Force ProductionNCT06974409
This Study Will Compare Force Production in Double-leg Squats of College Students Before and After a Standardized Foam Rolling Session
A study testing foam roller in people with Force Production and Pain Intensity Assessment, run by University of Redlands at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study is a within-subject controlled trial . The investigators will compare unilateral force production in a bodyweight double-leg squat before and after a standardized foam rolling session with the use of Vald ForceDecks. TheForceDecks use sensors embedded within separate plates to record the forces exerted. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 22 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Force Production, Pain Intensity Assessment
- What is being tested?
- foam roller
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 21 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 11 Jun 2025to 30 Sep 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 22 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Inclusion Criteria: university student; 18-22 years of age -
Exclusion Criteria: unable to get up from the ground without assistance; current lower extremity injury; prior lower extremity surgery in the past 10 years
-
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effects of Foam Rolling on Double-leg Squat Force Distribution
This study is a within-subject controlled trial . The investigators will compare unilateral force production in a bodyweight double-leg squat before and after a standardized foam rolling session with the use of Vald ForceDecks. TheForceDecks use sensors embedded within separate plates to record the forces exerted. Participants will have their weight, height, and dorsiflexion range of motion measured prior to performing 3 double-leg squats. Participants will then be instructed on the foam rolling technique. They will perform the technique on each quadriceps group and will state their pain level at 30 seconds and at 2 minutes using the VAS pain scale.
Read the detailed description
The invetigators will compare independent bilateral double-leg squat force productions before and after a structured foam rolling routine. Participants will first be measured for height, weight, and dorsiflexion ROM (SADS; standing ankle dorsiflexion screen). Quadriceps muscle belly length will be determined by measuring from the ASIS to the superior pole of the patella and marking the middle 2/3 of the region. Participants will then stand on VALD ForceDecks for normalization. (The ForceDecks use sensors embedded within separate plates to record the forces exerted by each leg.) With hands on hips, participants will perform three body weight double leg squats (squatting above 90 degrees of knee flexion). Participants will then watch a demonstration of single leg quadriceps foam rolling which will consist of 3-point contact in a plank position with the targeted leg not having contact with the ground. Participants will be cued for continuous motion on a count of 3 seconds in each direction without pausing. Participants will be asked to respond to a visual analog scale for pain at 30 seconds and at 2 minutes (end of session). Participants will be given a 30-second rest between sides. Upon completion, participants will return to the ForceDecks and perform 3 additional body weight double-leg squats with hands on hips (approximate same depth of squat as the initial set).
- Conditions
- Force Production, Pain Intensity Assessment
- Being tested
- foam roller
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
foam rollerDevice
foam rollers with grids, knobs, and spikes
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Foam Rolling Regime | Experimental | 2-minute quadriceps foam rolling regime Receives: Device: foam roller |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Force Production
Unilateral lower extremity force production during a single-leg squat.
Measured: 30 minutes
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 May 2025
- Study start11 Jun 2025
- Primary completion18 Aug 2025
- Study completion30 Sep 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Force ProductionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- Single Group Assessment .
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 21 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Redlands
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Kendra Nelson, University of Redlands
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06974409
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Protocol #2025-003-Redlands
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 7 May 2025
- Last updated
- 12 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: IPD will only be used for this particular study.
Publications
Hendricks S, Hill H, Hollander SD, Lombard W, Parker R. Effects of foam rolling on performance and recovery: A systematic review of the literature to guide practitioners on the use of foam rolling. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020 Apr;24(2):151-174. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.10.019. Epub 2019 Nov 2.
PubMed 32507141Plisky PJ, Bullock GS, Garner MB, Ricard R, Hayden J, Huebner B, Schwartzkopf-Phifer K, Kiesel K. The Dorsiflexion Range of Motion Screen: A Validation Study. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021 Apr 1;16(2):306-311. doi: 10.26603/001c.21253.
PubMed 33842026Pardo E, El Behi H, Boizeau P, Verdonk F, Alberti C, Lescot T. Reliability of ultrasound measurements of quadriceps muscle thickness in critically ill patients. BMC Anesthesiol. 2018 Dec 27;18(1):205. doi: 10.1186/s12871-018-0647-9.
PubMed 30591032Michalak B, Kopiczko A, Gajda R, Adamczyk JG. Recovery effect of self-myofascial release treatment using different type of a foam rollers. Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 9;14(1):15762. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66577-x.
PubMed 38982124Junker D, Stoggl T. The Training Effects of Foam Rolling on Core Strength Endurance, Balance, Muscle Performance and Range of Motion: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sports Sci Med. 2019 Jun 1;18(2):229-238. eCollection 2019 Jun.
