Physical ActivityNCT06962566
Effects of Different Timing of Brisk Walking on Human Behaviours
A study testing Morning exercise and Evening exercise in people with Physical Activity and Energy Intake, run by National Taiwan Normal University at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
The purpose of this project is to investigate the effects of exercise at different times of day on 72-hour eating behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in physically inactive adults. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 50 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Physical Activity, Energy Intake, Sedentary Behavior
- What is being tested?
- Morning exercise and Evening exercise
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 23 Jul 2024to 24 Mar 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 50 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Aged between 20 and 50 years, with a BMI ranging from 19 to 27 kg/m².
- Classified as having "low" physical activity levels (750 Metabolic Equivalents / week) according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).
- Engaged in moderate-intensity exercise for no more than 3 days per week and less than 30 minutes per session in the 3 months preceding the study.
- Maintained a stable body weight (± 3 kg) during the 3 months prior to the main experiment.
- Not taking any medications, supplements, or vitamins that might affect food intake, appetite, physical activity, weight loss, or metabolism.
- Free from cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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- Not pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
- Not currently on a diet or undergoing any specific dietary interventions (e.g., intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet).
- No injuries or surgical wounds preventing physical activity.
- Regular sleep patterns, averaging 7-9 hours per night, with no shift work.
- No habits of heavy alcohol consumption or smoking.
Who cannot join
- Personal history of/existing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease or dyslipidaemia.
- Taking medications that may influence lipid or carbohydrate metabolism or immune system function.
- Unable to take part in exercise for any reason (e.g., injury or disability) or a positive response to any questions on the Physical Activity Readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Exercise at Different Times of Day on 72-hour Eating Behaviours and Physical Activity in Physically Inactive Adults
The purpose of this project is to investigate the effects of exercise at different times of day on 72-hour eating behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in physically inactive adults.
Read the detailed description
Eligibility and Consent Confirmation Prior to the one-week preliminary test, participants underwent eligibility screening, including measurements of height, weight, and body composition. After the researchers provided a detailed explanation of the experimental procedures, participants decided whether to participate in the study. Eligible participants then completed a 10-minute treadmill walking session (6.4 km/h for males and 6.0 km/h for females) to familiarize themselves with the exercise intensity. Subsequently, the researchers explained the use of pedometers and distributed dietary record forms.
During a one-week preliminary test, participants were instructed to record their physical activity levels measured in steps, sleep duration including wake-up and sleep times, and dietary behaviours through photographs taken (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) over a period of 7 consecutive days. Participants were allowed to take part in this study, once they met the inclusion criteria: 1) an average daily step count of less than 7,500 over the course of the week and 2) a wake-up time no later than 11:00 AM).
Exercise intervention During the main trials, two main trials, separated by at least one week, were conducted - exercise in the morning (08:00 to 11:00 AM) or exercise in the evening (18:00 to 21:00 PM).
In both trials, participants completed the first Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for subjective appetite upon waking, wore a pedometer and an accelerometer, and recorded energy intake and physical activity over a 3-day period (the day before exercise intervention, the exercise day and the day after exercise intervention). Upon arrival at the laboratory, participants completed the second VAS, followed by a 15-minute waiting period before commencing the exercise. Participants then performed a 45-minute treadmill brisk walk (6.4 km/h for males, 6.0 km/h for females), followed by a 15-minute rest period, after which they completed the third VAS.
Heart rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were measured every 15 minutes during exercise. Energy balance (e.g., energy intake and spontaneous physical activity) was assessed using a food diary, Actigraph wGT3x-BT accelerometer (Actigraph Co., Ltd., Pensacola, FL, USA), and pedometer (Realalt, Goldhat Ltd., UK), which were worn starting from the night two days before the experiment and removed after waking up two days post-experiment.
- Conditions
- Physical Activity, Energy Intake, Sedentary Behavior
- Being tested
- Morning exercise, Evening exercise
- Keywords
- Timing of exercise, Morning exercise, Evening exercise, Behavioural compensation
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity, Sedentary Behavior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Morning exerciseBehavioural
Participants performed a 45-minute treadmill brisk walking in the morning between 08:00 to 11:00 AM.
Evening exerciseBehavioural
Participants performed a 45-minute treadmill brisk walking in the evening between 18:00 to 21:00 PM.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Morning exercise | Experimental | Brisk walking in the morning Receives: Behavioral: Morning exercise |
| Evening exercise | Experimental | Brisk walking in the evening Receives: Behavioral: Evening exercise |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Physical activity
Changes in physical activity intensity (minutes and percentage during 72 hours) and levels (minutes and percentage during 72 hours) between trials
Measured: 72 hours (24 hours before exercise day, exercise day and 24 hours after exercise day)
Energy intake
Changes in total and macronutrient energy intake between trials
Measured: 72 hours (24 hours before exercise day, exercise day and 24 hours after exercise day)
Sedentary behaviour
Changes in sedentary behaviour (minutes and percentage during 72 hours) between trials
Measured: 72 hours (24 hours before exercise day, exercise day and 24 hours after exercise day)
Secondary outcomes (3)
Heart Rate
Changes in heart rate (bpm) during exercise between trials
Measured: During 45 minutes exercise
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Changes in Rating of Perceived Exertion using Borg 6-20 scale (6 indicates no exertion and 20 indicates maximal effort) during exercise between trials
Measured: During 45 minutes exercise
Visual analogue scale (VAS)
Changes in Visual analogue scale (appetite) using 0-100 mm scale (0 indicates not at all and 100 indicates very much) during exercise between trials
Measured: Baseline upon wake up in the morning,15 minutes before exercise and 15 minutes after exercise
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 May 2025
- Study start23 Jul 2024
- Primary completion24 Mar 2025
- Study completion24 Mar 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Physical ActivityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Yung-Chih Chen, National Taiwan Normal University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06962566
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 202405HM084-1
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 23 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 13 May 2025
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 May 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Exercise at Different Times of Day on 72-hour Eating Behaviours and Physical Activity in Physically Inactive Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06962566
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 202405HM084-1
- Conditions
- Physical Activity, Energy Intake, Sedentary Behavior
- Keywords
- Timing of exercise, Morning exercise, Evening exercise, Behavioural compensation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan Normal UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 23 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 24 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 24 Mar 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 8 May 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this project is to investigate the effects of exercise at different times of day on 72-hour eating behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in physically inactive adults.
