Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)NCT06973551
Culturally Familiar Nostalgic VR Cognitive Training for Older Adults
A study testing Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Dementia, run by National Taiwan Normal University at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial investigates the effects of a nostalgia-based cognitive training intervention delivered via Virtual Reality (VR) on emotional well-being and cognitive functioning among community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) in northern Taiwan, specifically targeting those with mild cognitive… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 65 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Dementia, Cognitive Decline
- What is being tested?
- Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 64 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 29 Apr 2025to 30 Mar 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 65 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 65 years or older
- Able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese
- Capable of wearing and operating a VR headset and handheld controllers
- Sufficient vision and hearing to interact with VR content (assistive devices permitted)
- Able to provide informed consent or have a legal guardian provide consent
Who cannot join
- Diagnosis of severe dementia or advanced neurodegenerative disease
- Severe psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder)
- Major visual or auditory impairments that would interfere with VR use, even with assistive devices
- Unconsciousness, inability to stay awake or focused for the session duration Inability to comply with study protocol or scheduled sessions
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Benefits of Nostalgia-Based Virtual Reality Brain Health Interventions on Nostalgia Tendencies, Life Satisfaction, Psychological Well-Being, Depression Levels, and Cognitive Function in Older Adults
This randomized controlled trial investigates the effects of a nostalgia-based cognitive training intervention delivered via Virtual Reality (VR) on emotional well-being and cognitive functioning among community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) in northern Taiwan, specifically targeting those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia. The study, conducted at National Taiwan Normal University, aims to assess whether engaging older adults in nostalgic VR experiences can enhance nostalgia proneness, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being, while also reducing depressive symptoms and improving cognitive functions.
Participants who meet inclusion criteria (aged 65+, capable of communicating in Mandarin or Taiwanese, without severe psychiatric conditions, with sufficient vision/hearing) will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group receiving the "Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program" or a control group engaged in routine weekly activities. Each session, scheduled twice weekly, spans 25-35 minutes in total, including setup, support, and breaks, while the actual VR usage time is 15-25 minutes depending on individual tolerance. Research staff will provide close support and safety monitoring during all sessions.
Pre- and post-intervention outcomes will be measured using standardized assessments: Southampton Nostalgia Scale (SNS), Short-Form Life Satisfaction Index (LSI-SF), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), Short-Form Chinese version of Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale (PWB-18), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Taiwan Version (MoCA-T). The study emphasizes participant safety and data confidentiality throughout its duration. Findings aim to demonstrate VR's potential as a non-invasive, preventive strategy for cognitive decline and mental health enhancement among older populations.
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) examines the effectiveness of a culturally tailored, nostalgia-based virtual reality (VR) program in promoting cognitive health and emotional well-being among older adults (≥65 years) in northern Taiwan. The study is designed in response to Taiwan's rapid transition into a super-aged society, where dementia prevalence and caregiving burdens are expected to rise significantly. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a critical transitional state with cognitive plasticity, providing a valuable opportunity for early non-pharmacological intervention.
Theoretical Framework
The intervention is guided by Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT), which emphasizes how perceptions of usefulness, ease of use, and enjoyment influence participants' satisfaction and long-term intention to adopt health-related technologies. This framework allows the study to move beyond clinical outcomes and assess the feasibility and sustainability of VR interventions among older adults.
Intervention Features
The Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program integrates reminiscence therapy with cognitive training within immersive VR. The content is uniquely designed with Taiwan-specific cultural elements, such as traditional wedding rituals, historical films, and familiar objects from everyday life, to evoke strong nostalgic responses and enhance emotional engagement.
Cognitive exercises are embedded in the VR environment and target seven domains:Attention, Memory, Reasoning, Reading comprehension, Thinking skills, Imagination and creativity, Observational skills.
Each session, scheduled twice weekly, lasts approximately 25-35 minutes, including preparation, VR exposure (15-25 minutes depending on tolerance), discussion, and breaks. The intervention continues for 12 sessions in total. Assessments are conducted at baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention. Sessions are delivered within participants' own care facilities to ensure safety and comfort.