PubMed 31191092Healey KC, Hatfield DL, Blanpied P, Dorfman LR, Riebe D. The effects of myofascial release with foam rolling on performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Jan;28(1):61-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182956569.
PubMed 23588488
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of Foam Rolling on Double-leg Squat Force Distribution
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06974409
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Protocol #2025-003-Redlands
- Conditions
- Force Production, Pain Intensity Assessment
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 21 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of RedlandsUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 11 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 18 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 May 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study is a within-subject controlled trial . The investigators will compare unilateral force production in a bodyweight double-leg squat before and after a standardized foam rolling session with the use of Vald ForceDecks. TheForceDecks use sensors embedded within separate plates to record the forces exerted. Participants will have their weight, height, and dorsiflexion range of motion measured prior to performing 3 double-leg squats. Participants will then be instructed on the foam rolling technique. They will perform the technique on each quadriceps group and will state their pain level at 30 seconds and at 2 minutes using the VAS pain scale.
Detailed description
The invetigators will compare independent bilateral double-leg squat force productions before and after a structured foam rolling routine. Participants will first be measured for height, weight, and dorsiflexion ROM (SADS; standing ankle dorsiflexion screen). Quadriceps muscle belly length will be determined by measuring from the ASIS to the superior pole of the patella and marking the middle 2/3 of the region. Participants will then stand on VALD ForceDecks for normalization. (The ForceDecks use sensors embedded within separate plates to record the forces exerted by each leg.) With hands on hips, participants will perform three body weight double leg squats (squatting above 90 degrees of knee flexion). Participants will then watch a demonstration of single leg quadriceps foam rolling which will consist of 3-point contact in a plank position with the targeted leg not having contact with the ground. Participants will be cued for continuous motion on a count of 3 seconds in each direction without pausing. Participants will be asked to respond to a visual analog scale for pain at 30 seconds and at 2 minutes (end of session). Participants will be given a 30-second rest between sides. Upon completion, participants will return to the ForceDecks and perform 3 additional body weight double-leg squats with hands on hips (approximate same depth of squat as the initial set).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- Single Group Assessment .
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Foam Rolling Regime | Experimental | Device: foam roller2-minute quadriceps foam rolling regime |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 22 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| foam rollerfoam rollers with grids, knobs, and spikes | Device | Foam Rolling Regime |
Primary outcome
Force Production
Time frame: 30 minutes
Unilateral lower extremity force production during a single-leg squat.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Jan 2026.
- Background: PubMed 32507141Hendricks S, Hill H, Hollander SD, Lombard W, Parker R. Effects of foam rolling on performance and recovery: A systematic review of the literature to guide practitioners on the use of foam rolling. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020 Apr;24(2):151-174. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.10.019. Epub 2019 Nov 2.
- Background: PubMed 33842026Plisky PJ, Bullock GS, Garner MB, Ricard R, Hayden J, Huebner B, Schwartzkopf-Phifer K, Kiesel K. The Dorsiflexion Range of Motion Screen: A Validation Study. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021 Apr 1;16(2):306-311. doi: 10.26603/001c.21253.
- Background: PubMed 30591032Pardo E, El Behi H, Boizeau P, Verdonk F, Alberti C, Lescot T. Reliability of ultrasound measurements of quadriceps muscle thickness in critically ill patients. BMC Anesthesiol. 2018 Dec 27;18(1):205. doi: 10.1186/s12871-018-0647-9.
- Background: PubMed 38982124Michalak B, Kopiczko A, Gajda R, Adamczyk JG. Recovery effect of self-myofascial release treatment using different type of a foam rollers. Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 9;14(1):15762. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66577-x.
- Background: PubMed 31191092Junker D, Stoggl T. The Training Effects of Foam Rolling on Core Strength Endurance, Balance, Muscle Performance and Range of Motion: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sports Sci Med. 2019 Jun 1;18(2):229-238. eCollection 2019 Jun.
- Background: PubMed 23588488Healey KC, Hatfield DL, Blanpied P, Dorfman LR, Riebe D. The effects of myofascial release with foam rolling on performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Jan;28(1):61-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182956569.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. IPD will only be used for this particular study.
Related trials for Force Production
Active, not recruiting
The Effect of Heat Pads and Foam Rolling on Strength in Athletes.
Healthy Participants
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing foam roller in people with Force Production and Pain Intensity Assessment, run by University of Redlands at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Force Production (time frame: 30 minutes). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06974409, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Jan 2026.