnaire. Scores range from 5 to 15, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors.

    Measured: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)

  4. Adolescents' attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors

    5-item attitude toward mental help-seeking behaviors questionnaire. Scores range from 5 to 15, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors.

    Measured: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).

  5. Adolescents' mental health literacy

    the 50-item Knowledge and Attitudes to Mental Health Scales, with total scores ranging from 0 to 200. Higher scores indicated higher mental health literacy.

    Measured: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)

  6. Adolescents' mental health literacy

    the 50-item Knowledge and Attitudes to Mental Health Scales, with total scores ranging from 0 to 200. Higher scores indicated higher mental health literacy.

    Measured: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).

  7. Adolescents' resilience

    the nine-item resilience evaluation scale, with the total scores ranging from 0 to 36. Higher scores indicated higher psychological resilience.

    Measured: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)

  8. Adolescents' resilience

    the nine-item resilience evaluation scale, with the total scores ranging from 0 to 36. Higher scores indicated higher psychological resilience.

    Measured: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).

  9. Adolescents' depression

    the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, with total scores ranging from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.

    Measured: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)

  10. Adolescents' depression

    the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, with total scores ranging from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.

    Measured: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).

  11. Adolescents' anxiety

    the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, with total scores ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms.

    Measured: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)

  12. Adolescents' anxiety

    the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, with total scores ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms.

    Measured: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).

  13. Parents' mental health knowledge

    13-item mental health knowledge scale. Total scores range from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating better mental health knowledge.

    Measured: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)

  14. Parents' mental health knowledge

    13-item mental health knowledge scale. Total scores range from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating better mental health knowledge.

    Measured: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).

  15. Parents' attitudes towards mental health

    12-item attitude toward mental health scale. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes.

    Measured: immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)

  16. Parents' attitudes towards mental health

    12-item attitude toward mental health scale. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes.

    Measured: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).

  17. Parents' attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors

    5-item attitude toward mental help-seeking behaviors questionnaire. Scores range from 5 to 15, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors.

    Measured: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)

  18. Parents' attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors

    5-item attitude toward mental help-seeking behaviors questionnaire. Scores range from 5 to 15, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors.

    Measured: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).

  19. Parents' mental health literacy

    The 16-item Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire, with total scores ranging from 16 to 80. Higher scores indicated higher mental health literacy.

    Measured: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)

  20. Parents' mental health literacy

    The 16-item Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire, with total scores ranging from 16 to 80. Higher scores indicated higher mental health literacy.

    Measured: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted24 Apr 2025
  2. Study start28 Apr 2025
  3. Primary completion27 Mar 2026
  4. Study completion7 Apr 2026

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
Two-group parallel-armed randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a pretest and repeated posttest experimental design. Sample size was determined via power analyses informed by three adolescent mental health intervention studies (Casañas et al., 2022; Kaligis et al., 2023; Liddle et al., 2021). Reported effects ranged from small-to-medium (d = 0.26; Liddle) to medium-to-large (d = 0.64; Kaligis), with Casañas reporting 0.382-0.705. To ensure conservative estimates, calculations used the smallest effect (d = 0.26). A two-tailed test (α = 0.05, power = 0.80) indicated 230 participants per arm. Adjusting for 32% attrition, the final target sample size was set at 340 per arm (N = 680).
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
700 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06942637
Sponsor's protocol ID
241/UN6.KEP/EC/2025
Acronym
INSPIRE
Status last verified
Jul 2026
First submitted
17 Apr 2025
Last updated
31 Jul 2026
Results posted
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Yani DI, Peng TA, Wong HC, Chern TP, Goh YSS, Shorey S. INSPIRE: a pilot cluster randomised feasibility trial of a school-based mental health literacy programme for adolescents and parents in Indonesia. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2026 Jun 23. doi: 10.1186/s13034-026-01085-6. Online ahead of print.

    PubMed 42337680

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing INSPIRE (Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education) in people with Adolescents and Health Knowledge, run by National University of Singapore at 1 site in Indonesia.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Indonesia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Adolescents' mental health knowledge (time frame: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06942637, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Jul 2026.

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