Distinguishing Characteristics
Unlike conventional reminiscence therapy, which often uses photos or group conversations, the immersive VR environment minimizes external distractions and enhances the sense of presence. This approach is expected to amplify the therapeutic benefits of reminiscence by combining emotional stimulation with structured cognitive tasks.
Previous studies in Asia and Europe have shown promising results from VR-based reminiscence and cognitive training, but most were limited by small sample sizes or short-term pilot designs. This trial is one of the first large-scale, culturally adapted RCTs in Taiwan, addressing both psychological outcomes (e.g., life satisfaction, well-being, depressive symptoms) and cognitive performance in older adults with MCI or mild dementia.
Anticipated Contributions
This study aims to:
Demonstrate the efficacy of a VR-based nostalgia and cognitive training program as an innovative non-pharmacological intervention.
Provide empirical evidence on how culturally tailored VR content can enhance reminiscence, reduce depressive symptoms, and improve cognitive functioning in older adults.
Evaluate user acceptance and long-term adoption intentions, offering insights into the scalability of digital health interventions in community and institutional settings.
By integrating cultural reminiscence, cognitive stimulation, and immersive VR technology, this trial contributes to both the scientific evidence base and practical strategies for dementia prevention, elderly mental health promotion, and caregiver burden reduction.
- Being tested
- Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program
- Keywords
- Older adults, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, Cognitive Training, nostalgia-based virtual reality, Aging and Cognitive Health, Virtual Reality Cognitive Training
- Medical subject headings
- Cognitive Dysfunction, Dementia, Psychological Well-Being
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Brain Health Nostalgic VR ProgramBehavioural
Also called nostalgia-based virtual reality, Elderly Brain Boosting Nostalgic VR, Nostalgia-Based VR Cognitive Training
The "Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program" is a culturally tailored virtual reality intervention integrating nostalgic content from Taiwanese culture (e.g., vintage photographs, familiar objects, historical TV clips, traditional settings) with interactive cognitive training tasks. The program targets seven cognitive domains: attention, imagination and creativity, observation, memory, reasoning, reading comprehension, and thinking. Each session spans 25-35 minutes, with 15-25 minutes of actual VR use based on participant tolerance, each participant will use VR for no more than 30 minutes per session before taking a break. Participants receive 12 sessions, scheduled in principle twice weekly. The intervention is delivered individually at the participant's day-care center, with researcher support provided throughout.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Nostalgia-Based VR Cognitive Training | Experimental | Participants in this arm will receive the "Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program," a culturally grounded virtual reality intervention integrating nostalgic elements representative of Taiwanese culture (e.g., old photographs, household objects, traditional media, and familiar scenarios) with interactive cognitive training. The training targets seven domains: attention, imagination and creativity, observation, memory, reasoning, reading comprehension, and thinking. Each session spans 25-35 minutes in total, including setup, support, brief reflection, and closure, while the actual VR usage time is 15-25 minutes depending on individual tolerance. The intervention is conducted in 12 sessions, scheduled in principle twice weekly, at the participant's day-care center, with full assistance and monitoring by the research team. Receives: Behavioral: Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program |
| Routine Weekly Activities | No intervention | Participants in this arm will continue with their routine weekly activities provided by their respective long-term care facilities. These activities may include light physical exercise, social engagement, passive entertainment (e.g., watching TV), or unstructured leisure. No structured cognitive training or VR-related content will be administered. This arm serves as a control group for comparison with the experimental group receiving the nostalgia-based VR intervention. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Cognitive Function Assessed by MoCA-T
Cognitive function will be measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Taiwan Version (MoCA-T), a validated tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia. The MoCA-T assesses multiple domains including memory, attention, executive function, language, and visuospatial skills.
Score range: 0-30 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. For the Taiwanese version, a cutoff score of 23/24 has been suggested as the optimal threshold for distinguishing MCI patients from cognitively normal controls.
