Speech Sound DisorderORDERNCT06969521
Online Rotating Delivery of Perception/Production Enhanced Treatment for Rhotics
A study testing Visual acoustic biofeedback: ORDER and Perception Training: ORDER in people with Speech Sound Disorder, run by Montclair State University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether perceptual training enhances speech perception and production outcomes in children with Residual Speech Sound Disorders (RSSD). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 8 to 17 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Speech Sound Disorder
- What is being tested?
- Visual acoustic biofeedback: ORDER and Perception Training: ORDER
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 10 May 2025to 1 Jul 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 8 to 17 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Must be between 8;0 and 17;11 years of age at the time of enrollment. Must speak English as the dominant language (i.e., must have begun learning English by age 2, per parent report).
- Must speak a rhotic dialect of English. Must pass a pure-tone hearing screening at 20dB hearing level. Must pass a brief examination of oral structure and function. Must exhibit less than 30% accuracy, based on consensus across 2 trained listeners, on a probe list eliciting rhotics in various phonetic contexts at the word level.
- Must exhibit no more than 3 sounds other than /r/ in error on the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-3 (GFTA-3).
Who cannot join
- Must not receive a T score more than 1.3 SD below the mean on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-2 (WASI-2) Matrix Reasoning Must not receive a scaled score of 7 or higher on the Recalling Sentences and Formulated Sentences subtests of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-5 (CELF-5).
- Must not have an existing diagnosis of developmental disability or major neurobehavioral syndrome such as cerebral palsy, Down Syndrome, or Autism Spectrum Disorder
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Montclair State University
Montclair, New Jersey, 07403
Laura Ochs, Project Manager, MA, 908 334-4140, ochsl@montclair.edu
About this study
Official title: Online Assessment and Enhancement of Auditory Perception for Speech Sound Errors: Online Rotating Delivery of Perception/Production Enhanced Treatment for Rhotics
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether perceptual training enhances speech perception and production outcomes in children with Residual Speech Sound Disorders (RSSD). The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does pre-treatment speech production accuracy predict treatment response?
Read more
Does perceptual acuity influence the effectiveness of perception-first versus production-first interventions?
Researchers will compare TAU+Perception-first and TAU-first treatment conditions to see if the order of intervention affects speech improvement outcomes, particularly based on participants' initial perception and production accuracy.
Participants will:
Complete pre-treatment evaluations to assess /r/ production and speech perception.
Be grouped into high or low production and perception accuracy categories based on established thresholds.
Be randomly assigned (using a blocked randomization procedure) to one of two treatment arms via telepractice.
Participate in the assigned treatment condition designed to target speech sound accuracy.
Randomization is stratified to ensure treatment groups are balanced based on pre-treatment severity in both the perception and production domains.
Read the detailed description
Children with RSSD may vary in pre-treatment speech production severity, and the extent to which they can approximate /r/ may be an important indicator of subsequent treatment response. In addition, perceptual acuity may influence how participants respond to perception and/or production treatment. Therefore, a blocked randomization procedure will be used to protect against a situation where treatment groups are unbalanced with respect to pre-treatment severity in either the perception or production domain. Based on the treating clinicians' perceptual ratings of participants' performance in /r/ word probes administered in the pre-treatment evaluation phase, participants will be categorized as High Accuracy (>10% accuracy) or Low Accuracy (<=10% accuracy), a cutoff determined from pre-treatment baseline data aggregated over 11 studies previously conducted by our team. The investigators will henceforth refer to these groups as "production accuracy groups." In addition, the investigators will use the criteria adopted in the previous funding cycle to classify participants into high or low perception groups (henceforth, "perception accuracy groups"). Participants will be randomized to the TAU(Treatment as Usual) +Perception-first or TAU-first condition via telepractice with stratification on both perception and production accuracy group. Randomization will be supervised by statistician J. Hill at the NYU site. The investigators will use the following approach, adopted successfully for the RCT in the previous funding cycle: (1) Participants will be randomized after providing informed consent, meeting eligibility requirements, and completing the tasks and clinician-rated baselines that determine response group (High, Low). (2) For each perception accuracy group, the statistician will develop 2 batches of 10 concealed envelopes for assignment, one for high production accuracy participants and one for low production accuracy participants. Each will contain 10 participant assignments in random order: 5 TAU+ Perception-first, 5 TAU-first. (3) The investigators cannot fully predict the exact proportion of participants with high versus low production accuracy in each category of perceptual accuracy, so it is possible that the investigators will encounter significantly more in one group than the other. Thus, once the investigators have recruited the first 10 participants for one subgroup (e.g., Low Perceptual Accuracy, Low Production Accuracy), another batch of 10 envelopes will be generated to allocate the next 10 children recruited in that subgroup.
