Emergency RoomMORALNCT06973993
A Study to Evaluate the Impact of Classical Music on Perceived Waiting Time and Satisfaction in Emergency Department Patients
An observational study of Emergency Room, run by Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona at 1 site in Switzerland.
Trial summary
The goal of this study is to evaluate whether classical music in the Emergency waiting room can diminish perception of waiting times. Patients and relatives, after arriving in the ER waiting room will either listen to live classical music, recorded classical music, or no music at all. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Emergency Room
- What is being tested?
- live music, recorded music and no music
- How many people
- 97 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSwitzerland
- Study dates
- 1 Apr 2025to 31 Aug 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: patient and relatives affering ER
Who may be able to join
- ER department patients waiting for medical assessment and their relatives
- Age ≥ 18 years
- Signed informed consent
Who cannot join
- Patients in situations of high severity and that pose an immediate significant threat to life or physiologic function.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Switzerland1 site
Ospedale Regionale Bellinzona e Valli, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale
Bellinzona
About this study
Official title: The MORAL (MOzart Recorded And Live) Impact of Classical Music on Perceived Waiting Time and Satisfaction: A Comparative Study in Emergency Department Patients
The goal of this study is to evaluate whether classical music in the Emergency waiting room can diminish perception of waiting times. Patients and relatives, after arriving in the ER waiting room will either listen to live classical music, recorded classical music, or no music at all.
Read the detailed description
The study was submitted to the ethics committee as an interventional clinical trial; however, they advised that it does not qualify as a clinical trial. The project does not collect health-related information from patients, according to the definition provided by swiss research law, and therefore does not require any authorization. They qualify it as a quality control initiative.
Please advise on how we should register it into clinicaltrials.gov, we might need the ID for publication purpose.
Thank you
- Conditions
- Emergency Room
- Being tested
- live music, recorded music, no music
- Medical subject headings
- Emergencies
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
live musicOther
live music will be played during waiting time in ER room
recorded musicOther
recorded music will be transmitted during waiting time in ER room
no musicOther
no music will be played or transmitted during waiting time in ER room
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| live music | All patients and relatives arriving at the ER on a given day will find live music as situation chosen in advance Receives: Other: live music | |
| recorded music | All patients and relatives arriving at the ER on a given day will find recorded music as situation chosen in advance Receives: Other: recorded music | |
| no music | All patients and relatives arriving at the ER on a given day will find no music as situation chosen in advance Receives: Other: no music |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
patient satisfaction
Patient satisfaction will be calculated attributing a score to a validated questionnaire designed for assessing waiting times in the emergency department, namely the "Patient Satisfaction with Waiting Time in Emergency Departments" questionnaire.
Measured: day 1
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 May 2025
- Study start1 Apr 2025
- Primary completion31 Aug 2025
- Study completion31 Aug 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Emergency RoomStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 97 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06973993
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ORBV-CHIR-006
- Acronym
- MORAL
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 11 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 9 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The MORAL (MOzart Recorded And Live) Impact of Classical Music on Perceived Waiting Time and Satisfaction: A Comparative Study in Emergency Department Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06973993
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MORAL / ORBV-CHIR-006
- Conditions
- Emergency Room
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 97 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, BellinzonaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Aug 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 May 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this study is to evaluate whether classical music in the Emergency waiting room can diminish perception of waiting times. Patients and relatives, after arriving in the ER waiting room will either listen to live classical music, recorded classical music, or no music at all.
Detailed description
The study was submitted to the ethics committee as an interventional clinical trial; however, they advised that it does not qualify as a clinical trial. The project does not collect health-related information from patients, according to the definition provided by swiss research law, and therefore does not require any authorization. They qualify it as a quality control initiative.
Please advise on how we should register it into clinicaltrials.gov, we might need the ID for publication purpose.
Thank you
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| live music | – | Other: live musicAll patients and relatives arriving at the ER on a given day will find live music as situation chosen in advance |
| recorded music | – | Other: recorded musicAll patients and relatives arriving at the ER on a given day will find recorded music as situation chosen in advance |
| no music | – | Other: no musicAll patients and relatives arriving at the ER on a given day will find no music as situation chosen in advance |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- patient and relatives affering ER
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- ER department patients waiting for medical assessment and their relatives
- Age ≥ 18 years
- Signed informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients in situations of high severity and that pose an immediate significant threat to life or physiologic function.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| live musiclive music will be played during waiting time in ER room | Other | live music |
| recorded musicrecorded music will be transmitted during waiting time in ER room | Other | recorded music |
| no musicno music will be played or transmitted during waiting time in ER room | Other | no music |
Primary outcome
patient satisfaction
Time frame: day 1
Patient satisfaction will be calculated attributing a score to a validated questionnaire designed for assessing waiting times in the emergency department, namely the "Patient Satisfaction with Waiting Time in Emergency Departments" questionnaire.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Mar 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Emergency Room, run by Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona at 1 site in Switzerland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Switzerland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
patient satisfaction (time frame: day 1). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Mar 2026.