Measured: Baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention
Secondary outcomes (4)
Change in Nostalgia Proneness Assessed by Southampton Nostalgia Scale (SNS)
Change in Nostalgia Proneness Assessed by the Southampton Nostalgia Scale (SNS) Nostalgia proneness will be measured using the 7-item Southampton Nostalgia Scale (SNS), which evaluates both the importance/meaning of nostalgia (items 1-4) and the frequency of nostalgic experiences (items 5-7). Items 1-6 are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (1-7). Importance items range from 1 = not at all valuable/important to 7 = very valuable/important. General frequency items range from 1 = very rare to 7 = very frequent. Item 7 specifically assesses the concrete frequency of nostalgic experiences with options ranging from 1 = once or twice a year to 7 = at least once a day. The total score ranges from 7 to 49, with higher scores indicating a stronger proneness to nostalgia.
Measured: Baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention
Change in Depression Symptoms Assessed by GDS-15
Depression levels will be measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), a validated self-report tool for older adults. Items are scored dichotomously ("yes" = 1; "no" = 0), yielding a total score of 0-15, where higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms. The Chinese version has demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties among Taiwanese older adults.
Measured: Baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention
Change in Psychological Well-being Assessed by PWB-18
Psychological well-being will be evaluated using the 18-item Short-Form Chinese version of Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale (PWB-18), which measures six dimensions of well-being. All items are rated on a 6-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree), yielding a total score ranging from 18 to 108, where higher scores indicate greater psychological well-being.
Measured: Baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention
Change in Life Satisfaction Assessed by LSI-SF
Change in Life Satisfaction Assessed by the Life Satisfaction Index - Short Form (LSI-SF) Life satisfaction will be assessed using the 6-item Life Satisfaction Index - Short Form (LSI-SF), derived from the original Life Satisfaction Index-A (LSIA) by Neugarten et al. (1961). The items cover three domains: (1) zest vs. apathy, (2) resolution and fortitude, and (3) congruence between desired and achieved goals. One item ("Most of the things I do are boring or monotonous") is reverse-coded. Each item is scored dichotomously (0 = no, 1 = yes), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 6. Higher scores indicate greater life satisfaction.
Measured: Baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 May 2025
- Study start29 Apr 2025
- Primary completion10 Feb 2026
- Study completion30 Mar 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study adopts a parallel-group randomized controlled trial design. Eligible participants are randomly assigned to either an experimental group (receiving nostalgia-based VR cognitive training) or a control group (engaging in routine weekly activities without specific intervention). The intervention consists of 12 sessions over 6-8 weeks, with follow-up assessments conducted at 3 months post-intervention, enabling direct comparison of outcomes between groups.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jong-Long Guo, PhD, Study chair, National Taiwan Normal University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06973551
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 202503HM026
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 7 May 2025
- Last updated
- 21 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data (IPD) will be available after publication of the main trial results in an international peer-reviewed journal. Access requires a formal request to the corresponding author and approval. Shared data will include variables related to primary and secondary outcomes (e.g., demographics, cognitive function, well-being, depression, and life satisfaction). Data will be provided for academic, non-commercial research only, beginning 6 months after publication and up to 3 years thereafter. Qualified researchers must submit a sound proposal; upon approval, data will be securely transferred electronically.
Publications
Tu CL, Chang CH, Ya-Wen Cheng V, Huang SF, Sung SC, Huang CM, Guo JL. Culturally Familiar Nostalgic Virtual Reality Cognitive Training for Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Day-Care Centers. Clin Gerontol. 2026 Sep 6:1-16. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2026.2724377. Online ahead of print.
PubMed 42701837
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Benefits of Nostalgia-Based Virtual Reality Brain Health Interventions on Nostalgia Tendencies, Life Satisfaction, Psychological Well-Being, Depression Levels, and Cognitive Function in Older Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06973551
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 202503HM026
- Keywords
- Older adults, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, Cognitive Training, nostalgia-based virtual reality, Aging and Cognitive Health, Virtual Reality Cognitive Training
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan Normal UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 29 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 10 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Mar 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 May 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial investigates the effects of a nostalgia-based cognitive training intervention delivered via Virtual Reality (VR) on emotional well-being and cognitive functioning among community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) in northern Taiwan, specifically targeting those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia. The study, conducted at National Taiwan Normal University, aims to assess whether engaging older adults in nostalgic VR experiences can enhance nostalgia proneness, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being, while also reducing depressive symptoms and improving cognitive functions.