- Conditions
- Speech Sound Disorder
- Being tested
- Visual acoustic biofeedback: ORDER, Perception Training: ORDER
- Keywords
- speech sound disorder, auditory perception, articulation
- Medical subject headings
- Speech Sound Disorder
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Visual acoustic biofeedback: ORDERBehavioural
In visual-acoustic biofeedback treatment, elements of traditional articulation treatment are used, including auditory models, verbal descriptions of correct articulator placement, cues for repetitive motor practice via images and diagrams of the vocal tract as visual aids. These strategies are supplemented with a dynamic display of the speech signal in the form of the real-time LPC (Linear Predictive Coding) spectrum (Sona-Match module of PENTAX Sona- Speech software). Because correct vs incorrect productions of /r/ contrast acoustically in the frequency of the third formant (F3), participants will be cued to make their real-time LPC spectrum match a visual target characterized by a low F3 frequency. They will be encouraged to attend to the visual display while adjusting the placement of their articulators and observing how those adjustments impact F3. Knowledge of performance feedback will typically involve reference to the location of the third peak on the visual display.
Perception Training: ORDERBehavioural
Description: Perceptual training involves self-paced presentation of auditory stimuli via a computerized software program (Gorilla). Stimuli are organized into three separate tasks. In tasks 1 and 3, which train category goodness judgment, participants will hear 75 naturally produced speech tokens containing /r/ from various speakers, with a balance of correct and incorrect productions. They will classify each /r/ as correct or incorrect and receive feedback on the accuracy of their classification. Tasks 1 and 3 differ in that task 1 will feature a subset of items designed to provide focused practice on a specific context (e.g., initial /r/ as in red; /r/ as syllable nucleus as in sir), with increasing difficulty over time, whereas task 3 will feature randomly selected items representing all contexts and difficulty levels. In task 2, participants will hear 75 items drawn from the synthetic rake-wake continuum used in the identification task administered at baseline, but they will recei
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ORDER: Visual acoustic biofeedback training | Active comparator | The investigators will use the following approach, adopted successfully for the RCT in the previous funding cycle:
(1) Participants will be randomized after providing informed consent, meeting eligibility requirements, and completing the tasks and clinician-rated baselines that determine response group (High, Low). (2) For each perception accuracy group, the statistician will develop 2 batches of 10 concealed envelopes for assignment, one for high production accuracy participants and one for low production accuracy participants. Each will contain 10 participant assignments in random order: 5 TAU+ Perception-first, 5 TAU-first. Thus, once the investigators have recruited the first 10 participants for one subgroup (e.g., Low Perceptual Accuracy, Low Production Accuracy), another batch of 10 envelopes will be generated to allocate the next 10 children recruited in that subgroup. Receives: Behavioral: Visual acoustic biofeedback: ORDER |
| ORDER: Perceptual training | Experimental | The investigators will use the following approach, adopted successfully for the RCT in the previous funding cycle: (1) Participants will be randomized after providing informed consent, meeting eligibility requirements, and completing the tasks and clinician-rated baselines that determine response group (High, Low). (2) For each perception accuracy group, the statistician will develop 2 batches of 10 concealed envelopes for assignment, one for high production accuracy participants and one for low production accuracy participants. Each will contain 10 participant assignments in random order: 5 TAU+ Perception-first, 5 TAU-first. Thus, once we have recruited the first 10 participants for one subgroup (e.g., Low Perceptual Accuracy, Low Production Accuracy), another batch of 10 envelopes will be generated to allocate the next 10 children recruited in that subgroup. Receives: Behavioral: Perception Training: ORDER |
| ORDER: No treatment | No intervention | No treatment, 4-week period of no treatment |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in perceptually rated accuracy of /r/
To assess generalization of treatment gains to untreated words, participants will be assessed with standard probes containing 45 syllables, 50 words and 5 sentences with rhotic targets in various phonetic contexts. Stimuli in each probe will be presented individually in randomized order with blocking by stimulus type (word, syllable, sentence). No auditory models will be provided; for children with reading difficulty, semantic cues will be provided to elicit the intended word.
Individual words will be isolated from the audio record of each word probe and presented in randomized order for binary rating (correct/ incorrect) by 4 trained listeners who are blind to treatment condition and time point (but will see the written representation of each target word). We will use the proportion of "correct" ratings for each token as our primary measure of perceptually rated accuracy from which we will fit a multilevel model as the primary outcome variable.
