Postmenopausal WomenNCT06958965
Resistance Exercise Training on Vascular and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women
A study testing Resistance exercise training in people with Postmenopausal Women, run by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
Postmenopausal women often face risks of vascular dysfunction and muscle deterioration due to estrogen deficiency. These changes significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 55 to 70 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Postmenopausal Women
- What is being tested?
- Resistance exercise training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 9 Jun 2025to 3 Nov 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 55 to 70 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participants were eligible for the study if they met the following criteria:
- Postmenopausal women aged between 55 and 70 years;
- Body mass index (BMI) less than 30 kg/m²;
- At least one year since menopause;
- Able to live independently in the community;
- Able to communicate independently in Mandarin or Taiwanese.
Who cannot join
- Participants were excluded if they met any of the following conditions:
- Acute musculoskeletal injuries within the past month (e.g., acute inflammation, fractures, sprains, contusions, or joint implants);
- Diagnosed central or peripheral nervous system disorders affecting exercise participation (e.g., stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, autonomic dysfunction);
- History of serious cardiac conditions within the past six months (e.g., coronary stenting, pacemaker implantation, peripheral or cerebral vascular reconstruction);
- Presence of peripheral vascular diseases (e.g., peripheral artery disease, venous thrombosis);
- Hormone therapy within the past six months;
- Currently taking beta-blockers, anti-inflammatory drugs, or anticoagulant medications;
- Currently participating in any other structured exercise training programs.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Vascular Function and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Women
Postmenopausal women often face risks of vascular dysfunction and muscle deterioration due to estrogen deficiency. These changes significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Previous studies have shown a significant positive correlation between vascular endothelial function and muscle strength. Moreover, muscle strength is a stronger predictor of mortality than muscle mass and is closely associated with the maintenance of functional independence in daily life. However, studies investigating the effects of whole-body progressive resistance training on vascular function and physical performance in postmenopausal women remain limited. This study aims to examine changes in vascular function and muscle strength in postmenopausal women following a whole-body progressive resistance training program.
- Conditions
- Postmenopausal Women
- Being tested
- Resistance exercise training
- Keywords
- exercise, cardiovascular diseases, arteries, arterial compliance, hormones, estrogen
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity, Cardiovascular Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Resistance exercise trainingOther
Also called resistance training
The total duration of the training was 12 weeks, with a frequency of two sessions per week. Each session lasted approximately 90 to 120 minutes. The exercise intensity was set at 40-70% of the participants' one-repetition maximum (1RM), or adjusted based on the Modified Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), targeting a moderate intensity level (approximately a score of 3).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Vascular Function and Physical Performance in Postmenopau | Experimental | This study involved a 12-week group-based resistance training program, with two sessions per week, each lasting 90 to 120 minutes. The exercise intensity targeted 40-70% of participants' one-repetition maximum (1RM) or a moderate level (approximately a score of 3 on the Modified Borg RPE scale). Equipment used included dumbbells, kettlebells, grip rings, body bars, resistance bands, step platforms, and sandbags, following a three-phase structured exercise model. Receives: Other: Resistance exercise training |
| Control | No intervention | Participants in the control group did not undergo any resistance training intervention and were advised to continue their usual daily routines, dietary patterns, and prescribed medications throughout the study period. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Flow-mediated dilation-endothelial function
During the test, participants were instructed to remain in a supine position with the shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and the palm facing upward. A friction-reducing sleeve and a sphygmomanometer cuff were placed on the distal part of the non-dominant forearm. The cuff inflation pressure was set at least 50 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure measured from the dominant arm and maintained for 5 minutes. Immediately after the 5-minute occlusion period, the cuff was rapidly deflated, and the brachial artery diameter was continuously monitored for up to 3 minutes to capture post-deflation vascular changes.
Measured: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
Brachial-ankle plus wave velocity (baPWV)-arterial stiffness
A non-invasive assessment of arterial stiffness was conducted using an arterial stiffness device based on pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement. During the test, participants were instructed to lie in a relaxed supine position in a quiet environment. Four blood pressure cuffs were placed on both arms and both ankles. The measurements from the left and right sides were averaged for analysis.The PWV was calculated using the following formula:
PWV = Distance / Pulse Transit Time
Measured: Chang from baseline at 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes (8)
Hand grip strength- muscle strength
Participants were instructed to stand with their feet shoulder-width apart, with elbows fully extended and slightly abducted at approximately 45 degrees. They were asked to apply maximum grip strength and hold for 3 to 4 seconds. Each hand was tested three times, with a 10- to 15-second rest between trials. Both hands were tested, and the highest value from each hand was recorded for analysis.
Measured: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
Five-repetition maximum test (5RM)
In this study, exercise intensity was estimated using the five-repetition maximum (5RM) test to predict the one-repetition maximum (1RM). Given that the target population consisted of middle-aged and older postmenopausal women, the 5RM test was selected to reduce the risk of injury and enhance participant motivation.
The predicted 1RM was calculated using the formula proposed by LeSuer et al.:
1RM = body weight × (1 + 0.0333 × number of repetitions)
Measured: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
Body Composition
Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) of the limbs was assessed using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA; InBody 270, Tokyo, Japan). During the test, participants stood barefoot on the marked footplate positions with their arms relaxed and slightly abducted, placing their thumbs on the designated sensors. Each measurement lasted approximately 10 to 15 seconds while maintaining a standing posture.
Measured: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
Perceived Exertion
This study utilized the Chinese version of the Modified Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale to assess participants' subjective perception of effort. The scale ranges from 0 to 10, where a score of 0 indicates no exertion at all.