Participants who meet inclusion criteria (aged 65+, capable of communicating in Mandarin or Taiwanese, without severe psychiatric conditions, with sufficient vision/hearing) will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group receiving the "Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program" or a control group engaged in routine weekly activities. Each session, scheduled twice weekly, spans 25-35 minutes in total, including setup, support, and breaks, while the actual VR usage time is 15-25 minutes depending on individual tolerance. Research staff will provide close support and safety monitoring during all sessions.
Pre- and post-intervention outcomes will be measured using standardized assessments: Southampton Nostalgia Scale (SNS), Short-Form Life Satisfaction Index (LSI-SF), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), Short-Form Chinese version of Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale (PWB-18), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Taiwan Version (MoCA-T). The study emphasizes participant safety and data confidentiality throughout its duration. Findings aim to demonstrate VR's potential as a non-invasive, preventive strategy for cognitive decline and mental health enhancement among older populations.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) examines the effectiveness of a culturally tailored, nostalgia-based virtual reality (VR) program in promoting cognitive health and emotional well-being among older adults (≥65 years) in northern Taiwan. The study is designed in response to Taiwan's rapid transition into a super-aged society, where dementia prevalence and caregiving burdens are expected to rise significantly. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a critical transitional state with cognitive plasticity, providing a valuable opportunity for early non-pharmacological intervention.
Theoretical Framework
The intervention is guided by Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT), which emphasizes how perceptions of usefulness, ease of use, and enjoyment influence participants' satisfaction and long-term intention to adopt health-related technologies. This framework allows the study to move beyond clinical outcomes and assess the feasibility and sustainability of VR interventions among older adults.
Intervention Features
The Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program integrates reminiscence therapy with cognitive training within immersive VR. The content is uniquely designed with Taiwan-specific cultural elements, such as traditional wedding rituals, historical films, and familiar objects from everyday life, to evoke strong nostalgic responses and enhance emotional engagement.
Cognitive exercises are embedded in the VR environment and target seven domains:Attention, Memory, Reasoning, Reading comprehension, Thinking skills, Imagination and creativity, Observational skills.
Each session, scheduled twice weekly, lasts approximately 25-35 minutes, including preparation, VR exposure (15-25 minutes depending on tolerance), discussion, and breaks. The intervention continues for 12 sessions in total. Assessments are conducted at baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention. Sessions are delivered within participants' own care facilities to ensure safety and comfort.
Distinguishing Characteristics
Unlike conventional reminiscence therapy, which often uses photos or group conversations, the immersive VR environment minimizes external distractions and enhances the sense of presence. This approach is expected to amplify the therapeutic benefits of reminiscence by combining emotional stimulation with structured cognitive tasks.
Previous studies in Asia and Europe have shown promising results from VR-based reminiscence and cognitive training, but most were limited by small sample sizes or short-term pilot designs. This trial is one of the first large-scale, culturally adapted RCTs in Taiwan, addressing both psychological outcomes (e.g., life satisfaction, well-being, depressive symptoms) and cognitive performance in older adults with MCI or mild dementia.
Anticipated Contributions
This study aims to:
Demonstrate the efficacy of a VR-based nostalgia and cognitive training program as an innovative non-pharmacological intervention.
Provide empirical evidence on how culturally tailored VR content can enhance reminiscence, reduce depressive symptoms, and improve cognitive functioning in older adults.
Evaluate user acceptance and long-term adoption intentions, offering insights into the scalability of digital health interventions in community and institutional settings.