Measured: The timepoints for comparison will be from baseline to after both groups have completed 4 weeks of VAB and when both groups have completed the target 12 weeks of treatment (all types interventions: VAB, Perception training and no treatment).
Secondary outcomes (3)
Socio-emotional well-being
This 11-item survey, which asks parents to report the impact of speech disorder on their child's social, emotional, and academic well-being, was validated in a published study by members of the research team [1]. An impact score, calculated as described in our previous research [1], will be used as the primary measure of socio-emotional well-being.
Measured: Baseline and after all interventions are completed (target time frame: 12 weeks)
Percent accuracy pooled across Identification Perception task
Treatment task 2 (identification) is identical to the tasks used to assess performance in the baseline phase, with the single exception that accuracy feedback is provided during the treatment phase. In Task 2, accuracy in classifying stimuli as /r/ or / w/ will be assessed relative to the mean across responses from typical participants in our online participants from the previous funding cycle.
Measured: The timepoints for comparison will be from baseline to after both groups have completed 4 weeks of VAB and when both groups have completed the target 12 weeks of treatment (all types interventions: VAB, Perception training and no treatment).
Percent accuracy pooled across Category Goodness Perception task
Treatment task 3 (category goodness judgment) are identical to the tasks used to assess performance in the baseline phase, with the single exception that accuracy feedback is provided during the treatment phase. In Task 3, accuracy in category goodness judgment will be assessed relative to the "gold-standard" ratings determined by consensus across at least four expert listeners.
Measured: The timepoints for comparison will be from baseline to after both groups have completed 4 weeks of VAB and when both groups have completed the target 12 weeks of treatment (all types interventions: VAB, Perception training and no treatment).
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 May 2025
- Study start10 May 2025
- Primary completion1 Jul 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Jul 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Speech Sound DisorderStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Children with RSSD may vary in pre-treatment speech production severity, and the extent to which they can approximate /r/ may be an important indicator of subsequent treatment response. In addition, perceptual acuity may influence how participants respond to perception and/or production treatment. Therefore, a blocked randomization procedure will be used to protect against a situation where treatment groups are unbalanced with respect to pre-treatment severity in either the perception or production domain. Based on the treating clinicians' perceptual ratings of participants' performance in /r/ word probes administered in the pre-treatment evaluation phase, participants will be categorized as High Accuracy (\>10% accuracy) or Low Accuracy (\<=10% accuracy), a cutoff determined from pre-treatment baseline data aggregated over 11 studies previously conducted by our team. We will henceforth refer to these groups as "production accuracy groups." In addition, we will use the criteria adopted i
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Montclair State University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Elaine Hitchcock, PhD, Principal investigator, Montclair State University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06969521
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 20-21-2137-Study 4
- Other IDs
- 2R15DC019775-02
- Acronym
- ORDER
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 22 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 28 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Online Assessment and Enhancement of Auditory Perception for Speech Sound Errors: Online Rotating Delivery of Perception/Production Enhanced Treatment for Rhotics
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06969521
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ORDER / 20-21-2137-Study 4
- Conditions
- Speech Sound Disorder
- Keywords
- speech sound disorder, auditory perception, articulation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Montclair State UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
- Study start
- 10 May 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jul 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Jul 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 14 May 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether perceptual training enhances speech perception and production outcomes in children with Residual Speech Sound Disorders (RSSD). The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does pre-treatment speech production accuracy predict treatment response?
Does perceptual acuity influence the effectiveness of perception-first versus production-first interventions?
Researchers will compare TAU+Perception-first and TAU-first treatment conditions to see if the order of intervention affects speech improvement outcomes, particularly based on participants' initial perception and production accuracy.
Participants will:
Complete pre-treatment evaluations to assess /r/ production and speech perception.
Be grouped into high or low production and perception accuracy categories based on established thresholds.
Be randomly assigned (using a blocked randomization procedure) to one of two treatment arms via telepractice.
Participate in the assigned treatment condition designed to target speech sound accuracy.
Randomization is stratified to ensure treatment groups are balanced based on pre-treatment severity in both the perception and production domains.