Measured: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) - Taiwan Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Form)
The IPAQ is a self-reported instrument assesses the time spent in the past 7 days on activities including work, housework, gardening/balcony work, commuting, leisure, and exercise. Total time spent per week is multiplied by the metabolic equivalent (MET) and summed to present the total MET-minutes per week. Physical activity intensity is classified into walking (3.3 METs), moderate (4.0 METs), and vigorous (8.0 METs).
Measured: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)
This assessment consisted of three components to evaluate lower extremity function. First, the standing balance test required participants to maintain balance in three stances-feet together, semi-tandem, and full tandem-for up to 10 seconds each. Second, the gait speed test measured the time it took participants to walk 4 meters at their usual pace, reflecting their walking speed. Third, the chair stand test assessed lower limb muscle strength by recording the time needed to complete five consecutive sit-to-stand movements with arms crossed over the chest. These tests collectively provided an objective measure of physical performance.
Measured: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
3-Meter Walk Test
This test is used to assess lower limb strength, balance, gait, and functional mobility in older adults. At the start of the test, the participant sits on a chair with a backrest, placing both hands on their thighs. Upon instruction, the participant stands up, walks to a marker placed 3 meters away, turns around the marker, walks back, and sits down again. The test is performed at the fastest safe speed.
Measured: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
30-Second Chair Stand Test:
While seated on a chair of standard height with feet flat on the floor, participants are instructed to cross their arms over their chest. Upon the start of the test, they repeatedly stand up and sit down as many times as possible within 30 seconds. The total number of completed repetitions is recorded.
Measured: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 May 2025
- Study start9 Jun 2025
- Primary completion3 Nov 2025
- Study completion3 Nov 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Postmenopausal WomenStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06958965
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NYCU114053AE
- Status last verified
- Jul 2025
- First submitted
- 28 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 13 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Vascular Function and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Women
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06958965
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NYCU114053AE
- Conditions
- Postmenopausal Women
- Keywords
- exercise, cardiovascular diseases, arteries, arterial compliance, hormones, estrogen
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 9 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 3 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 3 Nov 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 May 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Postmenopausal women often face risks of vascular dysfunction and muscle deterioration due to estrogen deficiency. These changes significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Previous studies have shown a significant positive correlation between vascular endothelial function and muscle strength. Moreover, muscle strength is a stronger predictor of mortality than muscle mass and is closely associated with the maintenance of functional independence in daily life. However, studies investigating the effects of whole-body progressive resistance training on vascular function and physical performance in postmenopausal women remain limited. This study aims to examine changes in vascular function and muscle strength in postmenopausal women following a whole-body progressive resistance training program.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Vascular Function and Physical Performance in Postmenopau | Experimental | Other: Resistance exercise trainingThis study involved a 12-week group-based resistance training program, with two sessions per week, each lasting 90 to 120 minutes. The exercise intensity targeted 40-70% of participants' one-repetition maximum (1RM) or a moderate level (approximately a score of 3 on the Modified Borg RPE scale). Equipment used included dumbbells, kettlebells, grip rings, body bars, resistance bands, step platforms, and sandbags, following a three-phase structured exercise model. |
| Control | No intervention | –Participants in the control group did not undergo any resistance training intervention and were advised to continue their usual daily routines, dietary patterns, and prescribed medications throughout the study period. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 55 to 70 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Postmenopausal women aged between 55 and 70 years;
- Body mass index (BMI) less than 30 kg/m²;
- At least one year since menopause;
- Able to live independently in the community;
- Able to communicate independently in Mandarin or Taiwanese.
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Acute musculoskeletal injuries within the past month (e.g., acute inflammation, fractures, sprains, contusions, or joint implants);
- Diagnosed central or peripheral nervous system disorders affecting exercise participation (e.g., stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, autonomic dysfunction);
- History of serious cardiac conditions within the past six months (e.g., coronary stenting, pacemaker implantation, peripheral or cerebral vascular reconstruction);
- Presence of peripheral vascular diseases (e.g., peripheral artery disease, venous thrombosis);
- Hormone therapy within the past six months;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Resistance exercise trainingAlso: resistance trainingThe total duration of the training was 12 weeks, with a frequency of two sessions per week. Each session lasted approximately 90 to 120 minutes. The exercise intensity was set at 40-70% of the participants' one-repetition maximum (1RM), or adjusted based on the Modified Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), targeting a moderate intensity level (approximately a score of 3). | Other | Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Vascular Function and Physical Performance in Postmenopau |
Primary outcome
Flow-mediated dilation-endothelial function
Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
During the test, participants were instructed to remain in a supine position with the shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and the palm facing upward. A friction-reducing sleeve and a sphygmomanometer cuff were placed on the distal part of the non-dominant forearm. The cuff inflation pressure was set at least 50 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure measured from the dominant arm and maintained for 5 minutes. Immediately after the 5-minute occlusion period, the cuff was rapidly deflated, and the brachial artery diameter was continuously monitored for up to 3 minutes to capture post-deflation vascular changes.
Brachial-ankle plus wave velocity (baPWV)-arterial stiffness
Time frame: Chang from baseline at 12 weeks
A non-invasive assessment of arterial stiffness was conducted using an arterial stiffness device based on pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement. During the test, participants were instructed to lie in a relaxed supine position in a quiet environment. Four blood pressure cuffs were placed on both arms and both ankles. The measurements from the left and right sides were averaged for analysis.The PWV was calculated using the following formula: PWV = Distance / Pulse Transit Time
8 secondary outcomes
Hand grip strength- muscle strength
Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
Five-repetition maximum test (5RM)
Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
Body Composition
Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
Perceived Exertion
Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) - Taiwan Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Form)
Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)
Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
3-Meter Walk Test
Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
30-Second Chair Stand Test:
Time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Mar 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Resistance exercise training in people with Postmenopausal Women, run by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Flow-mediated dilation-endothelial function (time frame: Change from baseline at 12 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Mar 2026.