By integrating cultural reminiscence, cognitive stimulation, and immersive VR technology, this trial contributes to both the scientific evidence base and practical strategies for dementia prevention, elderly mental health promotion, and caregiver burden reduction.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This study adopts a parallel-group randomized controlled trial design. Eligible participants are randomly assigned to either an experimental group (receiving nostalgia-based VR cognitive training) or a control group (engaging in routine weekly activities without specific intervention). The intervention consists of 12 sessions over 6-8 weeks, with follow-up assessments conducted at 3 months post-intervention, enabling direct comparison of outcomes between groups.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Nostalgia-Based VR Cognitive Training | Experimental | Behavioral: Brain Health Nostalgic VR ProgramParticipants in this arm will receive the "Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program," a culturally grounded virtual reality intervention integrating nostalgic elements representative of Taiwanese culture (e.g., old photographs, household objects, traditional media, and familiar scenarios) with interactive cognitive training. The training targets seven domains: attention, imagination and creativity, observation, memory, reasoning, reading comprehension, and thinking. Each session spans 25-35 minutes in total, including setup, support, brief reflection, and closure, while the actual VR usage time is 15-25 minutes depending on individual tolerance. The intervention is conducted in 12 sessions, scheduled in principle twice weekly, at the participant's day-care center, with full assistance and monitoring by the research team. |
| Routine Weekly Activities | No intervention | –Participants in this arm will continue with their routine weekly activities provided by their respective long-term care facilities. These activities may include light physical exercise, social engagement, passive entertainment (e.g., watching TV), or unstructured leisure. No structured cognitive training or VR-related content will be administered. This arm serves as a control group for comparison with the experimental group receiving the nostalgia-based VR intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 65 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Age 65 years or older
- Able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese
- Capable of wearing and operating a VR headset and handheld controllers
- Sufficient vision and hearing to interact with VR content (assistive devices permitted)
- Able to provide informed consent or have a legal guardian provide consent
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Diagnosis of severe dementia or advanced neurodegenerative disease
- Severe psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder)
- Major visual or auditory impairments that would interfere with VR use, even with assistive devices
- Unconsciousness, inability to stay awake or focused for the session duration Inability to comply with study protocol or scheduled sessions
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Brain Health Nostalgic VR ProgramAlso: nostalgia-based virtual reality, Elderly Brain Boosting Nostalgic VR, Nostalgia-Based VR Cognitive TrainingThe "Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program" is a culturally tailored virtual reality intervention integrating nostalgic content from Taiwanese culture (e.g., vintage photographs, familiar objects, historical TV clips, traditional settings) with interactive cognitive training tasks. The program targets seven cognitive domains: attention, imagination and creativity, observation, memory, reasoning, reading comprehension, and thinking. Each session spans 25-35 minutes, with 15-25 minutes of actual VR use based on participant tolerance, each participant will use VR for no more than 30 minutes per session before taking a break. Participants receive 12 sessions, scheduled in principle twice weekly. The intervention is delivered individually at the participant's day-care center, with researcher support provided throughout. | Behavioural | Nostalgia-Based VR Cognitive Training |
Primary outcome
Change in Cognitive Function Assessed by MoCA-T
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention
Cognitive function will be measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Taiwan Version (MoCA-T), a validated tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia. The MoCA-T assesses multiple domains including memory, attention, executive function, language, and visuospatial skills. Score range: 0-30 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning. For the Taiwanese version, a cutoff score of 23/24 has been suggested as the optimal threshold for distinguishing MCI patients from cognitively normal controls.
4 secondary outcomes
Change in Nostalgia Proneness Assessed by Southampton Nostalgia Scale (SNS)
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention
Change in Depression Symptoms Assessed by GDS-15
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention
Change in Psychological Well-being Assessed by PWB-18
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention
Change in Life Satisfaction Assessed by LSI-SF
Time frame: Baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Apr 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42701837Tu CL, Chang CH, Ya-Wen Cheng V, Huang SF, Sung SC, Huang CM, Guo JL. Culturally Familiar Nostalgic Virtual Reality Cognitive Training for Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Day-Care Centers. Clin Gerontol. 2026 Sep 6:1-16. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2026.2724377. Online ahead of print.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data (IPD) will be available after publication of the main trial results in an international peer-reviewed journal. Access requires a formal request to the corresponding author and approval. Shared data will include variables related to primary and secondary outcomes (e.g., demographics, cognitive function, well-being, depression, and life satisfaction). Data will be provided for academic, non-commercial research only, beginning 6 months after publication and up to 3 years thereafter. Qualified researchers must submit a sound proposal; upon approval, data will be securely transferred electronically.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jong-Long Guo, PhD study chair
National Taiwan Normal University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Brain Health Nostalgic VR Program in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Dementia, run by National Taiwan Normal University at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Cognitive Function Assessed by MoCA-T (time frame: Baseline, post-intervention (up to 8 weeks), and 3 months post-intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06973551, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Apr 2026.