Detailed description
Children with RSSD may vary in pre-treatment speech production severity, and the extent to which they can approximate /r/ may be an important indicator of subsequent treatment response. In addition, perceptual acuity may influence how participants respond to perception and/or production treatment. Therefore, a blocked randomization procedure will be used to protect against a situation where treatment groups are unbalanced with respect to pre-treatment severity in either the perception or production domain. Based on the treating clinicians' perceptual ratings of participants' performance in /r/ word probes administered in the pre-treatment evaluation phase, participants will be categorized as High Accuracy (>10% accuracy) or Low Accuracy (<=10% accuracy), a cutoff determined from pre-treatment baseline data aggregated over 11 studies previously conducted by our team. The investigators will henceforth refer to these groups as "production accuracy groups." In addition, the investigators will use the criteria adopted in the previous funding cycle to classify participants into high or low perception groups (henceforth, "perception accuracy groups"). Participants will be randomized to the TAU(Treatment as Usual) +Perception-first or TAU-first condition via telepractice with stratification on both perception and production accuracy group. Randomization will be supervised by statistician J. Hill at the NYU site. The investigators will use the following approach, adopted successfully for the RCT in the previous funding cycle: (1) Participants will be randomized after providing informed consent, meeting eligibility requirements, and completing the tasks and clinician-rated baselines that determine response group (High, Low). (2) For each perception accuracy group, the statistician will develop 2 batches of 10 concealed envelopes for assignment, one for high production accuracy participants and one for low production accuracy participants. Each will contain 10 participant assignments in random order: 5 TAU+ Perception-first, 5 TAU-first. (3) The investigators cannot fully predict the exact proportion of participants with high versus low production accuracy in each category of perceptual accuracy, so it is possible that the investigators will encounter significantly more in one group than the other. Thus, once the investigators have recruited the first 10 participants for one subgroup (e.g., Low Perceptual Accuracy, Low Production Accuracy), another batch of 10 envelopes will be generated to allocate the next 10 children recruited in that subgroup.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Children with RSSD may vary in pre-treatment speech production severity, and the extent to which they can approximate /r/ may be an important indicator of subsequent treatment response. In addition, perceptual acuity may influence how participants respond to perception and/or production treatment. Therefore, a blocked randomization procedure will be used to protect against a situation where treatment groups are unbalanced with respect to pre-treatment severity in either the perception or production domain. Based on the treating clinicians' perceptual ratings of participants' performance in /r/ word probes administered in the pre-treatment evaluation phase, participants will be categorized as High Accuracy (>10% accuracy) or Low Accuracy (<=10% accuracy), a cutoff determined from pre-treatment baseline data aggregated over 11 studies previously conducted by our team. We will henceforth refer to these groups as "production accuracy groups." In addition, we will use the criteria adopted i
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| ORDER: Visual acoustic biofeedback training | Active comparator | Behavioral: Visual acoustic biofeedback: ORDERThe investigators will use the following approach, adopted successfully for the RCT in the previous funding cycle: (1) Participants will be randomized after providing informed consent, meeting eligibility requirements, and completing the tasks and clinician-rated baselines that determine response group (High, Low). (2) For each perception accuracy group, the statistician will develop 2 batches of 10 concealed envelopes for assignment, one for high production accuracy participants and one for low production accuracy participants. Each will contain 10 participant assignments in random order: 5 TAU+ Perception-first, 5 TAU-first. Thus, once the investigators have recruited the first 10 participants for one subgroup (e.g., Low Perceptual Accuracy, Low Production Accuracy), another batch of 10 envelopes will be generated to allocate the next 10 children recruited in that subgroup. |
| ORDER: Perceptual training | Experimental | Behavioral: Perception Training: ORDERThe investigators will use the following approach, adopted successfully for the RCT in the previous funding cycle: (1) Participants will be randomized after providing informed consent, meeting eligibility requirements, and completing the tasks and clinician-rated baselines that determine response group (High, Low). (2) For each perception accuracy group, the statistician will develop 2 batches of 10 concealed envelopes for assignment, one for high production accuracy participants and one for low production accuracy participants. Each will contain 10 participant assignments in random order: 5 TAU+ Perception-first, 5 TAU-first. Thus, once we have recruited the first 10 participants for one subgroup (e.g., Low Perceptual Accuracy, Low Production Accuracy), another batch of 10 envelopes will be generated to allocate the next 10 children recruited in that subgroup. |
| ORDER: No treatment | No intervention | –No treatment, 4-week period of no treatment |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 8 to 17 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Must be between 8;0 and 17;11 years of age at the time of enrollment. Must speak English as the dominant language (i.e., must have begun learning English by age 2, per parent report).
- Must speak a rhotic dialect of English. Must pass a pure-tone hearing screening at 20dB hearing level. Must pass a brief examination of oral structure and function. Must exhibit less than 30% accuracy, based on consensus across 2 trained listeners, on a probe list eliciting rhotics in various phonetic contexts at the word level.