Detailed description
Eligibility and Consent Confirmation Prior to the one-week preliminary test, participants underwent eligibility screening, including measurements of height, weight, and body composition. After the researchers provided a detailed explanation of the experimental procedures, participants decided whether to participate in the study. Eligible participants then completed a 10-minute treadmill walking session (6.4 km/h for males and 6.0 km/h for females) to familiarize themselves with the exercise intensity. Subsequently, the researchers explained the use of pedometers and distributed dietary record forms.
During a one-week preliminary test, participants were instructed to record their physical activity levels measured in steps, sleep duration including wake-up and sleep times, and dietary behaviours through photographs taken (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) over a period of 7 consecutive days. Participants were allowed to take part in this study, once they met the inclusion criteria: 1) an average daily step count of less than 7,500 over the course of the week and 2) a wake-up time no later than 11:00 AM).
Exercise intervention During the main trials, two main trials, separated by at least one week, were conducted - exercise in the morning (08:00 to 11:00 AM) or exercise in the evening (18:00 to 21:00 PM).
In both trials, participants completed the first Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for subjective appetite upon waking, wore a pedometer and an accelerometer, and recorded energy intake and physical activity over a 3-day period (the day before exercise intervention, the exercise day and the day after exercise intervention). Upon arrival at the laboratory, participants completed the second VAS, followed by a 15-minute waiting period before commencing the exercise. Participants then performed a 45-minute treadmill brisk walk (6.4 km/h for males, 6.0 km/h for females), followed by a 15-minute rest period, after which they completed the third VAS.
Heart rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were measured every 15 minutes during exercise. Energy balance (e.g., energy intake and spontaneous physical activity) was assessed using a food diary, Actigraph wGT3x-BT accelerometer (Actigraph Co., Ltd., Pensacola, FL, USA), and pedometer (Realalt, Goldhat Ltd., UK), which were worn starting from the night two days before the experiment and removed after waking up two days post-experiment.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Morning exercise | Experimental | Behavioral: Morning exerciseBrisk walking in the morning |
| Evening exercise | Experimental | Behavioral: Evening exerciseBrisk walking in the evening |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Aged between 20 and 50 years, with a BMI ranging from 19 to 27 kg/m².
- Classified as having "low" physical activity levels (750 Metabolic Equivalents / week) according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).
- Engaged in moderate-intensity exercise for no more than 3 days per week and less than 30 minutes per session in the 3 months preceding the study.
- Maintained a stable body weight (± 3 kg) during the 3 months prior to the main experiment.
- Not taking any medications, supplements, or vitamins that might affect food intake, appetite, physical activity, weight loss, or metabolism.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Personal history of/existing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease or dyslipidaemia.
- Taking medications that may influence lipid or carbohydrate metabolism or immune system function.
- Unable to take part in exercise for any reason (e.g., injury or disability) or a positive response to any questions on the Physical Activity Readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Morning exerciseParticipants performed a 45-minute treadmill brisk walking in the morning between 08:00 to 11:00 AM. | Behavioural | Morning exercise |
| Evening exerciseParticipants performed a 45-minute treadmill brisk walking in the evening between 18:00 to 21:00 PM. | Behavioural | Evening exercise |
Primary outcome
Physical activity
Time frame: 72 hours (24 hours before exercise day, exercise day and 24 hours after exercise day)
Changes in physical activity intensity (minutes and percentage during 72 hours) and levels (minutes and percentage during 72 hours) between trials
Energy intake
Time frame: 72 hours (24 hours before exercise day, exercise day and 24 hours after exercise day)
Changes in total and macronutrient energy intake between trials
Sedentary behaviour
Time frame: 72 hours (24 hours before exercise day, exercise day and 24 hours after exercise day)
Changes in sedentary behaviour (minutes and percentage during 72 hours) between trials
3 secondary outcomes
Heart Rate
Time frame: During 45 minutes exercise
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Time frame: During 45 minutes exercise
Visual analogue scale (VAS)
Time frame: Baseline upon wake up in the morning,15 minutes before exercise and 15 minutes after exercise
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 May 2025.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Morning exercise and Evening exercise in people with Physical Activity and Energy Intake, run by National Taiwan Normal University at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 May 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Physical activity (time frame: 72 hours (24 hours before exercise day, exercise day and 24 hours after exercise day)). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 May 2025.