- Must exhibit no more than 3 sounds other than /r/ in error on the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-3 (GFTA-3).
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Must not receive a T score more than 1.3 SD below the mean on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-2 (WASI-2) Matrix Reasoning Must not receive a scaled score of 7 or higher on the Recalling Sentences and Formulated Sentences subtests of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-5 (CELF-5).
- Must not have an existing diagnosis of developmental disability or major neurobehavioral syndrome such as cerebral palsy, Down Syndrome, or Autism Spectrum Disorder
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Visual acoustic biofeedback: ORDERIn visual-acoustic biofeedback treatment, elements of traditional articulation treatment are used, including auditory models, verbal descriptions of correct articulator placement, cues for repetitive motor practice via images and diagrams of the vocal tract as visual aids. These strategies are supplemented with a dynamic display of the speech signal in the form of the real-time LPC (Linear Predictive Coding) spectrum (Sona-Match module of PENTAX Sona- Speech software). Because correct vs incorrect productions of /r/ contrast acoustically in the frequency of the third formant (F3), participants will be cued to make their real-time LPC spectrum match a visual target characterized by a low F3 frequency. They will be encouraged to attend to the visual display while adjusting the placement of their articulators and observing how those adjustments impact F3. Knowledge of performance feedback will typically involve reference to the location of the third peak on the visual display. | Behavioural | ORDER: Visual acoustic biofeedback training |
| Perception Training: ORDERDescription: Perceptual training involves self-paced presentation of auditory stimuli via a computerized software program (Gorilla). Stimuli are organized into three separate tasks. In tasks 1 and 3, which train category goodness judgment, participants will hear 75 naturally produced speech tokens containing /r/ from various speakers, with a balance of correct and incorrect productions. They will classify each /r/ as correct or incorrect and receive feedback on the accuracy of their classification. Tasks 1 and 3 differ in that task 1 will feature a subset of items designed to provide focused practice on a specific context (e.g., initial /r/ as in red; /r/ as syllable nucleus as in sir), with increasing difficulty over time, whereas task 3 will feature randomly selected items representing all contexts and difficulty levels. In task 2, participants will hear 75 items drawn from the synthetic rake-wake continuum used in the identification task administered at baseline, but they will recei | Behavioural | ORDER: Perceptual training |
Primary outcome
Change in perceptually rated accuracy of /r/
Time frame: The timepoints for comparison will be from baseline to after both groups have completed 4 weeks of VAB and when both groups have completed the target 12 weeks of treatment (all types interventions: VAB, Perception training and no treatment).
To assess generalization of treatment gains to untreated words, participants will be assessed with standard probes containing 45 syllables, 50 words and 5 sentences with rhotic targets in various phonetic contexts. Stimuli in each probe will be presented individually in randomized order with blocking by stimulus type (word, syllable, sentence). No auditory models will be provided; for children with reading difficulty, semantic cues will be provided to elicit the intended word. Individual words will be isolated from the audio record of each word probe and presented in randomized order for binary rating (correct/ incorrect) by 4 trained listeners who are blind to treatment condition and time point (but will see the written representation of each target word). We will use the proportion of "correct" ratings for each token as our primary measure of perceptually rated accuracy from which we will fit a multilevel model as the primary outcome variable.
3 secondary outcomes
Socio-emotional well-being
Time frame: Baseline and after all interventions are completed (target time frame: 12 weeks)
Percent accuracy pooled across Identification Perception task
Time frame: The timepoints for comparison will be from baseline to after both groups have completed 4 weeks of VAB and when both groups have completed the target 12 weeks of treatment (all types interventions: VAB, Perception training and no treatment).
Percent accuracy pooled across Category Goodness Perception task
Time frame: The timepoints for comparison will be from baseline to after both groups have completed 4 weeks of VAB and when both groups have completed the target 12 weeks of treatment (all types interventions: VAB, Perception training and no treatment).
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Elaine Hitchcock, PhD principal investigator
Montclair State University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Visual acoustic biofeedback: ORDER and Perception Training: ORDER in people with Speech Sound Disorder, run by Montclair State University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Elaine R. Hitchcock, PhD (973-229-3797, hitchcocke@montclair.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in perceptually rated accuracy of /r/ (time frame: The timepoints for comparison will be from baseline to after both groups have completed 4 weeks of VAB and when both groups have completed the target 12 weeks of treatment (all types interventions: VAB, Perception training and no treatment).). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Aug 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 26 Oct 2026.